scholarly journals The importance of spawning behavior in understanding the vulnerability of exploited marine fishes in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11814
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Biggs ◽  
William D. Heyman ◽  
Nicholas A. Farmer ◽  
Shin’ichi Kobara ◽  
Derek G. Bolser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
The U.S

The vulnerability of a fish stock to becoming overfished is dependent upon biological traits that influence productivity and external factors that determine susceptibility or exposure to fishing effort. While a suite of life history traits are traditionally incorporated into management efforts due to their direct association with vulnerability to overfishing, spawning behavioral traits are seldom considered. We synthesized the existing biological and fisheries information of 28 fish stocks in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico to investigate relationships between life history traits, spawning behavioral traits, management regulations, and vulnerability to fishing during the spawning season. Our results showed that spawning behavioral traits were not correlated with life history traits but improved identification of species that have been historically overfished. Species varied widely in their intrinsic vulnerability to fishing during spawning in association with a broad range of behavioral strategies. Extrinsic vulnerability was high for nearly all species due to exposure to fishing during the spawning season and few management measures in place to protect spawning fish. Similarly, several species with the highest vulnerability scores were historically overfished in association with spawning aggregations. The most vulnerable species included several stocks that have not been assessed and should be prioritized for further research and monitoring. Collectively, the results of this study illustrate that spawning behavior is a distinct aspect of fish ecology that is important to consider for predictions of vulnerability and resilience to fisheries exploitation.

scholarly journals Impact of global warming scenarios on life-history traits of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

BMC Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureldin Abuelfadl Ghazy ◽  
Tetsuo Gotoh ◽  
Takeshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Tetranychus Evansi ◽  
Future Global Warming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Summer Temperatures

Abstract Background The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae), is an agricultural pest of solanaceous crops. Although T. evansi is of South American subtropical origin, it has recently expanded its distribution range to many tropical and temperate areas around the world. Its potential distribution range in response to scenarios of global warming was recently modeled, confirming its current and possible future distributions. Here, we experimentally investigated the biological traits of T. evansi in the context of the current and future global warming (2100) scenarios. Using an environmental simulation system, we tested the life-history traits of T. evansi under current summer temperatures (as of June, July, and August 2016) and under expected temperature increases based on two IPCC scenarios: RCP2.6 (+ 1 °C) and RCP8.5 (+ 3.7 °C). The mites were introduced into each scenario on 1 June and their sequential progeny were used for testing in each following month. Results The mite could develop and reproduce under all scenarios. There was a decrease in the duration of lifespan and female fecundity at RCP8.5 during June and August, but this may be compensated for by the high intrinsic rate of increase, which implies faster population growth and shorter generation time. Conclusion Our study and other reports reveal the high adaptability of T. evansi to a wide range of summer temperatures; this may explain its current distribution. We anticipate that global warming will favor the spread of T. evansi and may further expand its distribution to a large area of the globe. These findings should be of ecological and practical relevance for designing prevention and control strategies.

scholarly journals Size-based theory for fisheries advice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K H Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Gear Selectivity ◽  
Stock Assessments

Abstract Fisheries science and management is founded upon the Beverton–Holt theory of fish stock demography. The theory uses age as the structuring variable; however, there are several reasons to use body size as the structuring variable. Most of the processes that affect a fish are determined by its body size rather than its age: consumption, mortality, maturation, fecundity, fish gear selectivity, etc., and measurements of body size are easy, accurate, and abundant. Here, I review size-based theory of a fish stock and compare it to classic age-based theory. I show that size- and age-based demography are equivalent representations of demography. However, size-based theory is axiomatic, which leads to a deeper theory with two advantages: predictions need fewer parameters than age-based theory and the theory connects directly to life-history traits. The connection with traits makes size-based theory particularly useful for data-poor application and facilitates evolutionary calculations. I compare age- and size-based theories for fisheries impact and stock assessments and provide a perspective on the challenges and future of single-stock theory.

Latitudinal variation in life-history traits of bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo, (Carcharhiniformes : Sphyrnidae) from the eastern Gulf of Mexico

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Lombardi-Carlson ◽  
Enric Cortés ◽  
Glenn R. Parsons ◽  
Charles A. Manire
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Latitudinal Variation ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
North West ◽  
Sphyrna Tiburo ◽  
Near Term

Life-history traits (size at age, growth rates, size and age at maturity, size of near-term embryos and litter sizes) of bonnetheads, Sphyrna tiburo, were analysed to test for latitudinal differences by comparing data collected from three areas along Florida's Gulf of Mexico coastline between March 1998 and September 2000. A total of 539 sharks were collected during the study: 207 in north-west Florida (latitude ~30�N), 176 in Tampa Bay (~28�N) and 156 in Florida Bay (~25�N). Male and female bonnetheads in north-west Florida had the largest predicted asymptotic sizes (1007�mm and 1398�mm TL, respectively) and attained the largest estimated median size at maturity (830�mm and 944�mm, respectively) and the oldest estimated median age at maturity (3.0+�years and 4.0+�years, respectively). The largest near-term embryos (297�mm TL) were also collected at the highest latitude, but no latitudinal difference in litter size was found. These differences in life-history traits provide supporting evidence that a pattern of latitudinal variation exists. Male and female bonnetheads in north-west Florida also had the fastest growth rate compared with the other locations, supporting the hypothesis that growth rate is inversely related to the length of the growing season (i.e. a pattern of countergradient variation exists).

scholarly journals A Description of Age, Growth, and Reproductive Life History Traits of Scamps from the Northern Gulf of Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Lombardi-Carlson ◽  
Melissa Cook ◽  
Hope Lyon ◽  
Beverly Barnett ◽  
Lew Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Northern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Reproductive Life History

scholarly journals Commensalism, adaptation and gene flow: mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex in different habitats

1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chevillon ◽  
Roger Eritja ◽  
Nicole Pasteur ◽  
Michel Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Disruptive Selection ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Culex Pipiens Complex

SummaryTwo ecotypes have been described for Culex pipiens mosquitoes of the temperate zone: a human commensal type and a feral type, but their degree of evolutionary differentiation and taxonomic status are still unclear. The commensal form is characterized by life-history traits probably adaptive to underground man-made environments. This situation has sometimes been considered as an example of recent speciation although the existence of intermediate forms indicates that the balance between gene flow and disruptive selection should first be assessed. The present study was concerned with (1) the determination of biological traits involved in adaptation to commensalism, and (2) the pattern of gene flow within and between ecotypes in a restricted area. It was found that (1) significant differences in biological traits exist between mosquitoes from different habitats, (2) characteristics of the commensal type are not universal in mosquitoes from underground man-made habitats, (3) allozyme markers do not clearly differentiate ecotypes and (4) insecticide resistance genes, which reveal recent migration, occur in each ecotype. These results are discussed in the context of possible speciation due to commensalism.

scholarly journals Breeding in the pandemic: short-term lockdown restrictions do not alter reproductive decisions and avian life-history traits in a European capital city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Corsini ◽  
Zuzanna Jagiello ◽  
Michal Walesiak ◽  
Michal Redlisiak ◽  
Ignacy Stadnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Human Presence

Humans are transforming natural habitats into managed urban green areas and impervious surfaces with unprecedented pace. Yet the effects of human presence per se on animal life-history traits are rarely tested. This is particularly true in cities, where human presence is often indissociable from urbanisation itself. The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, along with the resulting lockdown restrictions, offered a unique, “natural experiment” context to investigate wildlife responses to a sudden reduction of human activities. We analysed four years of avian breeding data collected in a European capital city to test whether lockdown measures altered nestbox occupancy and life-history traits in two urban adapters: great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Lockdown measures, which modulated human presence, did not influence any of the life-history traits inferred. In contrast, tree cover, a distinct ecological attribute of the urban space, positively influenced clutch size, a key avian life-history and reproductive trait. This highlights the importance of habitat and food webs over human activity on animal reproduction in cities. We discuss our results in the light of other urban wildlife studies carried out during the pandemic, inviting the scientific community to carefully interpret all lockdown - associated shifts in biological traits.

scholarly journals Breeding in the Pandemic: Short-Term Lockdown Restrictions Do Not Alter Reproductive Decisions and Avian Life-History Traits in a European Capital City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Corsini ◽  
Zuzanna Jagiello ◽  
Michał Walesiak ◽  
Michał Redlisiak ◽  
Ignacy Stadnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Human Presence

Abstract Humans are transforming natural habitats into managed urban green areas and impervious surfaces with unprecedented pace. Yet the effects of human presence per se on animal life-history traits are rarely tested. This is particularly true in cities, where human presence is often indissociable from urbanisation itself. The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, along with the resulting lockdown restrictions, offered a unique, “natural experiment” context to investigate wildlife responses to a sudden reduction of human activities. We analysed four years of avian breeding data collected in a European capital city to test whether lockdown measures altered nestbox occupancy and life-history traits in two urban adapters: great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). Lockdown measures, which modulated human presence, did not influence any of the life-history traits inferred. In contrast, tree cover, a distinct ecological attribute of the urban space, positively influenced clutch size, a key avian life-history and reproductive trait. This highlights the importance of habitat and food webs over human activity on animal reproduction in cities. We discuss our results in the light of other urban wildlife studies carried out during the pandemic, inviting the scientific community to carefully interpret all lockdown - associated shifts in biological traits.

scholarly journals Polyandry is extremely rare in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyosi Sato ◽  
Sei-Ichiro Tsuda ◽  
Nur E Alam ◽  
Tomohiro Sasanami ◽  
Yoko Iwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Symmetric Distribution ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Female Remating ◽  
Random Placement ◽  
The Mean

AbstractAlthough polygamy has versatile benefits for both sexes, many species favor monogamy for reasons with the clarity or unclarity. In cephalopods, all species are regarded to be polygamous, which could be attributed to their common life-history traits. Contrary to this prediction, we show empirical evidence for monogamy in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans. The peak spawning season comes after male disappearance owning to long-reserved spermatangia deposited by male at exact locations (bilateral pouches under neck collar) on female with a symmetric distribution. Such a non-random placement of spermatangia prompted us to hypothesize that females engage in lifetime monoandry. Hence we assigned genotypes of female-stored spermatangia and offspring. We found that in 94.7 % females, the spermatangia were delivered from a single male and all embryos in the same egg string sired by sperm from stored spermatangia. Throughout the season, relative testes mass was much smaller in W. scintillans than all other cephalopods previously examined. The mean number of male-stored spermatophores was approximately 30, the equivalent to 2.5 mates. Our demographic and morphometrical data agree with the prediction that monogyny is favored when potential mates are scarce such as absence of female remating. Together, these results suggest the likelihood of mutual monogamy.

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