Pemanfaatan Limbah Kina Masa Lampau dan Pengembangannya

As of today, quinine plants are still found in the Bukit Unggul Plantation, Bandung Regency, which is part of PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII. Quinine is processed in the processing plant located in Bukit Unggul. In general, people have known quinine as an anti-malarial drug in which the ingredients were taken from the bark of the quinine tree trunk, afterward it becomes waste. In the past, quinine waste was used as firewood and building material for offices, factories, and homes for plantation worker. In its development, there were those who use quinine waste to make furniture to meet their own needs. The results showed that the previous idea of using quinine waste inspired people in the future to utilize and develop quinine waste into furniture, in a sense of worth-selling furniture. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the utilization of quinine waste in the past and its development. This is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection was carried out using interview, observation, and documentation studies. The conclusion of the study is that the discourse about quinine became widespread, not only limited to medicine, but also building materials and crafts.

АКАДЕМІЧНІ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ У ПІДГОТОВЦІ ФАХІВЦІВ ДЕКОРАТИВНО-ПРИКЛАДНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА: РИСУНОК

Purpose: to analyze the value of theoretical and practical knowledge and skills obtained in the study of Academic Drawing by students of the Decorative and Appling Art`s Department of the Kosiv Institute of Applying and Decorative Art LNAA. Methodology. Analytical and comprehensive approaches to the subject of research, structural analysis, observation and modeling methods, as well as comparative analysis were used, which made it possible to identify the features of drawing techniques` using in the realization of decorative and applied art projects. Results. The importance of the Drawing in the process of creating and making of decorative and applied art`s projects has been determined. It was revealed that for the realization, analysis of the form, its design (architectonics) and material is of particular importance, while the graphic means characteristic of a drawing is most often used to apply an ornament to the surface of the item. It is also important to sketching, aimed at theoretical comprehension of existing forms; search for new forms and designs in accordance with the previous idea. Special attention to the importance of the drawing in the education of students' aesthetic ideas and the creation of artistic and expressive works of art is paid. Scientific novelty of the paper lies in identifying the theoretical and practical skills and abilities that students of decorative and applied art`s specialties receive in the study of Academic Drawing and how they use them in the creating projects and art works based on the Kosiv Institute of Applying and Decorative Art LNAA. Practical significance. The obtained results into account in the process of teaching special disciplines can be taken, developing guidelines for them, in further scientific research.

NABOKOV VS. DOSTOEVSKY: THE DUALITY OF STANDARDS AND A UNIVERSAL MESSAGE CONVEYED

Literature underwent thousands of phases that caused people to react distinctly to the endless fluid of literary perception. The purpose of this study is to highlight the impact this continuity of changes had and still have on literary criticism. To epitomize the previous idea, we had to juxtapose the lives of two writers who witnessed different eras: Dostoevsky and Nabokov. The two figures experienced their intertwined fates with variant attitudes and welcomed all the occurrences with an open mind, a number of life-changing works sprang up from their collections of events and particularly personal accounts. This paper also aims to psychologically apply the former nuances of Nabokov’s criticism on Dostoevsky on his own writings in order to demonstrate the identical traits of the literary artist. The Jungian Theory served in this sense to bridge the gap between them and emphasize the emergence of the collective unconscious in the literary realm. Keywords: community, criticism, Jungian Theory, collective unconsciousness

Loss of Food Nutrients orchestrated by Cooking Pots: a common trend in developing world

There is abundant evidence that cooking reduces the level of nutrients in foods, but the reductions are exacerbated by among other factors the type of cooking pot used. We conducted a research to determine the influence of various cooking pots on macro and micronutrients of cooked foods. Seven pots and five types of food stuffs were used for the study. The cooking pots used included unpitted aluminum, pitted aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, enamel coated, clay (earthen) and iron-cast while the food stuff were chosen from the major classes of food as to include tubers (yam), cereals (rice), fleshy (beef), vegetables (tomato) and legumes (cowpea). Cooking pot forged from titanium offered best (up to 87.7%) protection (retention) of micronutrients while pitted aluminum pot offered the least retention irrespective of the food sample cooked. Significant portions of food micro nutrients namely vitamin C, vitamin A and selenium were mostly affected compared with the macro nutrients. In the course of our investigations we observed that titanium and enamel coated cooking pots required less quantity of water to get food done. The use of less water to cook transmitted to low (69.67%) moisture content of food cooked in such pots compared to values as high as 76.89% when other pots were used. Food cooked with less water may impact better taste to food since the food is expected to be more nutrient-dense; having considerable lower moisture content. Our research evidenced that cooking pot can have a strong impact on people's morbidity since some pots can aggravate hidden hunger, that is, micronutrient malnutrition. Hidden hunger is a subtle enemy that drains away health and vitality unnoticed until it is too late to reverse. It is crucial to state here that our findings may have turned on its head the previous idea of using pressure pot to cook food. Pots that offered low-pressure cooking (80°C/0.48 bar) was found to preserve the most heat liable (vitamin C and volatiles) nutrients probably because of the lower water boiling temperature and reduced level of oxygen. Our conclusion and recommendation, therefore, is the use of titanium and enamel surface coated cooking pots which offered better protection of food micronutrients among other cooking pots tested. This is a piece of information that is quite vital and beneficial to food consumers, manufacturers of cook wares, operators and key players in the food processing industry.

Unique geological structures of the Law Dome and Vanderford and Totten glaciers region (Wilkes Land) distinguished by geophysical data

Wilkes Land is a key region for Gondwana reconstruction, however it remains one of the largest regions on Earth with poorest knowledge of geology. This study comprehensively reviews the ICECAP/ IceBridge geophysical data for the Law Dome region including Vanderford and Totten adjacent glaciers over Wilkes Land and their role in obtaining new insight on the East Antarctic geology hidden under the ice cover. We analyzed more than 100,000 line kilometers of new magnetic, gravity and subglacial bedrock topography data that are available through the National Snow and Ice Data Center (USA). The newly acquired data supports our previous idea of the continuous rift structure existence at the southern boundary of Law Dome that runs between Vanderford and Totten Glaciers. The rift length exceeds 400 km and width varies from 50 to 100 km. In accordance with results of depth to Moho estimations and density modelling, for axial part of the rift it is characteristic an essential thinning of the Earth crust thickness, it is raised up to 24–26 km and continue to be elevated along entire length of this structure. The thickness of sedimentary rocks within the rift exceeds 3 km, their high density probably evidence that they were formed during Late Paleozoic – Early Mesozoic. The results of our investigations support tectonic nature of this structure as continuous rift developed since the Mesozoic extension phase (~160 Ma) of the Wilkes Land continental margin. Second distinctive structure is the strong reversely magnetized Law Dome magnetic anomaly with an area of about 9,500 km2. This anomaly would map out one of the largest mafic/ultramafic intrusions of the Earth, similar in extent to Norway’s Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion, the Coompana Block gabbro in Australia, or even the granitic-gneiss complex in the Adirondack Mountains of North America.

Cultural and Linguistic Interferences in the Translation of Maus Into Spanish

Comics are a type of literature with an increasing prestige due to the change in the cultural paradigm, which has surpassed the previous idea of underground means of expression. This cultural change took place with the publication of Spiegelman's Maus (Pulitzer Prize 1992). This chapter aims at analyzing the evolution of key terms in Translation Studies regarding cultural issues, from ‘equivalence' to ‘transcreation', and reflecting on the importance given to graphic novels since Spiegelman's work. The author analyzes the two Spanish translations published till the date, which have remarkable differences between them, in order to reach homogeneous proposals to reflect linguistic and cultural interferences when translating this graphic novel into Spanish, essential for the adequate understanding of Maus.

Average Gait Differential Image Based Human Recognition

The difference between adjacent frames of human walking contains useful information for human gait identification. Based on the previous idea a silhouettes difference based human gait recognition method named as average gait differential image (AGDI) is proposed in this paper. The AGDI is generated by the accumulation of the silhouettes difference between adjacent frames. The advantage of this method lies in that as a feature image it can preserve both the kinetic and static information of walking. Comparing to gait energy image (GEI), AGDI is more fit to representation the variation of silhouettes during walking. Two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) is used to extract features from the AGDI. Experiments on CASIA dataset show that AGDI has better identification and verification performance than GEI. Comparing to PCA, 2DPCA is a more efficient and less memory storage consumption feature extraction method in gait based recognition.

Stardust silicate nucleation kick-started by SiO+TiO 2

Dust particles are quintessential for the chemical evolution of the Universe. Dust nucleates in stellar outflows of dying stars and subsequently travels through the interstellar medium, continuously evolving via energetic processing, collisions and condensation. Finally, dust particles are incorporated in the next-generation star or its surrounding planetary system. In oxygen-rich stellar outflows, silicates are observed in the condensation zone (1200–1000 K), but, in spite of several decades of experimental and theoretical study, the stardust nucleation process remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that under these conditions ternary Mg–Si–O clusters may start forming at high enough rates from SiO, Mg and H 2 O through heteromolecular association processes. In this reaction scheme, none of the possible initial association reactions was thermodynamically favourable owing to the large entropy loss at these temperatures. Here, we follow a previous idea that the incorporation of TiO 2 could help to initiate stardust nucleation. In contrast to these studies, we find that there is no need for TiO 2 cluster seeds—instead, one molecule of TiO 2 is sufficient to kick-start the subsequent nucleation of a silicate dust particle.

Drag Reduction of Tractor-Trailers Using Optimized Add-On Devices

Tractor-trailers have a higher drag coefficient than other vehicles due to their bluff-body shape. Numerous add-on devices have been invented to help reduce drag and fuel consumption. The current research extends our previous idea of add-on humps and investigates their effect in conjunction with curved boat-tail flaps. Computational fluid dynamics in the form of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and detached-eddy simulations were used to determine viable design strategies. A 3D baseline computational model was constructed using an Ahmed body. Design optimization was applied on the new add-on devices. The results from the optimized design were shown to have a 50.9% reduction in drag coefficient.

A note on Lower Jurassic magmatism in the Coastal Cordillera of Atacama, Chile

Radiometric dates on specimens of plutons of the Coastal Cordillera of Atacama span the period 300–110 Ma. A group of dates cluster around 190 Ma and evidence is presented which strongly suggests that they represent near crystallization ages. The geographic distribution of these plutons, adjacent to Liassic tuffs and lavas (Pan de Azúcar and Posada de los Hidalgo formations), suggests a genetic relationship between them, and that the plutons were the roots of the Lower Jurassic volcanic chain. The location of these granitoids to the west of the Liassic volcanic rocks, favours a previous idea that the Liassic basin extended eastwards as a back-arc or intra-arc basin. The host rocks to the Lower Jurassic plutons include Palaeozoic granitoids and metasedimentary rocks, indicating that the volcanic chain was founded on continental crust. The distance from the Liassic plutons to the present-day trench is less than 100 km, which indicates the possibility that part of the arc-trench system of that time is missing.