Vocal correlates of individual sooty mangabey travel speed and direction

Many group-living animals coordinate movements with acoustic signals, but so far most studies have focused on how group movements are initiated. In this study, we investigated movement patterns of wild sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys), a mostly terrestrial, forest-dwelling primate. We provide quantitative results showing that vocalization rates of mangabey subgroups, but not of focal individuals, correlated with focal individuals’ current movement patterns. More interestingly, vocal behaviour predicted whether individuals changed future speed, and possibly future travel direction. The role of vocalizations as a potential mechanism for the regulation of group movement was further highlighted by interaction effects that include subgroup size and the quality of poly-specific associations. Collectively, our results suggest that primate vocal behaviour can function beyond travel initiation in coordination and regulation of group movements.

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In Our Own Words: The Complex Sensory Experiences of Autistic Adults

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders ◽

10.1007/s10803-021-05186-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

K. MacLennan ◽

S. O’Brien ◽

T. Tavassoli

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Sensory Input ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Sensory Reactivity ◽

Sensory Experiences ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

Autistic Adults ◽

Sensory Hyperreactivity

AbstractAutistic adults commonly experience sensory reactivity differences. Sensory hyperreactivity is frequently researched, whilst hyporeactivity and seeking, and experiences across domains, e.g., vision, are often neglected. Therefore, we aimed to understand more about the sensory experiences of autistic adults. We conducted a mixed-methods study, co-produced with stakeholders; recruiting 49 autistic adults who completed an online survey. Firstly, quantitative results and content analysis enhanced our understanding of sensory input/contexts associated with sensory hyperreactivity, hyporeactivity, and seeking across modalities. Secondly, thematic analysis developed themes relating to ‘Outcomes’, ‘Control’, ‘Tolerance and management’, and ‘The role of other people’, informing a theoretical model of sensory reactivity differences in autistic adults. These findings have implications for support services and improving quality of life for autistic adults.

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Measuring Process and Outcome in CALM

Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully ◽

10.1093/med/9780190236427.003.0011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111-122

Author(s):

Gary Rodin ◽

Sarah Hales

Keyword(s):

Treatment Integrity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Death And Dying ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Process Measures ◽

Quantitative Evidence ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

Development And Validation

This chapter considers the qualitative and quantitative evidence base for Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) and the role of relevant, validated measures in substantiating its effectiveness and informing its clinical practice. The early qualitative evidence for the benefit of CALM is reviewed and the challenges inherent in generating meaningful quantitative results in an advanced cancer population are described. An important component of the early work on CALM included the development and validation of measures to assess relevant outcomes in this population. This resulted in development of new measures of distress related to death and dying and of perceived clinical benefit from CALM, and of modified measures for attachment security, quality of life, and treatment integrity. The results of a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrating the effectiveness of CALM are presented and the unique value of measures of treatment process and treatment integrity are described. Finally, the clinical utility of outcome and process measures in terms of guiding CALM therapy is considered.

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Investigating Mind-Mapping as a Tool for Problem Exploration in Early Design

10.1115/detc2021-71750 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ting-Ju Chen ◽

Shantanu Vyas ◽

Vinayak R. Krishnamurthy

Keyword(s):

New Product Development ◽

Information Structure ◽

User Study ◽

Opportunity Identification ◽

Mind Mapping ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

Mind Maps ◽

General User

Abstract We present an experiment to study the role of mind-mapping as a tool for design opportunity identification and problem understanding. Our goal is to investigate how the quality of design opportunity statements change with two different techniques, namely, mind-mapping and free writing. Identifying design opportunities is an important step in new product development and little is currently understood in terms of what tools can provide cognitive support for problem clarification. In this work, we focus on mind-mapping as one example of a potential tool for providing such support. Mind-maps are well-known for their ability to enable the exploration of ideas in an unconstrained and structured way. To study their role in helping problem exploration, we conducted a between-subject user study with 28 participants to investigate how information structure and organization affect the exploration of ideas in a given design context. Further, we propose new evaluation metrics to quantitatively assess key elements presented in the design opportunity statements generated after exploring the problem domain. We report on the quantitative results, the exploration behaviors, and the general user feedback about the experience. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings on design problem identification and future digital mind-mapping tools for exploratory tasks.

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Cognitive Health Counseling 40+

Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie ◽

10.1026/0943-8149/a000085 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 24-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne Eschen ◽

Franzisca Zehnder ◽

Mike Martin

Keyword(s):

Outcome Variable ◽

Pilot Phase ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Cognitive Health ◽

Health Counseling ◽

Agents Of Change ◽

Main Outcome Variable ◽

Further Development

This article introduces Cognitive Health Counseling 40+ (CH.CO40+), an individualized intervention that is conceptually based on the orchestration model of quality-of-life management ( Martin & Kliegel, 2010 ) and aims at improving satisfaction with cognitive health in adults aged 40 years and older. We describe the theoretically deduced characteristics of CH.CO40+, its target group, its multifactorial nature, its individualization, the application of subjective and objective measures, the role of participants as agents of change, and the rationale for choosing participants’ satisfaction with their cognitive health as main outcome variable. A pilot phase with 15 middle-aged and six older adults suggests that CH.CO40+ attracts, and may be particularly suitable for, subjective memory complainers. Implications of the pilot data for the further development of the intervention are discussed.

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