scholarly journals Pair formation, home range, and spatial variation in density, size and social status in blotched foxfaceSiganus unimaculatuson an Okinawan coral reef

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Nanami
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Reef Slope ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Seagrass Bed ◽  
Agonistic Display

The present study examined pair formation, spatial pattern of home range and spatial variation in density, size and social status of blotched foxfaceSiganus unimaculatus(family Siganidae) on an Okinawan coral reef. Of 32 pairs sampled for sexing, 31 (96.9%) were heterosexual and showed size-assortative pairing. Developed ovaries were found in April and July, whereas oocytes were immature in August, September and February. Heterosexual pairing was found in both reproductive and non-reproductive periods. Home range size tended to be positively related to fork length (FL). The degree of home range overlap for same size class pairs was smaller than that for different size class pairs. The intraspecific behavior when two pairs approached each other was categorized as ‘attack,’ ‘agonistic display’ and ‘no interactions,’ and the frequency of agonistic behaviors (“attack” or “agonistic display”) was significantly greater than “no interactions.” Underwater observations at a seagrass bed, a rocky reef flat and a sheltered reef slope revealed that the mean FL was significantly smaller at the sheltered reef slope (4–13 cm) than at the rocky reef flat (>13 cm). No individuals were found in the seagrass bed. Most individuals less than 6 cm FL were solitary, whereas most individuals over 7 cm FL were paired. Density was significantly greater on the sheltered reef slope than on the rocky reef flat.

scholarly journals HARD CORAL (SCLERACTINIA) RECRUITMENT BASED ON THE GEOMORPHOLOGY ZONE IN BINTAN ISLAND WATERS, RIAU ISLANDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Nurhasima ◽  
Aditya Hikmat Nugraha ◽  
Dedy Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Life Form ◽  
T Test ◽  
Reef Slope ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Line Parallel ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems

The health of coral reef ecosystems can be seen through the emergence of coral recruitment. Aim of this research was to compared the scleractinia coral recruitment list based on genus, life form, and variations in size of the scleractinia coral recuit in the waters of Kampung Baru Lagoi and Teluk Bakau Village, Bintan Regency by geomorfology zone. The research was conducted using a Purposive sampling method in consideration of the presence of scleractinia coral in reef flat and reef slope areas using a 1x1 m square frame mounted along a 70 m transverse line parallel to the shoreline. Research has found 164 colonies of 24 genus dominated by Favia and Favites. Based on the most extensive life form of Coral encrusting and Coral massive variations in size 4.5-6 cm or medium category. The results of t test showed that the geomorphological differences in the research locations did not have a significant impact on the abundance of corals recruitment

scholarly journals Impacts of ocean acidification in naturally variable coral reef flat ecosystems

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (C3) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Shaw ◽  
Ben I. McNeil ◽  
Bronte Tilbrook
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Reef Flat

scholarly journals Carbonate System Parameters of an Algal-dominated Reef along West Maui

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Prouty ◽  
Kimberly K. Yates ◽  
Nathan Smiley ◽  
Chris Gallagher ◽  
Olivia Cheriton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Carbon Chemistry ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Seawater Ph ◽  
Chemistry Dynamics

Abstract. Constraining coral reef metabolism and carbon chemistry dynamics are fundamental for understanding and predicting reef vulnerability to rising coastal CO2 concentrations and decreasing seawater pH. However, few studies exist along reefs occupying densely inhabited shorelines with known input from land-based sources of pollution. The shallow coral reefs off Kahekili, West Maui, are exposed to nutrient-enriched, low-pH submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and are particularly vulnerable to the compounding stressors from land-based sources of pollution and lower seawater pH. To constrain the carbonate chemistry system, nutrients and carbonate chemistry were measured along the Kahekili reef flat every 4 h over a 6-d sampling period in March 2016. Abiotic process – primarily SGD fluxes – controlled the carbonate chemistry adjacent to the primary SGD vent site, with nutrient-laden freshwater decreasing pH levels and favoring undersaturated aragonite saturation (Ωarag) conditions. In contrast, diurnal variability in the carbonate chemistry at other sites along the reef flat was driven by reef community metabolism. Superimposed on the diurnal signal was a transition during the second sampling period to a surplus of total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) compared to ocean end-member TA and DIC measurements. A shift from net community production and calcification to net respiration and carbonate dissolution was identified. This transition occurred during a period of increased SGD-driven nutrient loading, lower wave height, and reduced current speeds. This detailed study of carbon chemistry dynamics highlights the need to incorporate local effects of nearshore oceanographic processes into predictions of coral reef vulnerability and resilience.

Mass-transfer-limited nitrate uptake on a coral reef flat, Warraber Island, Torres Strait, Australia

Coral Reefs ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Baird ◽  
Moninya Roughan ◽  
Robert W. Brander ◽  
Jason H. Middleton ◽  
Greg J. Nippard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Torres Strait

Bioeroding sponge assemblages: the importance of substrate availability and sediment

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Marlow ◽  
Christine H.L. Schönberg ◽  
Simon K. Davy ◽  
Abdul Haris ◽  
Jamaluddin Jompa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Coral Mortality ◽  
Substrate Availability ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Reef Health

Despite global deterioration of coral reef health, not all reef-associated organisms are in decline. Bioeroding sponges are thought to be largely resistant to the factors that stress and kill corals, and are increasing in abundance on many reefs. However, there is a paucity of information on how environmental factors influence spatial variation in the distribution of these sponges, and how they might be affected by different stressors. We aimed to identify the factors that explained differences in bioeroding sponge abundance and assemblage composition, and to determine whether bioeroding sponges benefit from the same environmental conditions that can contribute towards coral mortality. Abundance surveys were conducted in the Wakatobi region of Indonesia on reefs characterized by different biotic and abiotic conditions. Bioeroding sponges occupied an average of 8.9% of available dead substrate and variation in abundance and assemblage composition was primarily attributed to differences in the availability of dead substrate. Our results imply that if dead substrate availability increases as a consequence of coral mortality, bioeroding sponge abundance is also likely to increase. However, bioeroding sponge abundance was lowest on a sedimented reef, despite abundant dead substrate. This suggests that not all forms of coral mortality will benefit all bioeroding sponge species, and sediment-degraded reefs are likely to be dominated by a few resilient bioeroding sponge species. Overall, we demonstrate the importance of understanding the drivers of bioeroding sponge abundance and assemblage composition in order to predict possible impacts of different stressors on reefs communities.

Breeding Cycle and Behavior of the Semipalmated Sandpiper at Barrow, Alaska

The Auk ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoshana Ashkenazie ◽  
Uriel N. Safriel
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Semipalmated Sandpiper ◽  
The Family ◽  
Polygonal Area ◽  
Calidris Pusilla ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Pair formation of Calidris pusilla near Barrow, Alaska occurs 3-6 days after the territory is established. The pair is then engaged in nest scraping displays during 2-3 days, in which 10-12 scrapes are made by the male and examined by the female. Eventually 2-3 scrapes are lined by the female, and in one of these the first egg is laid 4-6 days after pairing. During the egg-laying period further lining is performed by the female and partial incubation takes place by both sexes. Continuous incubation commences 8 h prior to laying of the 4th egg. Male and female alternate in incubation: in the first 2 days a turn lasts 3-5 h, and the duration gradually increases up to 13-14 h during the 2nd week. Long incubation turns reduce the number of approaches to the nest and may therefore reduce the chances of it being discovered by predators. The incubating bird is intermittently engaged in egg-rolling and in camouflaging the nest by bending adjacent grass blades over its back, and is constantly alert. The off-duty bird may feed 2-3 km away from the nest. The eggs hatch after 20 days of incubation, all within 1 day. Females desert the family 2-8 days after hatching: they desert late if hatching is early, and early if hatching is late in the season. After female departure the family moves from the nesting territory, typically in a high-centered polygonal area, to establish a home range as far as 2-3 km away, often in a low-centered polygonal area. During the first 6-8 days after hatching, the male prepares each evening a scrape for night brooding. After fledging, the male and young join wandering flocks.

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