scholarly journals Effects of blood parasite infection and innate immune genetic diversity on mating patterns in a passerine bird breeding in contrasted habitats

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Garant ◽  
Audrey Bourret ◽  
Clarence Schmitt ◽  
Audrey Turcotte ◽  
Fanie Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasite ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Bird Breeding ◽  
The Stability

Genetic diversity at immune genes and levels of parasitism are known to affect patterns of (dis)assortative mating in several species. Heterozygote advantage and/or good genes should shape mate choice originating from pathogen/parasite-driven selection at immune genes. However, the stability of these associations, and whether they vary with environmental conditions, are still rarely documented. In this study, we describe mating patterns in a wild population of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) over 4 years and assess the effects of haemosporidian parasite infection and immune genetic diversity at β-defensin genes on those patterns within two habitats of contrasting environmental quality, in southern Québec, Canada. We first show that mating patterns were only very weakly related to individual status of infection by haemosporidian parasites. However, we found a difference between habitats in mating patterns related to infection status, which was likely due to a non-random distribution of individuals, as non-infected mating pairs were more frequent in lower quality habitats. Mating patterns also differed depending on β-defensin heterozygosity at AvBD2, but only for genetic partners outside of the social couple, with heterozygous individuals pairing together. Our study underlines the importance of considering habitat heterogeneity in studies of sexual selection.

scholarly journals Mating for convenience or genetic diversity? Mating patterns in the polygynous ant Plagiolepis pygmaea

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trontti ◽  
N. Thurin ◽  
L. Sundstrom ◽  
S. Aron
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mating Patterns

Inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity increase extinction risk

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Harmful Effects

Inbreeding reduces survival and reproduction (i.e. it causes inbreeding depression), and thereby increases extinction risk. Inbreeding depression is due to increased homozygosity for harmful alleles and at loci exhibiting heterozygote advantage. Inbreeding depression is nearly universal in sexually reproducing organisms that are diploid or have higher ploidies. Impacts of inbreeding are generally greater in species that naturally outbreed than those that inbreed, in stressful than benign environments, and for fitness than peripheral traits. Harmful effects accumulate across the life cycle, resulting in devastating effects on total fitness in outbreeding species.Species face ubiquitous environmental change and must adapt or they will go extinct. Genetic diversity is the raw material required for evolutionary adaptation. However, loss of genetic diversity is unavoidable in small isolated populations, diminishing their capacity to evolve in response to environmental changes, and thereby increasing extinction risk.

Temporal stability of genetic diversity revealed by microsatellite markers in restocked populations of Caspian roach, Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870)

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-347
Author(s):  
Hadiseh Kashiri ◽  
Ali Shabani ◽  
Saeed Gorgin ◽  
Mohamad Rezaei ◽  
Ahmadreza Jabale
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Sequential Bonferroni Correction ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Caspian Roach

Abstract Rutilus caspicus is considered one of the most important bony fish with high economic value in the Caspian Sea. Since the population size of Caspian roach has decreased during recent decades, restocking of the populations is done through releasing hatchery-produced larvae into the wild. In the present study, the genetic diversity of wild and hatchery populations of R. caspicus was investigated using ten microsatellite loci. Also, microsatellite analysis was performed to compare the population structure of Caspian roach over a time frame of about 11 years. Although the allelic and gene diversity of hatchery populations tended to be lower than those of the wild populations, no significant differences in genetic diversity parameters were observed among the wild and hatchery populations. Similar variation levels were noticed among temporal samples of the same population, suggesting temporal stability in the genetic diversity of the wild populations. In most cases, significant departure from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed after sequential Bonferroni correction. Results from analysis showed that a captive hatchery population was the most differentiated group. Also, the UPGMA dendrogram showed that the captive population was the most distant group. The stability of genetic composition between the two periods was noticed by the low and non-significant and estimates. The results from this study are anticipated to provide important information for setting up more efficient strategies for the conservation and restocking of R. caspicus.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Population Differentiation in the Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen DRB3.2 Locus of South African Nguni Crossbred Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Lwamkelekile Sitshilelo Mkize ◽  
Oliver Tendayi Zishiri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
South African ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Lymphocyte Antigen ◽  
Bovine Lymphocyte

The bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA-DRB3) gene is an important region that codes for glycoproteins responsible for the initiation of an immune response. BoLA-DRB3 alleles have been demonstrated to be associated with disease resistance/tolerance. Therefore, great genetic diversity is correlated with better adaptation, fitness, and robustness. The current study was conducted to assess the population genetic structure of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in Nguni crossbred cattle using polymerase chain reaction-sequence based typing (PCR-SBT). High genetic diversity was detected, with 30 alleles, 11 of which are novel to the study. Alleles DRB3*0201, DRB3*0701, DRB*0901, and DRB*1601 were present in all populations and accounted for nearly around 50% of all observed alleles. A mean genetic diversity (HE) of 0.93 was detected. The high overall genetic diversity is possibly associated with pathogen-assisted selection and heterozygote advantage. Such high diversity might explain the hardiness of the Nguni crossbred cattle to the Southern African region. Low population genetic structure was identified (FST = 0.01), suggesting possible gene flow between populations and retention of similar alleles. The study was undertaken to bridge the dearth of such studies in South African breeds and it is imperative for effective sustainability of indigenous breeds and the implementation of effective breeding strategies.

Spatial Variation of Haemosporidian Parasite Infection in African Rainforest Bird Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Loiseau ◽  
Tatjana Iezhova ◽  
Gediminas Valkiūnas ◽  
Anthony Chasar ◽  
Anna Hutchinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasite

scholarly journals PorA Variable Antigenic Regions VR1, VR2, and VR3 of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroups B and C Isolated in Brazil from 1999 to 2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 3683-3685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivano de Filippis ◽  
Claudia Ferreira de Andrade ◽  
Luciete Silva ◽  
D. Rebecca Prevots ◽  
Ana Carolina P. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Epitope Variant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Healthy Carriers ◽  
Antigenic Regions

ABSTRACT The high genetic diversity found among the PorA regions VR1 and VR2 of 101 Neisseria meningitidis isolates from patients with meningococcal disease and healthy carriers in Brazil contrasts with the stability found in the PorA VR3 of these isolates. The presence of VR3 epitope variant 35 or 36 on the surfaces of 87% of the strains analyzed suggests that these antigens should be considered for inclusion in new formulations of vaccines against serogroup B meningococci in Brazil.

scholarly journals Winter wheat in England and Wales, 1923–1995: what do indices of genetic diversity reveal?

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Srinivasan ◽  
Colin Thirtle ◽  
Paolo Palladino
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
The Stability

AbstractGenealogical data have been used very widely to construct indices with which to examine the contribution of plant breeding programmes to the maintenance and enhancement of genetic resources. In this paper we use such indices to examine changes in the genetic diversity of the winter wheat crop in England and Wales between 1923 and 1995. We find that, except for one period characterized by the dominance of imported varieties, the genetic diversity of the winter wheat crop has been remarkably stable. This agrees with many studies of plant breeding programmes elsewhere. However, underlying the stability of the winter wheat crop is accelerating varietal turnover without any significant diversification of the genetic resources used. Moreover, the changes we observe are more directly attributable to changes in the varietal shares of the area under winter wheat than to the genealogical relationship between the varieties sown. We argue, therefore, that while genealogical indices reflect how well plant breeders have retained and exploited the resources with which they started, these indices suffer from a critical limitation. They do not reflect the proportion of the available range of genetic resources which has been effectively utilized in the breeding programme: complex crosses of a given set of varieties can yield high indices, and yet disguise the loss (or non-utilization) of a large proportion of the available genetic diversity.

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