scholarly journals Self-mythology Through Trauma Studies in Paul Auster’s Invention of Solitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Shirkhani
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Classical Sense ◽  
Wish Fulfillment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Self Discovery

Auster’s first novel The Invention of Solitude was significant, in that it not only catalogued his own experiences, but also provided one of the earliest examples of the psychological processes involved in trauma and memory storage. It demonstrates the self’s psychological use of the Ego, in a classical sense, to negotiate between emotional response and reality, in order to create meaning around a set of events. More specifically, the death of Auster’s father operates as a catalyst for the author’s journey of self-discovery, which is richly tied to the psychoanalytical principles of Freud and Lacan, and which ultimately allows him to fully appreciate his experience of loss, by supporting the wish fulfillment related to his relationship with his father, and his need to understand the rejection he perceives suffering as a child. This highlights the difference between the inner child’s ego-centric or narcissistic perception, and the adult’s ability to rationalize, especially as it relates to memory and unfulfilled need.

The Mark, the Gestus, and the Moment of Witnessing

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROB BAUM
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
The Moment

A remembered piece of student theatre returns the writer to an examination of what was staged: a play centring on survival of the Shoah; the actor himself, a survivor; or an old man's self-discovery in the theatre. A shocking gestus in this production broke the boundaries of theatre and (while the fourth wall remained intact) transformed the audience into witnesses, and theatre into testimony. The article theorizes traumatic memory and its manifestations in the body, trauma's staging and the shape of narrative, and the difference between history, its performance and its mark.

scholarly journals THE CONVENTIONAL APPROACH OF DRAMATIC SITUATIONS TO THE DISADVANTAGE OF THE ORGANIC APPROACH FROM A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Florin TOMA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Self Discovery

This study aims to present some arguments that would highlight the difference in the approach of a dramatic text from a literary, conventional perspective and from an organic, violently subjective one. The analysis of drama from an acting perspective involves a set of difficulties and peculiarities resulted especially from its dual nature, because it is in the same time literature (fiction), as well as theater (action, show). The completion of a dramatic text involves, most often, its transformation into a show, but also into a processually-objective reality through the actor's creativity. The logical mechanisms typical to the acting creation process can often be inhibited by the need to exert self-control, due to a pattern of thinking extensively promoted in contemporary society, and that mostly aims success instead of encouraging an honest journey of self-discovery through theatre

Reacquisition of a Conditioned Emotional Response to Visual and Auditory Stimuli following Simple or Compound Extinction Procedures: An Investigation of Theoretical and Therapeutic Implications of the Rescorla-Wagner Learning Theory

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-845
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Monastra ◽  
David A. Sisemore
Keyword(s):  
Associative Strength ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Conditioned Emotional Response ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Relative Efficacy ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Learning

The rate of reacquisition of a conditioned emotional response (conditioned suppression) to visual and auditory stimuli after extinction to the stimuli individually or in compound was investigated to assess the relative efficacy of “simple”- and “compound”-extinction procedures in the elimination of conditioned fear in rats. Results indicated that compound-extinction procedures significantly retarded reacquisition of fear to stimuli of low associative strength and tended to facilitate the re-establishment of fear to stimuli of high associative strength. Also, it was noted that following compound extinction the degree of “retardation” or “acceleration” of fear reacquisition tended to increase with the difference between the associative strengths of the two stimuli extinguished in compound. Over-all, current findings were consistent with theoretical deductions derived from the Rescorla-Wagner learning theory and the implications for developing a more efficacious fear-elimination technique based on a specific learning theory were discussed.

Physically based metrics to evaluate the hydraulic distance between the drainage network and a DEM cell

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Menduni ◽  
Daniele Bignami ◽  
Carlo De Michele ◽  
Michele Del Vecchio ◽  
Aravind Harikumar
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Flood Susceptibility ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
The Difference

<div> <p>The distance between the drainage network and a generic pixel of a DEM is an important indicator for different categories of geomorphologic and hydrologic processes, particularly as far as the analysis of susceptibility to flood is concerned (Tehrany, Pradhan, & Jebur, 2014). </p> <div> <div>On the DEM domain D ⊂ ℜ<sup>3</sup> and its subset given by the hydraulic network N ⊂ D, the distance is a function d: N x D → ℜ. The problem is far from uniquely determined, particularly in the field of flood susceptibility. In this specific case literature tends to consider two different distances, horizontal and vertical, given in theory by the projection of the actual distance on the two directions. Presently, the problem is effectively divided into substantially disconnected approaches.</div> <div> <p>Several authors, for the horizontal distance, use forms of Euclidean distance. Generally (Tehrany, Pradhan, & Jebur, 2014), (Tehrany, et al., 2017), (Lee, Kang, & Jeon, 2012), (Tehrany, Lee, Pradhan, Jebur, & Lee, 2014), (Khosravi, et al., 2018), (Rahmati, Pourghasemi, & Zeinivand, 2016) the distance is discretized in classes via buffers of progressively increasing size. The vertical distance, on the other hand, is determined as the absolute difference between the elevations. A different approach is taken from (Samela, et al., 2015), (Manfreda, et al., 2015), (Manfreda, Samela, Sole, & Fiorentino, 2014), (Samela, Troy, & Manfreda, 2017), who consider the flow distance, viz. the distance along the hydraulic path. This procedure firstly identifies for each point of DEM the nearest downstream element of the drainage network, and then calculates the difference between the corresponding elevations.</p> <div> <p>The flow distance well describes processes driven by gravity. Flood processes do not fall into these cases being governed by the hydraulic head difference between the river and the adjacent territory (the flow generally occurs with an adverse elevation gradient). Thus, the flooding will not follow classic direct runoff paths. For this, in order to quantify properly the distance (hereafter denominated “hydraulic distance”) between the drainage network and a DEM cell, an original model is introduced in which a flood process is simulated with a simple 2D unsteady flow parabolic model according to (Bates & De Roo, 2000) and implemented via a cellular automaton scheme. For each pixel of DEM, firstly we have determined the closest upstream pixel of the drainage network, and then the vertical distance as the difference of the two elevations. </p> <p>The model allows to improve the flood susceptibility of the territory. Results, generated on a huge number of DEMs, are quite encouraging. Developments are in progress to decrease computational time and memory storage size.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Average Gait Differential Image Based Human Recognition

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyan Chen ◽  
Jiansheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gait Recognition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Static Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gait Identification ◽  
Previous Idea

The difference between adjacent frames of human walking contains useful information for human gait identification. Based on the previous idea a silhouettes difference based human gait recognition method named as average gait differential image (AGDI) is proposed in this paper. The AGDI is generated by the accumulation of the silhouettes difference between adjacent frames. The advantage of this method lies in that as a feature image it can preserve both the kinetic and static information of walking. Comparing to gait energy image (GEI), AGDI is more fit to representation the variation of silhouettes during walking. Two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) is used to extract features from the AGDI. Experiments on CASIA dataset show that AGDI has better identification and verification performance than GEI. Comparing to PCA, 2DPCA is a more efficient and less memory storage consumption feature extraction method in gait based recognition.

scholarly journals Empathy and Emotional Contagion as a Link Between Recognized and Felt Emotions in Music Listening

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hauke Egermann ◽  
Stephen McAdams
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
Major Predictor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Previous studies have shown that there is a difference between recognized and induced emotion in music listening. In this study, empathy is tested as a possible moderator between recognition and induction that is, on its own, moderated via music preference evaluations and other individual and situational features. Preference was also tested to determine whether it had an effect on measures of emotion independently from emotional expression. A web-based experiment gathered from 3,164 music listeners emotion, empathy, and preference ratings in a between-subjects design embedded in a music-personality test. Stimuli were a sample of 23 musical excerpts (each 30 seconds long, five randomly assigned to each participant) from various musical styles chosen to represent different emotions and preferences. Listeners in the recognition rating condition rated measures of valence and arousal significantly differently than listeners in the felt rating condition. Empathy ratings were shown to modulate this relationship: when empathy was present, the difference between the two rating types was reduced. Furthermore, we confirmed preference as one major predictor of empathy ratings. Emotional contagion was tested and confirmed as an additional direct effect of emotional expression on induced emotions. This study is among the first to explicitly test empathy and emotional contagion during music listening, helping to explain the often-reported emotional response to music in everyday life.

scholarly journals Electrocortical (EEG) correlates of music and states of consciousness

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazar Skaric ◽  
Milorad Tomasevic ◽  
Dejan Rakovic ◽  
Emil Jovanov ◽  
Vlada Radivojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Altered States Of Consciousness ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Alpha Frequency ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
The Difference

The study of the perception of music is a paramount example of multidisciplinary research. In spite of a lot of theoretical and experimental efforts to understand musical processing, attempts to localize musical abilities in particular brain regions were largely unsuccessful, save for the difference between musicians and non musicians, especially in hemispheric specialization and in EEG correlational dimensions. Having in mind that human emotional response to music and to art in general is limbic dependent, this motivated us to address our question to a similar possible neurobiological origin of musicogenic altered states of consciousness and its possible EEG correlates, “resonantly” induced by deep spiritual music. For example, as in sound-induced altered states of consciousness cultivated in some Eastern yogic practices. The musicogenic states of consciousness are evaluated within a group of 6 adults, upon the influence of 4 types of spiritual music. The most prominent changes in theta or alpha frequency bands were induced in two subjects, upon the influence of Indian spiritual music, Bhajan.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of cognitive evaluation of emotional response in children with disd

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Vladislava Ushakova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Primary School Age

The article is devoted to the problem of cognitive assessment of emotional response in children with mental retardation. The study involved 80 schoolchildren in grades 3-4, including mothers of 40 children with mental retardation and 40 children with normal mental development, the average age of children is 9.1 years. Methods have been developed and implemented, aimed at identifying the characteristic features of the cognitive assessment of emotional response in primary school age. Identified and analyzed the distinctive features of the ability of primary schoolchildren to identify, differentiate, be aware and verbalize emotional reactions in various situations. The difference in understanding, awareness and ability of children to correlate emotional reactions with past situations in life was determined (emotional memory).

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