Chapter Thirteen. Policy Implications of Droughts and Food Insecurity in Malawi and Zambia (7-3)

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-174
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Policy Implications

scholarly journals The Effect of International Trade on Food Security at Southeast Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

For decades, although the world has made significant progress in the fight against hunger, food insecurity has been considered as the top concern of countries, especially developing countries. In this study, we use panel data of 10 Southeast Asian countries for the period from 2000-2015 to evaluate the effect of international trade on food security. Applying panel data regression methods such as fixed effects model (FE), random effects model (RE), and feasible generalized least squares model (FGLS), the results show the positive impact of international trade on food security on all three aspects of food availability, stability, and access at each country. Besides, other factors such as agricultural productivity, the share of agricultural land over the total land area, percentage of farmers in total population, and inflation also affect to food security of Southeast Asian countries on several aspects. Based on the results, we propose some policy implications for Southeast Asian countries to deal with food insecurity problems.

scholarly journals Exploring Household Food Security and Malnutrition Risk with Psychosocial Indicators of Healthy Ageing in Place: The Food Train - Eat Well Age Well Partnership Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Reid ◽  
catherine lido ◽  
Hannah Ross ◽  
Michelle Carruthers ◽  
Laura Cairns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Household Food Security

In Scotland, and United Kingdom, there are stark inequalities in the experience of older age, particularly for those with limited social contact, poorer health, located in deprived neighbourhoods (Centre for Ageing Better 2015). This mixed-methodology research, reports survey findings with n=169 community dwelling older adults in Scotland (average age 79.5), supported with qualitative interviews to evidence the underexplored connection between food insecurity and physiological risk indicators of undernutrition (malnutrition), with psychosocial indicators of healthy ageing. Findings are grounded in collaboration with a third sector social enterprise – Food Train, who provide food shopping and volunteer meal making for those aged 65+. Findings revealed correlations between food insecurity and early indicators of malnutrition risk with poorer wellbeing, and social connectedness. Supported food access mitigates the negative cycle of food insecurity on mental health, via empowerment (locus of control) over one’s life. Qualitative findings suggest that risks of food insecurity may not be financial (food poverty), or attributable to health realities associated with ageing. Rather, psychosocial health and wellbeing diverge as older adults attempt to draw upon available resources, reflective of their own social capital. Mitigators of malnutrition risk includes empowerment through social care located in the third sector, as well as social aspects of food access e.g. social eating, warranting future investigation. These findings are considered post Covid-19, with key policy implications.

A fresh look at calorie-income elasticities in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Nie ◽  
Alfonso Sousa-Poza
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use data from the 1991 to 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) to analyze how income in China is related to calorie intake. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a variety of parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric methods for cross-sectional and panel data, and estimates calorie-income elasticities for adults aged 18-60. Findings – The calorie-income elasticities are generally small, ranging from −0.031 to 0.022. In addition, the results show no clear nonlinearity, regardless of whether parametric, nonparametric, or semiparametric approaches are used. Originality/value – Using a wealth of estimation techniques, including parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric approaches, this paper addresses some of the main methodological challenges encountered in estimating calorie-income elasticities. The magnitudes of calorie-income elasticities have policy implications especially with regards to the effectiveness of income-mediated policies aimed at combating food insecurity in China.

scholarly journals The Resilience of Smallholder Livestock Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Risks Imbedded in Rural Livestock Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Leon Gwaka ◽  
Job Dubihlela
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Livestock Farmers

Smallholder livestock farmers (SLF) are important in research and policy development agenda because of the everlasting issue of food insecurity and the livelihoods in sub-Sahara Africa. Lack of access to technologies and information, poor infrastructure and lack of access to markets and environmental factors play a key role in deterring sustainable smallholder livestock farming. In recent years, studies have provided evidence that livestock species can play a role towards solving household food insecurity and enhancing Africa’s resilient livelihoods, particularly in rural settings. However, no studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of emerging technologies (available information technologies) as risk mitigation tools for smallholder livestock farmers. The study used survey data from 278 interviewer-administered questionnaires and 13 in-depth interviews village herds from Dumba, Mapayi, Old Nuli and Shabwe to explore whether rural SLF would use the emerging technologies to enhance their operations, and mitigate supply chain risk, exposures to stock theft and loss. Empirical results show the overwhelming need for the use of emerging technologies by the SLF, and that emerging technologies have significant and positive effects on the risk management activities. SLF indicated that, using digital technologies, they could enhance their risk mitigation and value chains. The results of the study have several policy implications. For instance, the agricultural comparative advantage should be improved through various emerging agricultural technologies. Moreover, the immediate rural development service networks for SLF could be strengthened through the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform to reduce livestock risk exposures, disasters and market reactions. Although rural livestock farming in Beitbridge has survived over the years at a subsistence level, the paper provides some interesting and pertinent findings, and projects some possible future research pathways.

scholarly journals Drivers and Constraints to the Adoption of Organic Leafy Vegetable Production in Nigeria: A Livelihood Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelili Adegboyega Adebiyi ◽  
Laura Schmitt Olabisi ◽  
Robert Richardson ◽  
Lenis Saweda O Liverpool-Tasie ◽  
Kathleen Delate
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Adoption Decision ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Farming Households

Nigeria, the seventh most populous country in the world, is plagued by livelihood challenges such as poverty and food insecurity, which are more pervasive among farming households and rural communities. Organic farming is being promoted by some domestic non-governmental organizations as a means of addressing the problem of poverty and food insecurity among farming households and rural communities in the country. Promoters consider organic farming to be well-suited to smallholder farmers’ socio-economic conditions in Nigeria, and that it can help improve their livelihood conditions through increased agricultural productivity and farm income. However, the adoption of the technology by smallholder farmers has been underwhelming, for reasons yet to be studied. Using a livelihood framework and through a case study of farmers in Ibadan, Oyo State, this study qualitatively explores and provides insights into the factors that influence, constrain, and gender the adoption of organic farming in Nigeria. Overall, it was found that a mix of factors, which include institutional considerations, farmers’ livelihood assets and vulnerability contexts, their livelihood activities, and gender-related variables shaped adoption decision-making. The policy implications of the findings were outlined.

scholarly journals Food security and food quality among vanilla farmers in Madagascar: the role of contract farming and livestock keeping

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Noromalala Andriamparany ◽  
Hendrik Hänke ◽  
Eva Schlecht
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe northeastern SAVA region of Madagascar is the largest vanilla producing area in the world and is flourishing due to a large global demand for natural vanilla. Although the general socio-economic situation has regionally improved because of high vanilla prices, little is known about the nutritional status of local vanilla farmers. We used a 12-month longitudinal food survey to analyze food security, food consumption and nutrient intake of local vanilla farming households (n = 140). Food consumption data was complemented with baseline, agro-economic, longitudinal and field-plot information to determine factors influencing food security, and the contribution of protein from Animal Source Food (ASF_protein) to household nutrition using a stepwise generalized linear model. Results show a high level (74%) of food insecurity and micronutrient deficiency but an acceptable level of protein intake among surveyed households. Consumption of rice, the principal source of carbohydrates, is stable across the year. Compared to other regions in Madagascar, local diets are moderately diversified with an acceptable share of ASF_protein (about 50%). Household size (P < 0.001) and cash income from rice sales (P < 0.001) were the most important factors influencing the food security index (FSI), while cash crop income (P < 0.01) and number of income sources (P < 0.01) were more important in the explanation of the dietary share of ASF_protein. Yet, neither livestock ownership nor contracting with vanilla buyers/exporters did improve food security of the surveyed households. Households who concluded contracts were significantly less food secure than non-contracting households (P = 0.01) with seasonal fluctuations across the year. Policy implications of our findings are that, although many actors of the vanilla value chain run social and environmental programs in the SAVA region, more needs to be done to improve diet quality at household level and strengthen farmers’ resilience to food insecurity.

scholarly journals Understanding Lived Experiences of Food Insecurity through a Paraliminality Lens

Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852110034
Author(s):  
Caroline Moraes ◽  
Morven G McEachern ◽  
Andrea Gibbons ◽  
Lisa Scullion
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Agency And Structure

This article examines lived experiences of food insecurity in the United Kingdom as a liminal phenomenon. Our research is set within the context of austerity measures, welfare reform and the precarity experienced by increasing numbers of individuals. Drawing on original qualitative data, we highlight diverse food insecurity experiences as transitional, oscillating between phases of everyday food access to requiring supplementary food, which are both empowering and reinforcing of food insecurity. We make three original contributions to existing research on food insecurity. First, we expand the scope of empirical research by conceptualising food insecurity as liminal. Second, we illuminate shared social processes and practices that intersect individual agency and structure, co-constructing people’s experiences of food insecurity. Third, we extend liminality theory by conceptualising paraliminality, a hybrid of liminal and liminoid phenomena that co-generates a persistent liminal state. Finally, we highlight policy implications that go beyond short-term emergency food access measures.

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