scholarly journals First endemic freshwaterGammarusfrom Crete and its evolutionary history—an integrative taxonomy approach

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Hupało ◽  
Tomasz Mamos ◽  
Weronika Wrzesińska ◽  
Michał Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
High Level

The Mediterranean islands are known as natural laboratories of evolution with a high level of endemic biodiversity. However, most biodiversity assessments have focused mainly on terrestrial and marine fauna, leaving the freshwater animals aside. Crete is one of the largest islands in the Mediterranean Basin, with a long history of isolation from the continental mainland. Gammarid amphipods are often dominant in macrozoobenthic communities in European inland waters. They are widely used in biomonitoring and exotoxicological studies. Herein, we describeGammarus plaitisisp. nov., endemic to Cretan streams, based on morphological characters and a set of molecular species delimitation methods using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes as well as nuclear 28S rDNA, ITS1 and EF1-alpha genes. The divergence of the new species is strongly connected with the geological history of the island supporting its continental origin.

scholarly journals Extensive introgression and mosaic genomes of Mediterranean endemic lizards

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhao Yang ◽  
Nathalie Feiner ◽  
Catarina Pinho ◽  
Geoffrey M. While ◽  
Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Island Endemics ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractThe Mediterranean basin is a hotspot of biodiversity, fuelled by climatic oscillation and geological change over the past 20 million years. Wall lizards of the genus Podarcis are among the most abundant, diverse, and conspicuous Mediterranean fauna. Here, we unravel the remarkably entangled evolutionary history of wall lizards by sequencing genomes of 34 major lineages covering 26 species. We demonstrate an early (>11 MYA) separation into two clades centred on the Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, and two clades of Mediterranean island endemics. Diversification within these clades was pronounced between 6.5–4.0 MYA, a period spanning the Messinian Salinity Crisis, during which the Mediterranean Sea nearly dried up before rapidly refilling. However, genetic exchange between lineages has been a pervasive feature throughout the entire history of wall lizards. This has resulted in a highly reticulated pattern of evolution across the group, characterised by mosaic genomes with major contributions from two or more parental taxa. These hybrid lineages gave rise to several of the extant species that are endemic to Mediterranean islands. The mosaic genomes of island endemics may have promoted their extraordinary adaptability and striking diversity in body size, shape and colouration, which have puzzled biologists for centuries.

The Sofia Ministerial Declaration on Black Sea Fisheries and Aquaculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-822
Author(s):  
Nicola Ferri ◽  
Nilüfer Oral
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Working Group ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), established in 1949 has always included Black Sea fisheries and in 1976 its constitutive agreement was amended to expressly include the Black Sea. A working group on the Black Sea (WGBS) established in 2011 was instrumental in adopting the first GFCM management measures for Black Sea fisheries. On 7 June 2018, the GFCM organized a High-Level Conference on Black Sea Fisheries and Aquaculture in Sofia which culminated with the signature of a ministerial declaration on Black Sea fisheries and aquaculture. This marked a milestone in the history of cooperation for fisheries among the Black Sea riparian countries.

Investigating the amphiatlantic status of Facelina bostoniensis (Couthouy, 1838) (Nudibranchia: Aeolidida)

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Leila Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Eastern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Mediterranean

ABSTRACT The aeolid species Facelina bostoniensis (Couthouy, 1838) was originally described from Massachusetts and was later reported from the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. So far, no molecular systematic study of its amphiatlantic status has been carried out. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian) of DNA sequence data for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes confirm the amphiatlantic status of F. bostoniensis. My findings show that this species is restricted to the Atlantic realm and that the species recorded from the Mediterranean is not F. bostoniensis but F. vicina (Bergh, 1882). It is hypothesized that previous records of F. bostoniensis from the Mediterranean Sea were actually misidentifications of F. vicina.

scholarly journals High Level of Sequence Diversity in the 16S rRNA Genes of Haemophilus influenzae Isolates Is Useful for Molecular Subtyping

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 3734-3742 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Sacchi ◽  
D. Alber ◽  
P. Dull ◽  
E. A. Mothershed ◽  
A. M. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Sequence Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Molecular Subtyping ◽  
High Level

Pyrosequencing analysis of free-living and attached bacterial communities in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, a large eutrophic shallow lake in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangming Tang ◽  
Linlin Li ◽  
Keqiang Shao ◽  
Boweng Wang ◽  
Xianlei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Meiliang Bay ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
High Level

To elucidate the relationship between particle-attached (PA, ≥5.0 μm) and free-living (FL, 0.2–5.0 μm) bacterial communities, samplings were collected seasonally from November 2011 to August 2012 in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, China. We used 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes to study bacterial diversity and structure of PA and FL communities. The analysis rendered 37 985 highly qualified reads, subsequently assigned to 1755 operational taxonomic units (97% similarity) for the 8 samples. Although 27 high-level taxonomic groups were obtained, the 3 dominant phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) comprised about 75.9% and 82.4% of the PA and FL fractions, respectively. Overall, we found no significant differences between community types, as indicated by ANOSIM R statistics (R = 0.063, P > 0.05) and the Parsimony test (P = 0.222). Dynamics of bacterial communities were correlated with changes in concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP). In summer, a significant taxonomic overlap in the 2 size fractions was observed when Cyanobacteria, a major contributor of TSS and TP, dominated in the water, highlighting the potential rapid exchange between PA and FL bacterial populations in large shallow eutrophic lakes.

scholarly journals 16S rRNA Phylogenetic Investigation of the Candidate Division “Korarchaeota”

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 5077-5082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Auchtung ◽  
Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach ◽  
Colleen M. Cavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Candidate Division ◽  
High Level ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT The environmental distribution and phylogeny of “Korarchaeota,” a proposed ancient archaeal division, was investigated by using the 16S rRNA gene framework. Korarchaeota-specific primers were designed based on previously published sequences and used to screen a variety of environments. Korarchaeota 16S rRNA genes were amplified exclusively from high temperature Yellowstone National Park hot springs and a 9°N East Pacific Rise deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Phylogenetic analyses of these and all available sequences suggest that Korarchaeota exhibit a high level of endemicity.

scholarly journals Microbial Reductive Dechlorination of Aroclor 1260 in Baltimore Harbor Sediment Microcosms Is Catalyzed by Three Phylotypes within the Phylum Chloroflexi

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 3009-3018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja K. Fagervold ◽  
Harold D. May ◽  
Kevin R. Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Harbor Sediment ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Baltimore Harbor ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The specific dechlorination pathways for Aroclor 1260 were determined in Baltimore Harbor sediment microcosms developed with the 11 most predominant congeners from this commercial mixture and their resulting dechlorination intermediates. Most of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were dechlorinated in the meta position, and the major products were tetrachlorobiphenyls with unflanked chlorines. Using PCR primers specific for the 16S rRNA genes of known PCB-dehalogenating bacteria, we detected three phylotypes within the microbial community that had the capability to dechlorinate PCB congeners present in Aroclor 1260 and identified their selective activities. Phylotype DEH10, which has a high level of sequence identity to Dehalococcoides spp., removed the double-flanked chlorine in 234-substituted congeners and exhibited a preference for para-flanked meta-chlorines when no double-flanked chlorines were available. Phylotype SF1 had similarity to the o-17/DF-1 group of PCB-dechlorinating bacteria. Phylotype SF1 dechlorinated all of the 2345-substituted congeners, mostly in the double-flanked meta position and 2356-, 236-, and 235-substituted congeners in the ortho-flanked meta position, with a few exceptions. A phylotype with 100% sequence identity to PCB-dechlorinating bacterium o-17 was responsible for an ortho and a double-flanked meta dechlorination reaction. Most of the dechlorination pathways supported the growth of all three phylotypes based on competitive PCR enumeration assays, which indicates that PCB-impacted environments have the potential to sustain populations of these PCB-dechlorinating microorganisms. The results demonstrate that the variation in dechlorination patterns of congener mixtures typically observed at different PCB impacted sites can potentially be mediated by the synergistic activities of relatively few dechlorinating species.

scholarly journals Homozygous Triplicate Mutations in Three 16S rRNA Genes Responsible for High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance in Nocardia farcinica Clinical Isolates from a Canada-Wide Bovine Mastitis Epizootic

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2385-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahisa Kogure ◽  
Reona Shimada ◽  
Jun Ishikawa ◽  
Katsukiyo Yazawa ◽  
June M. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Nocardia Farcinica ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Nocardia farcinica strains showing high-level resistance to amikacin were isolated from clinical cases in a Canada-wide bovine mastitis epizootic. Shotgun cloning of the resistance genes in the amikacin-resistant mastitis isolate N. farcinica IFM 10580 (W6220 [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]) using a multicopy vector system revealed that the 16S rRNA gene with an A-to-G single-point mutation at position 1408 (in Escherichia coli numbering) conferred “moderate” cross-resistance to amikacin and other aminoglycosides to an originally susceptible N. farcinica strain IFM 10152. Subsequent DNA sequence analyses revealed that, in contrast to the susceptible strain, all three chromosomal 16S rRNA genes of IFM 10580, the epizootic clinical strain, contained the same A1408G point mutations. Mutant colonies showing high-level aminoglycoside resistance were obtained when the susceptible strain N. farcinica IFM 10152 was transformed with a multicopy plasmid carrying the A1408G mutant 16S rRNA gene and was cultured in the presence of aminoglycosides for 3 to 5 days. Of these transformants, at least two of the three chromosomal 16S rRNA genes contained A1408G mutations. A triple mutant was easily obtained from a strain carrying the two chromosomal A1408G mutant genes and one wild-type gene, even in the absence of the plasmid. The triple mutant showed the highest level of resistance to aminoglycosides, even in the absence of the plasmid carrying the mutant 16S rRNA gene. These results suggest that the homozygous mutations in the three 16S rRNA genes are responsible for the high-level aminoglycoside resistance found in N. farcinica isolates of the bovine mastitis epizootic.

Taxonomy of Castroviejoa, a new genus of Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae), endemic to the Mediterranean Islands Corsica and Sardinia

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Galbany-Casals ◽  
L. Sáez ◽  
Carles Benedí
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
The Mediterranean

Castroviejoa Galbany, L. S�ez & Bened� has been recently described as a new genus of Gnaphalieae, and comprises the two Mediterranean species Castroviejoa frigida (Labill.) Galbany, L. S�ez & Bened� and C. montelinasana (Schmid) Galbany, L. S�ez & Bened�, formerly known as Helichrysum frigidum (Labill.) Willd. and H. montelinasanum Schmid. In the present paper their morphology is accurately described and compared with that of Helichrysum and related genera. These two species present three morphological characters that are not found together in other Helichrysum species, and which characterise the genus Castroviejoa: the multicellular, biseriate, glandular hairs present on the corolla tube; the undivided stereome; and the apical sweeping hairs that also extend dorsally along the style branches. The full taxonomic treatment of the new genus is provided.

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