Disparity Expression of GammaH2AX in Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Nodular Goiter

The rate of nodular goiter in children ranges from 0.05 to 5.1%; in this case, the risk of thyroid cancer in childhood amounts to 3―70% of all cases of thyroid pathology. Therefore, the main issue is the differential diagnosis of a nosological variant of a thyroid nodule, which defines the optimal therapeutic tactics for a particular patient. The risk of malignancy is traditionally believed to be low in the case of decompensated functional autonomy of a thyroid nodule; therefore, the need for fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) followed by cytomorphological analysis of the aspirate is avoided in most cases. The presented clinical case demonstrates papillary cancer in an adolescent with a toxic single nodular goiter. A thyroid ultrasound examination revealed a nodular lesion in the boy. An increase in the thyroid size and thyrotoxicosis manifestation occurred 3 years later. A cytomorphological study identified follicular neoplasia; scintigraphy revealed a hot nodule. Surgical treatment was planned. Antithyroid therapy was prescribed to prepare for surgery. After compensation of thyrotoxicosis, hemithyroidectomy was performed. A histological examination diagnosed papillary thyroid cancer, which required repeated thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine I131 ablation. The postoperative period was uneventful; the patient well tolerated suppressive levothyroxine therapy. Therefore, the presence of a toxic single nodular goiter does not exclude thyroid cancer, which defines the need to discuss the indications for FNAB of thyroid nodules in children.

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L-thyroxine-treated patients with nodular goiter have lower serum TSH and lower frequency of papillary thyroid cancer: results of a cross-sectional study on 27 914 patients

Endocrine Related Cancer ◽

10.1677/erc-09-0251 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 231-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

E Fiore ◽

T Rago ◽

M A Provenzale ◽

M Scutari ◽

C Ugolini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Normal Range ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Tsh

The risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is related to serum TSH, and the development of thyroid autonomy by reducing TSH levels decreases the frequency of PTC in patients with nodular goiter. Our aim was to investigate the effect of l-thyroxine (l-T4) on the frequency of PTC diagnosed by cytology in a large series of patients with nodular goiter untreated (n=20 055) or treated with l-T4 (n=7859). l-T4-treated patients with respect to untreated patients presented significantly lower serum TSH (median, interquartile range: 0.30 μU/ml, 0.08–0.62 μU/ml versus 0.70 μU/ml, 0.38–1.14 μU/ml; P<0.0001) and prevalence of PTC (3.2 vs 5.1%; P<0.0001). The frequency of PTC was closely related to serum TSH, with it being lowest in patients with TSH below the normal range (<0.4 μU/ml; 189/10 059, 1.9%) and highest in patients with TSH above the normal range (>3.4 μU/ml; 21/127, 16.5%), also showing a progressive increase from the lower to the upper quartile of normal range. A significantly higher proportion of l-T4-treated patients (6650/7859, 84.6%) had serum TSH below the median (0.90 μU/ml) with respect to untreated patients (12 599/20 055, 62.8%; χ2 P value <0.0001), with it being included in the range of TSH associated with a lower frequency of PTC. The relationship between serum TSH and frequency of PTC was unrelated to the type of nodularity (solitary versus multinodular) and was not age dependent. In conclusion, patients with nodular goiter, treatment with l-T4 is responsible for the reduction of serum TSH and is associated with a decreased frequency of PTC.

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Short Telomeres, Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Amplification, and Increased Telomerase Activity in the Blood of Familial Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2008-0372 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 93 (10) ◽

pp. 3950-3957 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Marco Capezzone ◽

Silvia Cantara ◽

Stefania Marchisotta ◽

Sebastiano Filetti ◽

Maria Margherita De Santi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Gene Amplification ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Telomerase Activity ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Htert Gene ◽

The University ◽

Htert Mrna Expression

Background: Differentiated papillary thyroid cancer is mostly sporadic, but the recurrence of the familial form has been reported. Short or dysfunctional telomeres have been associated with familial benign diseases and familial breast cancer. Objective: The aim of our work was to study the telomere-telomerase complex in the peripheral blood of patients with familial papillary thyroid cancer (FPTC), including the measurement of relative telomere length (RTL), telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene amplification, hTERT mRNA expression, telomerase protein activity, and search of hTERT or telomerase RNA component gene mutations. Patients: Cumulating a series of patients seen at the University of Siena and a series at the University of Rome, the experiments were conducted in 47 FPTC patients, 75 sporadic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients, 20 patients with nodular goiter, 19 healthy subjects, and 20 unaffected siblings of FPTC patients. Results: RTL, measured by quantitative PCR, was significantly (P < 0.0001) shorter in the blood of FPTC patients, compared with sporadic PTCs, healthy subjects, nodular goiter subjects, and unaffected siblings. Also by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, the results confirmed shorter telomere lengths in FPTC patients (P = 0.01). hTERT gene amplification was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in FPTC patients, compared with the other groups, and in particular, it was significantly (P = 0.03) greater in offspring with respect to parents. hTERT mRNA expression, as well as telomerase activity, was significantly higher (P = 0.0003 and P < 0.0001, respectively) in FPTC patients, compared with sporadic PTCs. RTL, measured in cancer tissues, was shorter (P < 0.0001) in FPTC patients, compared with sporadic PTCs. No mutations of the telomerase RNA component and hTERT genes were found. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that patients with FPTC display an imbalance of the telomere-telomerase complex in the peripheral blood, characterized by short telomeres, hTERT gene amplification, and expression. These features may be implicated in the inherited predisposition to develop FPTC.

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Microsomal reductase activity in patients with thyroid neoplasms

10.1101/2020.06.09.20126672 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elena V. Proskurnina ◽

Maria V. Fedorova ◽

Madina M. Sozarukova ◽

Aleksandr E. Mitichkin ◽

Igor V. Panteleev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Cytochrome B5 ◽

Follicular Adenoma ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Thyroid Neoplasms ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Order Of Magnitude

AbstractObjectiveCytochrome b5 reductase (CYB5R) and cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) play an important role in cell metabolism; however, their role in thyroid hormonogenesis and carcinogenesis has not been studied. The activity of CYB5R correlates with metastasizing in breast cancer, but there are no similar studies for CYB5R and CYPOR for thyroid cancer. The aim was to assess the activity of CYB5R and CYPOR in thyroid tissues in benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms.Methods36 patients with thyroid neoplasms participated in the study. The control euthyroid goiter group included 10 patients; the thyrotoxic nodular goiter group included 14 patients; the papillary thyroid cancer T1-2N0-1M0 (PTC) group included 12 patients. The activity of CYB5R and CYPOR was assessed with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence stimulated by NADH and NADPH, respectively.ResultsThe activity of CYB5R and CYPOR increased several times in thyrotoxicosis and approximately by an order of magnitude in some cases of PTC, but the activity change of CYPOR was more pronounced compared to CYB5R. For the PTC group, the subgroups with low and high activity of microsomal reductases were detected. Microsomal reductases in follicular adenoma was 2–4-fold less active compared to nontoxic goiter and the low-activity PTC group.ConclusionsActivity of microsomal reductases varies in thyroid pathology and can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic parameter in papillary thyroid cancer.

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Plasma-Derived miRNA-222 as a Candidate Marker for Papillary Thyroid Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21176445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 6445

Author(s):

Aistė Kondrotienė ◽

Albertas Daukša ◽

Daina Pamedytytė ◽

Mintautė Kazokaitė ◽

Aurelija Žvirblienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Potential Marker ◽

Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Plasma Mirna

We analyzed five miRNA molecules (miR-221; miR-222; miR-146b; miR-21; miR-181b) in the plasma of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), nodular goiter (NG) and healthy controls (HC) and evaluated their diagnostic value for differentiation of PTC from NG and HC. Preoperative PTC plasma miRNA expression (n = 49) was compared with plasma miRNA in the HC group (n = 57) and patients with NG (n = 23). It was demonstrated that miR-221; miR-222; miR-146b; miR-21 and miR-181b were overexpressed in preoperative PTC plasma samples compared to HC (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001; p < 0.002; respectively). The upregulation in tumor tissue of these miRNAs was consistent with The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Carcinoma dataset. A significant decrease in miR-21; miR-221; miR-146b and miR-181b expression was observed in the plasma of PTC patients after total thyroidectomy (p = 0.004; p = 0.001; p = 0.03; p = 0.036; respectively). The levels of miR-222 were significantly higher in the preoperative PTC compared to the NG group (p = 0.004). ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis revealed miR-222 as a potential marker in distinguishing PTC from NG (AUC 0.711; p = 0.004). In conclusion; circulating miR-222 profiles might be useful in discriminating PTC from NG.

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STRUCTURE OF THE NODULAR GOITER IN CHILDREN

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2015-5-54-60 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

O. S. Rogova ◽

L. N. Samsonovа ◽

G. F. Okminyan

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Multinodular Goiter ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Thyroid Adenoma ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Single Node ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Functional Autonomy

For today the question of early diagnosis of nosological variants, the method of treatment and prevention of nodular goiter in children is still not fully resolved. There is a few available literature data about study of this problem in children. Objective: to study morphofunctional structure of thyroid nodules in children.The article provides information consisting of the results of a retrospective analysis of case histories of 73 patients, operated with nodular goiter in Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’sCityClinicalHospital(Moscow) from 2003 to May 2015. The examination included an evaluation of the functional status of the pituitary-thyroid system: there were investigated serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hor-mone, also was performed thyroid scintigraphy 99mТc. In the postoperative period, there was carried out a final verification of the diagnosis according to the results of the histological conclusion. The histologi-cal type of nodal disease was defined by the WHO classification of 2004. It was established that in the structure of a single-node goiter in children prevail nodular colloid goiter with equal frequency in boys and girls, with the same frequency occurs thyroid adenoma, but more often in girls than in boys. The multinodular goiter equally often detected in girls and boys both nodular goiter colloidal with varying degree of proliferation and colloid in combination with follicular thyroid adenoma. "Hot" nodes in the multinodular goiter are more common than in the single-node goiter and more fre-quently in girls than in boys. The half of children with nodular pathology have "hot" nodes and one out of every three – decompensated form of functional autonomy. Decompensated form of functional autonomy of the thyroid gland in children with "hot" nodes detects regardless of the number of nodes. Papillary thyroid cancer occurs not only in patients with a single-node, but with a multinodular goiter. The results allow to draw conclusions about the heterogeneity of the morphological structure as a single-node and multinodular goiter in children, including papillary thyroid cancer.

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