scholarly journals Partial Purification of a Catalase from an Improved Nigerian Sorghum Grain Variety

Author(s):  
C. I. Nnamchi ◽  
B. C. Nwanguma ◽  
O. C. Amadi

Catalases are key components of cellular detoxification pathways that prevent the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals through catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen. Their presence in brewery grains prevent the inactivation of important brewery enzymes and also stop lipid peroxidation. To determine their occurrence and establish some of its properties in sorghum, which has become as an important brewery grain similar to barley, crude catalase was obtained from a sorghum grain variety. Preliminary purification of catalase from the sorghum grain variety used, NRL-3, showed that the enzyme was purified 3.2-fold from the crude protein to give a 49% yield of the partially purified enzyme, with a final specific activity of 32 Umg-1 proteins. There was also a positive indication of sorghum catalase presence on SDS PAGE with positive bands occurring between the range of 48-62 kDa. Therefore, the molecular weight of sorghum catalase most likely falls within the two bands. The enzyme showed a narrow pH range with optimum activity occurring at pH 7. Similarly, its optimum activity temperature occurred at 40°C.  This work is the first reported attempt at purifying catalase from sorghum.

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-58

Purificación Parcial y Caracterización de Alfa Amilasa de granos germinados de Chenopodium quinoa (Quinua) Partial Purification and Characterization of Alpha Amylase from germinated grains from Chenopopdium quinoa (Quinua) Melissa Bedón Gómez, Oscar Nolasco Cárdenas, Carlos Santa Cruz C. y Ana I. F. Gutiérrez Román Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Jr. Río Chepén S/N, El Agustino. Telefax: 362 - 3388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2013.0007/ Resumen Las alfa amilasas son las enzimas más estudiadas e importantes en el campo biotecnológico e industrial; ya que han reemplazado por completo la hidrólisis química del almidón. Estas enzimas son imprescindibles en la elaboración de productos alimenticios, combustibles, medicamentos y detergentes con la finalidad de optimizar procesos y conservar el medio ambiente. La α-amilasa puede ser purificada de diferentes organismos como plantas, animales, hongos y bacterias; actualmente un gran número de α-amilasas bacterianas en especial del género Bacillus están disponibles comercialmente y son las más utilizadas en las industrias. Sin embargo, la producción de éstas no satisfacen los requerimientos industriales en el mundo; ya que, la demanda de esta enzima se ha incrementado en los últimos dos años y el empleo de α-amilasas bacterianas ha provocado alergias afectando al 15% de la población a nivel mundial. . En este estudio, como fuente de α-amilasa se emplearon semillas de Chenopodium quinoa (quinua) var hualhuas blanca durante el proceso de germinación; esta enzima fue parcialmente purificada por precipitación con sulfato de amonio obteniendo una actividad específica final de 35.60U/mg y un grado de purificación de 5 veces. La purificación fue confirmada por SDS-PAGE, encontrando un peso molecular de 44kDa. La actividad enzimática se evaluó mediante el método de Miller mostrando máxima actividad a pH 7 y a temperatura de 37ºC. La linealización de Lineweaver-Burk nos dio un Km de 16mg/mL y Vmax de 100µM de maltosa/min. Por lo tanto, esta caracterización reúne los pre-requisitos necesarios para la aplicación en la industria. Descriptores: Chenopodium quinoa, alfa amilasa, germinación, purificación parcial. Abstract The alpha amylases are the enzymes most studied and important in biotechnology and industry; because they have completely replaced the starch’s chemical hydrolysis. These enzymes are essential in the food production, medicines and detergents in order to optimize processes and conserve the environment. The α-amylase can be isolated from different organisms such as plants, animals, fungi and bacteria, now a large number of bacterial α-amylases especially from genus Bacillus are commercially available and they are the most used in industry. However, the production of these do not meet industry requirements in the world, because the demand for this enzyme has increased in the last two years and the use of bacterial α-amilase has caused allergies affecting the 15% of the global population. In this study, as a source of α-amylase used the seeds from Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa). Var. white hualhuas during the germination process, this enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation to obtain a final specific activity of 35.60U/mg, and a grade of purification of 5 times. The purification was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, where the molecular weight was 44kDa. The enzyme activity was evaluated by Miller method showing maximum activity at pH 7 and 37ºC. The Lineweaver-Burk linearization shows a Km of 16mg/mL and Vmax of 100μM the maltose / min. Therefore, these characterizations meet the prerequisites need for industry. Keywords: Chenopodium quinoa; alpha amylase; germination; partial purification


Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Jie Pan ◽  
Ni-Na Wang ◽  
Xue-Jing Yin ◽  
Xiao-Ling Liang ◽  
Zhi-Peng Wang

Tannase plays a crucial role in many fields, such as the pharmaceutical industry, beverage processing, and brewing. Although many tannases derived from bacteria and fungi have been thoroughly studied, those with good pH stabilities are still less reported. In this work, a mangrove-derived yeast strain Rhodosporidium diobovatum Q95, capable of efficiently degrading tannin, was screened to induce tannase, which exhibited an activity of up to 26.4 U/mL after 48 h cultivation in the presence of 15 g/L tannic acid. The tannase coding gene TANRD was cloned and expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica. The activity of recombinant tannase (named TanRd) was as high as 27.3 U/mL. TanRd was purified by chromatography and analysed by SDS-PAGE, showing a molecular weight of 75.1 kDa. The specific activity of TanRd towards tannic acid was 676.4 U/mg. Its highest activity was obtained at 40 °C, with more than 70% of the activity observed at 25–60 °C. Furthermore, it possessed at least 60% of the activity in a broad pH range of 2.5–6.5. Notably, TanRd was excellently stable at a pH range from 3.0 to 8.0; over 65% of its maximum activity remained after incubation. Besides, the broad substrate specificity of TanRd to esters of gallic acid has attracted wide attention. In view of the above, tannase resources were developed from mangrove-derived yeasts for the first time in this study. This tannase can become a promising material in tannin biodegradation and gallic acid production.


2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Yun Li ◽  
Chang-Jun Jiang ◽  
Xiao-Chun Wan ◽  
Zheng-Zhu Zhang ◽  
Da-Xiang Li

Abstractβ-Glucosidases are important in the formation of floral tea aroma and the development of resistance to pathogens and herbivores in tea plants. A novel β-glucosidase was purified 117-fold to homogeneity, with a yield of 1.26%, from tea leaves by chilled acetone and ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography (CM-Sephadex C-50) and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC; Superdex 75, Resource S). The enzyme was a monomeric protein with specific activity of 2.57 U/mg. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be about 41 kDa and 34 kDa by SDS-PAGE and FPLC gel filtration on Superdex 200, respectively. The enzyme showed optimum activity at 50 °C and was stable at temperatures lower than 40 °C. It was active between pH 4.0 and pH 7.0, with an optimum activity at pH 5.5, and was fairly stable from pH 4.5 to pH 8.0. The enzyme showed maximum activity towards pNPG, low activity towards pNP-Galacto, and no activity towards pNP-Xylo.


2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriela Bello Koblitz ◽  
Gláucia Maria Pastore

The present study had as a goal to purify and characterize the lipolytic fraction secreted by a strain of Rhizopus sp. Only 3 steps of purification were necessary to achieve SDS-PAGE homogeneity. One band with 37.5 KDa molecular mass and with 1446 U/mg specific activity was obtained. The purified fraction presented 2 lipase isoforms; both showed optimum activity at 50ºC, and were stable between 6.5 and 7.5 pH values and at temperatures below 50ºC and also kept their activity in hexane. The lipase was inactivated by Hg+2 and by n-bromosuccinimide and activated by Na+.


2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Minh Hien ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hong Loan ◽  
Trinh Dinh Quynh ◽  
Ngo Thi Trang ◽  
Dang Thi Lua ◽  
...  

Superroxide dismutase (SOD, EC.1.15.1.1) is the enzyme which dismutates superoxide radicals and plays an important role in protection of living cells against oxidative stress. SOD is also involved in immune response in shrimps. In this study, it was found that the total SOD activity of black tiger shrimp muscular tissues is 10 fold higher than that of the haemolymph, however, the specific activity of SOD in the shrimp haemolymph is 9.2 fold higher than that of muscular tissues. By using active gel electrophoresis, 2 different SOD forms were found in black tiger shrimps (one in muscular tissues and two in haemolymph).Using DE-52 cellulose and Q-Sepharose ion exchange column chromatography, one SOD (SOD1) from black tiger shrimp haemolymph was partially purified, and its purity was 31.2 times higher than that of the starting haemolymph. The SOD1 was shown to have mainly one protein band of approximately 24 kDa on SDS-PAGE. SOD1 was most active at 45oC and pH of 5.5. At a concentration of 5 mM, Mn2+ strongly activated SOD1 (up 200% activity), Ca2+ và Zn2+ could increase approximately 20% activity while Cu2+ inhibited more than 60% ativity of the enzyme. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Fitria Fitria ◽  
Nanik Rahmani ◽  
Sri Pujiyanto ◽  
Budi Raharjo ◽  
Yopi Yopi

Enzyme xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) is widely used in various industrial  fields for the hydrolysis of xylan (hemicellulose) into xylooligosaccharide and xylose. The aims of this study were to  conduct partial purification and characterization of xylanase from marine Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 and to obtain the  xylooligosaccharide types from xylan hydrolysis by this enzyme.  Based on this research, the optimum time for enzyme production  occurred at 96 hours with the enzyme activity of 6.275 U/mL and  enzyme specific activity of 5.093 U/mg. The specific activities were  obtained from precipitation by amicon® ultra-15 centrifugal filter devices, gel filtration chromatography and anion exchange chromatography that were increased by 15.07, 34.7, and 96.0  U/mg. The results showed that the highest activity at pH 7, temperature of 60 °C, and stable at 4 °C. Type of  xylooligosaccharide produced by this study were xylohexoses, xylotriose, and xylobiose. SDS-PAGE analysis and zimogram  showed that the molecular weight of xylanase protein were about  25 kDa. ABSTRAKEnzim xilanase (EC 3.2.1.8) digunakan dalam hidrolisis xilan  (hemiselulosa) menjadi xilooligosakarida dan xilosa. Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk melakukan purifikasi parsial dan karakterisasi xilanase dari bakteri laut Bacillus safencis strain LBF P20 serta uji  hidrolisis untuk mengetahui jenis xilooligosakarida yang  dihasilkan oleh enzim tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, waktu optimum untuk produksi enzim terjadi pada jam ke 96  dengan aktivitas enzim sebesar 6,275 U/mL dan aktivitas spesifik enzim sebesar 5,093 (U/mg). Aktivitas spesifik enzim hasil  pemekatan dengan amicon® ultra-15 centrifugal filter devices,  kromatografi filtrasi gel dan kromatografi penukar anion  mengalami peningkatan berturut-turut sebesar 15,1; 34,7 dan96,0 U/mg. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan aktivitas  tertinggi pada pH 7, suhu 60 °C dan stabil pada suhu 4 °C. Analisis SDS-PAGE dan zimogram menunjukkan berat molekul protein xilanase berkisar 25 kDa. Jenis gula reduksi yang  dihasilkan yaitu xiloheksosa, xilotriosa, dan xilobiosa.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Herman ◽  
Chen Xie ◽  
Zi-Qian Zha ◽  
Zong-Nan Li ◽  
Jin-Zheng Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Aspartic protease emerges as an optimistic hydrolytic agent to obtain several protein hydrolysates. An aspartic protease gene from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris (GS115) and its hydrolytic potentials on silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae protein were determined. It was optimum at pH 4.0 and 50 °C and stable over pH range 4.0-5.0 and temperatures 45-55 °C with a specific activity of 8408.9 ± 305.6 U/mg. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the molecular weight of the recombinant protease to be 45 kDa. The half-life (t1/2) of the recombinant protease at 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C was 30, 25, 35, and 20 min, respectively. The protease showed enhanced activity in the presence of Cu2+, Pb2+ and SDS. Its substrate specificity studies were revealed in the order of cleaving ability to Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) > Silkworm pupae powder (SPP) > Casein > Casein sodium salt (CSS). Upon hydrolysis of silkworm pupae protein, it showed enhanced and plausible hydrolytic potentials, increasing the degree of hydrolysis to 50 ± 6.1% at 6 h, increased solubility by 80%, and improved functional properties. The stable characteristics and hydrolytic performance of the recombinant aspartic protease qualify it for industrial application, especially within the food and related industries.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Zusfahair Zusfahair ◽  
Dian Riana Ningsih ◽  
Amin Fatoni ◽  
Darul Santri Pertiwi

<p>Urease merupakam enzim yang digunakan dalam hidrolisis urea menjadi amoniak dan asam bikarbonat dan telah banyak digunakan dalam proses industri. Tujuan penelitian adalah isolasi dan pemurnian urease dari kacang panjang serta karakterisasinya. Penelitian dimulai dengan melakukan perkecambahan biji kacang panjang selama 8 hari. Kecambah biji kacang panjang selanjutnya diekstraksi dengan menggunakan buffer fosfat pH 7 dan dipisahkan menggunakan sentrifugasi sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kasar urease. Ekstrak kasar urease selanjutnya difraksinasi menggunakan aseton pada tingkat konsentrasi 20, 40, 60 dan 80%. Fraksi yang mempunyai aktivitas spesifik paling tinggi selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode SDS-PAGE untuk menentukan berat molekulnya dan dikarakterisasi lanjut meliputi: pengaruh suhu, pH, konsentrasi substrat dan penambahan ion logam terhadap aktivitas urease. Aktivitas urease ditentukan dengan metode Nessler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas spesifik urease dari kacang panjang paling tinggi ditemukan pada fraksi aseton (FA) 20. Hasil analisis berat molekul dengan metode SDS-PAGE diperoleh beberapa pita protein yang diduga berukuran sekitar 25 KDa dan 17 KDa. Kondisi optimum dari aktivitas urease diperoleh pada suhu 30 ºC, pH 7 dan konsentrasi urea 16,6 mM dengan nilai aktivitas 407,62 U/mL. EDTA dan ion logam dalam CaCl<sub>2</sub>, NaCl, NiCl<sub>2</sub> dan CuCl<sub>2 </sub>pada variasi konsentrasi 10<sup>-3</sup>, 10<sup>-4 </sup> dan 10<sup>-5 </sup>M merupakan inhibitor urease FA 20 dari kacang panjang.</p><p><strong><span lang="EN-US">Partial Purification and Characterization of Urease from Asparagus Bean (<em>Vigna unguiculata subsp sesquipedalis </em>L<em>.</em>). </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">Urease is an enzyme used in urea hydrolysis to ammonia and bicarbonate acid and has been widely used in industrial processes. The study focused on isolation and purification of urease from asparagus beans and its characterization. The study was started with germination of asparagus beans for 8 days. Germinated asparagus beans were further extracted using phosphate buffer pH 7 and separated by centrifugation to obtain a crude extract of urease. The crude extract of urease was further fractionated using acetone at concentrations of 20, 40, 60 and 80%. The fraction with highest specific activity was then </span><span>analyzed using SDS-PAGE method to determine its molecule weight and characterized further including the influence of </span><span lang="EN-US">temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and metal ion addition to urease activity. The urease activity was determined by the Nessler̕ s method. The results showed that the specific activity of urease from asparagus beans was found with highest activity in fraction of acetone (FA) 20. Analytical result using SDS-PAGE method was obtained some protein bands having molecular weights about 25 KD and 17 KDa. The optimum conditions of urease activity was obtained at 30 °C, pH 7, incubation time 20 min and urea concentration 16.6 mM with activity value 407.62 U/mL. EDTA and </span><span>metal ions contained in </span><span lang="EN-US">CaCl<sub>2</sub>, NaCl, NiCl<sub>2</sub> and CuCl<sub>2</sub> at concentrations of 10<sup>-3</sup>, 10<sup>-4</sup> and 10<sup>-5</sup> M were FA 20 urease inhibitors.</span></p>


1996 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Lin GUO ◽  
Stanley J ROUX

We report the isolation and characterization of a protein Ser/Thr phosphatase from highly purified pea nuclei. In subnuclear fractions, more than 75% of Ser/Thr protein phosphatase activity was associated with the chromatin fraction, whereas the other 25% was in the nuclear membrane/nucleoplasmic fraction when phosphorylase a was used as a substrate. The enzyme was purified approx. 2750-fold to a specific activity of approx. 4000 nmol/min per mg. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 34 kDa as estimated by molecular sieve chromatography, and approx. 40 kDa as estimated by SDS/PAGE. The phosphatase was inhibited by okadaic acid with an IC50 of approx. 15 nM, by rabbit muscle inhibitor 2 with an IC50 of approx. 10 nM, and by microcystin-LR with an IC50 of approx. 0.05 nM. The enzyme did not require Ca2+, Mg2+ or Mn2+ for its activity; instead, these cations showed some inhibitory effects. It was inhibited by NaF or citrate but not by tartrate, molybdate or vanadate under the conditions tested. Its sensitivities towards the various phosphatase inhibitors and its substrate specificity were very similar to those characteristic of the type 1 Ser/Thr protein phosphatases well studied in animal systems. The enzyme was able to selectively dephosphorylate a 92 kDa nuclear protein that had been phosphorylated by one or more endogenous protein kinases.


Author(s):  
Peichuan Xing ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Wen-Gong Yu ◽  
Xinzhi Lu

Renibacteriumsp. QD1, a bacteria strain capable of hydrolysing chitosan, was isolated from the homogenate of small crabs. An extracellular chitosanase, Csn-A, was purified from the QD1 fermentation broth. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity, with a yield of eight-fold, 67% recovery and a specific activity of 1575 U/mg proteins. The molecular weight of Csn-A was estimated to be 26.1 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Unlike other chitosanases, the purified Csn-A displayed maximal activity at a pH range of 5.3–6.5, and it was stable in a broad pH range of 5.0–10.0. The optimum temperature for chitosanlytic activity was 55°C. The enzyme activity was strongly stimulated by Mn2+but inhibited by Fe3+, Cu2+, Al3+, Zn2+and SDS. TLC analysis demonstrated that Csn-A hydrolysed N-deacetylated polymeric glucosamines into chito-biose and -triose in an endo-type manner. The amino acid seuquence of Csn-A showed close identity with an uncharacterized chitosanase of strain ATCC33209.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document