scholarly journals Standardisation Versus Cultural Adaptation: The Case of Language of Advertisements in Turkish and German

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Rezvani Kalajahi ◽  
Elif Capan Kizilduman ◽  
Vedia Hayran ◽  
Sehnaz Ückayabasi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advertising Message ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
International Advertising ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Core Message ◽  
Country Specific

In the course of globalization, there are more and more companies that sell their products internationally. In particular international branded products have achieved a major upturn in the Turkish and German markets in recent years. A functioning international advertising is one domain where it is significant to distinguish between standardized - formally and content wise identical - and differentiated -adapted to the respective country. On the other hand, it is questionable whether standardization can be successfully implemented in all countries. Numerous factors with regard to country-specific characteristics - such as culture, underlying values and the form of society - play an important role here. The foundation of standardization is formed by an identical core message in all countries and has the goal of addressing and indirectly influencing the audience. Thus, an advertising message represents the decision-maker about the (in) efficiency of the advertisement or (non-) consumption of the product. Today, the product is attached to less functional, but mainly subjective characteristics that are supposed to cause emotions. This is especially true for branded products, as they try to build trust and build a bond with the consumer. Nevertheless, since often formal and content elements of the commercial - depending on the culture - can cause different interpretations and emotions, special attention must be paid to country-specific features and differences, especially when designing standardized commercials. However, it is possible to circumvent these cultural peculiarities by resorting to universal appeals. With this viewpoint, the present study aims to find out to what extent commercials are standardized or culturally adapted within the context of international comparison between Turkey and Germany.

Remnants of Virgil, Ovid, and Paul in Titus Andronicus

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Catherine Winiarski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Titus Andronicus ◽  
Model Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Post War ◽  
Made In

Employing Linda Hutcheon’s analogy between biological and cultural adaptation, this chapter analyzes how the survivors of the Roman-Gothic war in Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus adapt figures and narratives of the survivor—or remnant—from Virgil, Ovid, and St. Paul as strategic models in the covert, post-war feud of the play’s action. Titus assumes Virgil’s model of the remnant as non-regenerative and stoic; Tamora, on the other hand, employs Ovid’s regenerative and vengeful model, and eventually converts Titus to it. Their violent conflict and absorption in their revenge plots form the conditions for the emergence of a different kind of remnant: the remaining Romans and Goths who, according to a Pauline model, form a new incorporated community. The formation of this community arguably speaks to the context of the Protestant Reformation in Shakespeare’s England, in which violent excisions were made in the name of a latter-day Pauline community.

On the Framing of Multiple Prospects

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Redelmeier ◽  
Amos Tversky
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Separate Event ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Case Basis

We investigated decisions involving multiple independent uncertain prospects. At the extremes, a decision maker may either consider each prospect as a separate event (segregation) or evaluate the overall distribution of outcomes (aggregation). Contrary to choice by segregation, people sometimes reject a single gamble but accept a repeated play. On the other hand, people tend to choose by segregation when a particular gamble is singled out from a larger ensemble. Similarly, physicians make different choices when they evaluate problems on a case-by-case basis than when they consider the broader picture. Peoples' tendency to segregate multiple prospects represents a significant violation of the standard theory of rational choice.

scholarly journals The Role of Emirates Credit Information Law in Organizing Credit Information to Serve Islamic Banking Finance Companies

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Hani Mounes Awad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Information Law

The bank shall assess its client’s creditworthiness; assess the extent to which the client requesting the financing is eligible to be granted the bank’s financing or not. Assessing such eligibility shall be based on real reasons and facts so the bank could defend such responsibility in case of prosecution, based on its decision to approve or reject funding and its justified reasons and facts. On the other hand, the credit decision maker should be familiar with the previous transaction financing, because such information contributes to the formation of an opinion of the decision maker that in turn determines the offer of the fund or not. So, the credit information is the base for the decision maker upon which the idea about the customer’s eligibility who demands credit funding is formed. The Emirati legislative significantly contribute to the literature of credit information, through establishing a specialized company which monopoly credit information operation. Such credit information report offers the banks several benefits due to the abundance of information contained obtained from the companies several information suppliers. Such matter leads to information abundance needed by the report, enabling the credit decision-maker to assess the client’s eligibility, where the company’s provider abides by providing true information.

scholarly journals Constrained Multiobjective Equilibrium Optimizer Algorithm for Solving Combined Economic Emission Dispatch Problem

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
M. A. El-Shorbagy ◽  
A. A. Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Pareto Set ◽  
The Other ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
Emission Dispatch ◽  
Economic Emission Dispatch

This research implements a recent evolutionary-based algorithm of equilibrium optimizer to resolve the constrained combined economic emission dispatch problem. This problem has two objective functions that represent the minimizing of generation costs and minimizing the emission of environmental pollution caused by generators. The proposed algorithm integrates the dominant criteria for multiobjective functions that allow the decision-maker to detect all the Pareto boundaries of constrained combined economic emission dispatch problem. In order to save the effort for the decision-maker to select the best compromise alternative, a cluster study was carried out to minimize the size of the Pareto boundary to an acceptable size, representing all the characteristics of the main Pareto frontier. On the other hand, in order to deal with the infringement of constraints, a repair algorithm was used to preserve the viability of the particles. The proposed algorithm is applied to solve the standard 30-bus IEEE system with 6 generators to validate its robustness and efficiency to produce a well-distributed Pareto frontier for constrained combined economic emission dispatch problem. Compared with other studies, good results in solving constrained combined economic emission dispatch problem are obtained and a reasonable reduced Pareto set is found.

scholarly journals The Role of Emirates Credit Information Law in Organizing Credit Information to Serve Islamic Banking Finance Companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Hani Mounes Awad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Information Law

The bank shall assess its client’s creditworthiness; assess the extent to which the client requesting the financing is eligible to be granted the bank’s financing or not. Assessing such eligibility shall be based on real reasons and facts so the bank could defend such responsibility in case of prosecution, based on its decision to approve or reject funding and its justified reasons and facts. On the other hand, the credit decision maker should be familiar with the previous transaction financing, because such information contributes to the formation of an opinion of the decision maker that in turn determines the offer of the fund or not. So, the credit information is the base for the decision maker upon which the idea about the customer’s eligibility who demands credit funding is formed. The Emirati legislative significantly contribute to the literature of credit information, through establishing a specialized company which monopoly credit information operation. Such credit information report offers the banks several benefits due to the abundance of information contained obtained from the companies several information suppliers. Such matter leads to information abundance needed by the report, enabling the credit decision-maker to assess the client’s eligibility, where the company’s provider abides by providing true information.

scholarly journals Measuring and Comparing Two Kinds of Rationalizable Opportunity Cost in Mixture Models

Games ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
James R. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mixture Models ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Choice Rule ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Probabilistic Choice ◽  
Other Hand

In experiments of decision-making under risk, structural mixture models allow us to take a menu of theories about decision-making to the data, estimating the fraction of people who behave according to each model. While studies using mixture models typically focus only on how prevalent each of these theories is in people’s decisions, they can also be used to assess how much better this menu of theories organizes people’s utility than does just one theory on its own. I develop a framework for calculating and comparing two kinds of rationalizable opportunity cost from these mixture models. The first is associated with model mis-classification: How much worse off is a decision-maker if they are forced to behave according to model A, when they are in fact a model B type? The second relates to the mixture model’s probabilistic choice rule: How much worse off are subjects because they make probabilistic, rather than deterministic, choices? If the first quantity dominates, then one can conclude that model a constitutes an economically significant departure from model B in the utility domain. On the other hand, if the second cost dominates, then models a and B have similar utility implications. I demonstrate this framework on data from an existing experiment on decision-making under risk.

scholarly journals A New Application for the Goal Programming—The Target Decision Rule for Uncertain Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Helena Gaspars-Wieloch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Rule ◽  
Goal Programming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Novel Method

The goal programming (GP) is a well-known approach applied to multi-criteria decision making (M-DM). It has been used in many domains and the literature offers diverse extensions of this procedure. On the other hand, so far, some evident analogies between M-DM under certainty and scenario-based one-criterion decision making under uncertainty (1-DMU) have not been revealed in the literature. These similarities give the possibility to adjust the goal programming to an entirely new domain. The purpose of the paper is to create a novel method for uncertain problems on the basis of the GP ideas. In order to achieve this aim we carefully examine the analogies occurring between the structures of both issues (M-DM and 1-DMU). We also analyze some differences resulting from a different interpretation of the data. By analogy to the goal programming, four hybrids for 1-DMU are formulated. They differ from each other in terms of the type of the decision maker considered (pessimist, optimist, moderate). The new decision rule may be helpful when solving uncertain problems since it is especially designed for neutral criteria, which are not taken into account in existing procedures developed for 1-DMU.

scholarly journals The Ranking of Districts in Ouagadougou by the Risk of Flood and Runoff Using the PROMETHEE

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1731-1743
Author(s):  
Jacob Wendpanga Yougbaré
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Promethee Ii ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Risk ◽  
The Impact

PROMETHEE methods are used for analyzing the risk of flood runoff in urban areas of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. 12 criteria are considered to calculate preference indices of the districts. We generated, on one hand, weights associated to these criteria taking into account hypotheses relatively to the importance or to the impact of each criterion evaluating the risk of flood runoff and on the other hand, we used the PROMETHEE methods to analyze this decision’s problem with its diverse criteria. The PROMETHEE I and PROMETHEE II are used ranking the districts in relation with the degree of risk of flood runoff.  This ranking is permitted by the calculated preference indices. Our aim is, on one hand   showing to the potential decision-maker the importance of such a multi-criteria analysis and on the other hand, of verifying the coherence of the hypotheses with the obtained weights.

scholarly journals Guardianship and Health Decisions in China and Australia: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy WILLMOTT ◽  
Ben WHITE ◽  
Christopher STACKPOOLE ◽  
Shih-Ning THEN ◽  
Hongjie MAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Decisions ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Do So

AbstractThis article compares the Australian and Chinese adult guardianship systems, and considers whether there is potential for drawing on some (or many) aspects of the Australian model for the Chinese legal framework. Australia has a well-developed guardianship framework that provides mechanisms for making healthcare decisions when an adult is no longer able to do so. This framework has evolved over many years and, in some cases, individuals can decide about medical treatment in advance of the situation arising, or who should be the decision-maker if he or she later loses capacity. The current Chinese legal framework, on the other hand, is a fragmented one and comprises laws that were not designed to deal with how healthcare decisions can be made for a person without capacity. This article outlines the legal framework in both jurisdictions and considers whether, having regard to the fact that these two countries have different values and cultures, there are features of the Australian guardianship system that could inform the development of Chinese law.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

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