scholarly journals Combating the opioid epidemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
A Simon Pickard ◽  
Todd A Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Epidemic

Commercial Fishing as an Occupational Determinant of Opioid Overdoses and Deaths of Despair in Two Massachusetts Fishing Ports, 2000–2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 104829112110234
Author(s):  
Scott Fulmer ◽  
Shruti Jain ◽  
David Kriebel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Death Certificate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Death Certificate Data ◽  
Deaths Of Despair

The opioid epidemic has had disproportionate effects across various sectors of the population, differentially impacting various occupations. Commercial fishing has among the highest rates of occupational fatalities in the United States. This study used death certificate data from two Massachusetts fishing ports to calculate proportionate mortality ratios of fatal opioid overdose as a cause of death in commercial fishing. Statistically significant proportionate mortality ratios revealed that commercial fishermen were greater than four times more likely to die from opioid poisoning than nonfishermen living in the same fishing ports. These important quantitative findings suggest opioid overdoses, and deaths to diseases of despair in general, deserve further study in prevention, particularly among those employed in commercial fishing.

The Opioid Epidemic and Homicide in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242782098684
Author(s):  
Richard Rosenfeld ◽  
Joel Wallman ◽  
Randolph Roth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Overdose Death ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Evaluate the relationship between the opioid epidemic and homicide rates in the United States. Methods: A county-level cross-sectional analysis covering the period 1999 to 2015. The race-specific homicide rate and the race-specific opioid-related overdose death rate are regressed on demographic, social, and economic covariates. Results: The race-specific opioid-related overdose death rate is positively associated with race-specific homicide rates, net of controls. The results are generally robust across alternative samples and model specifications. Conclusions: We interpret the results as reflecting the violent dynamics of street drug markets, although more research is needed to draw definitive conclusions about the mechanisms linking opioid demand and homicide.

The Opioid Epidemic in the United States: Where Do Patients Requiring Elective Arthroplasty Stand?

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Premkumar ◽  
Haoyan Zhong ◽  
Ethan Krell ◽  
Jiabin Liu ◽  
Stavros Memtsoudis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Epidemic

scholarly journals Management of Pain in the United States—A Brief History and Implications for the Opioid Epidemic

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117863291881944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A Bernard ◽  
Paul R Chelminski ◽  
Timothy J Ives ◽  
Shabbar I Ranapurwala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Epidemic

scholarly journals Addressing the Opioid Epidemic: Recommended Solutions from Physicians

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Cataldo ◽  
Sandra Collins ◽  
Richard C Mckinnies ◽  
Jane Nichols ◽  
Thomas A Shaw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
A Current

The purpose of this study was to assess physicians’ accounts related to the current opioid epidemic and to identify solutions that they feel would be most successful in addressing opioid misuse and overuse. A survey was administered a group of physicians obtained from a nationwide database. Nearly all physicians surveyed believed there was a current opioid crisis in the United States and that physicians should take an active role in addressing opioid use in patients. Four key themes emerged regarding solutions to the opioid crisis: i) policy change, ii) improve treatment, iii) education, and iv) alternative treatment. The diversity of responses highlighted the need for a multifaceted approach to address opioid misuse and abuse.

scholarly journals RhodotorulaEndogenous Endophthalmitis: A Novel Harbinger of the Injection Drug Epidemic in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Preston M. Luong ◽  
Basilio Kalpakian ◽  
Lawrence J. Jaeger ◽  
Timothy Lahey ◽  
Christopher B. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Endogenous Endophthalmitis ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Ocular Complication ◽  
First Case ◽  
Fungal Genus

Endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare but feared infectious ocular complication of injection drug use (IDU). The recent opioid epidemic in the United States threatens to increase the incidence of this disease. We report the first case of endogenous endophthalmitis in the United States caused by the emerging fungal pathogenRhodotorulain an injection drug user which led to no light perception vision (NLP). Worldwide experience withRhodotorulaendogenous endophthalmitis is limited, but existing cases suggest infection by this particular fungal genus has a grim prognosis.

Addressing the Opioid Epidemic in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid F. Gellad ◽  
Chester B. Good ◽  
David J. Shulkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Epidemic

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of opioid involvement in non-poisoning suicide – risks and prevention opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann Mason ◽  
Suzanne McLone ◽  
Tami Bartell ◽  
Sarah Welch ◽  
Karen Sheehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The current opioid epidemic has drawn attention to drug overdose deaths including unintentional and suicide poisoning deaths which peaked in the United States in 2017. Concurrent with the opioid epidemic, the number and rate of suicides in the United States has increased. At the same time, the proportion of suicide deaths across cause of death has shifted and the proportion of suicides by poisoning (including overdose) has decreased. On the face of it, it would appear that the opioid epidemic has not intersected with suicide as signaled by the decline in suicide deaths due to poisoning. However, opioid use and misuse is associated with suicidal ideation and attempts and therefore it is plausible that opioids may play a role in suicide deaths by causes other than poisoning. Objective This study examines opioid involvement (as measured by the presence of opioids but below the lethality threshold) in suicides by causes other than poisoning, Methods A cross-sectional study utilizing Illinois National Violent Death Reporting System data including all suicides toxicology screened for opioids. Chi-square tests were used to compare decedent and incident circumstance characteristics by opioid toxicology screen status. Results Of 1007 non-poisoning suicides screened for opioids, 83.6% (842) were opioid negative and 16.4% (165) were opioid positive. Over half (52.7%) of decedents positive for opioids died by firearm. White race, age 75 and over, and widowed or unknown marital status were associated with opioid positivity. Opioid positivity is linked to testing positive for other substances. One quarter of decedents testing positive for opioids had a history of substance abuse. Twenty eight percent of opioid positive decedents suffered from physical health problems. Conclusion Suicide decedents who are opioid positive and who die from causes other than poisoning have distinct characteristics which suggest an array of suicide prevention efforts – for example -- including information on risk of suicide for opiate users in firearm sales, including suicide prevention counseling in health care settings in which opiates and/or benzodiazepines are therapeutically prescribed, and close monitoring of pain symptoms among patients experiencing chronic pain. ​

scholarly journals Public health strategies to combat opioid epidemic in the United States: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Balidemaj
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Abstract Background The opioid epidemic in the United States is a national public health crisis. Driven by an increase in availability of pharmaceutical opioids and by an increase in their consumption, specifically, for pain treatment, more so in the past twenty years, it has led to an economic cost of prescription opioid abuse, overdose, and dependence in the United States estimated to be 78.5 billion USD. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate public health strategies that contribute towards combatting the opioid crisis. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist, a search was conducted of the PubMed database for articles in English language that analyzed the most effective ways to regulate health markets to decrease the opioid crisis in the United States. Results The initial search yielded 2397 titles, of which 15 full-text articles were ultimately selected for inclusion in this systematic review. The review identified four categories in overcoming this epidemic nationwide, including required improvement in patient utilization of and access to safe and effective treatment options for opioid abuse and overdose, addressing the stigma correlated with opioid use, considering appropriate use of abuse deterrent formulations (ADF) along with patient education, and improving prescribing practices via utilization of drug monitoring programs, CDC opioid prescribing guidelines and provider continuing education. Conclusions Attempts to combat the opioid epidemic have been made, and the state and federal governments have only recently started to understand the magnitude of the seriousness of this public health crisis. While the methods with promising improvement of the situation have been identified, implementing them has shown to be a challenge. Continued application is needed, while considering possible new steps that could help reinforce their utilization further. Key messages Attempts to combat the opioid epidemic have been made, and the state and federal governments have only recently started to understand the magnitude of the seriousness of this public health crisis. The methods with promising improvement of the opioid crisis situation have been identified, however utilizing and implementing the existing public health strategies has shown to be a challenge.

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