scholarly journals Predictors of the Occurrence of Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Adults during the First Six Months of Antiretroviral Therapy in Kisangani, DR Congo

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Dieudonné Lobela Bumba ◽  
Issa Yakusu Issa ◽  
Daniel Kazadi Musakayi ◽  
Floribert Olinda Loku ◽  
Jacques Ossinga Bassandja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To determine the predictive factors for the occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Kisangani. Methods: A case-control study was carried out during the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Clinical data were collected retrospectively from patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in the city of Kisangani. Of a total of 1,161 HIV-infected patients included in this study, 58 of them developed TB. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made on the presence of Acid-Alcohol-Resistant Bacile (BAAR) on at least one biological sample or on the basis of a bundle of clinical and paraclinical arguments. This test is done during the first six months of initiating anti retroviral therapy (ART). Predictive factors for the onset of TB in these patients on antiretroviral therapy were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results: After multivariate analysis, the independent factors associated with the onset of TB were: being married (OR = 4.456; 95% CI: 1.061-18.713), residence in the town of Tshopo (OR = 7.04; 95% CI: 1.168-42.47) as well as stages 3 and 4 of AIDS disease (OR = 29 95% CI: 4.563-184.872 and OR = 50.8 95% CI: 3.971-680.995). Conclusion: The results found by this study highlight the need for active TB testing in HIV-infected individuals. Particular emphasis should be placed on the category of patients on antiretroviral therapy who have one of the independent factors for the onset of TB.

Risk Factors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil: A Case–Control Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Gelenske ◽  
Francisco Alfredo Bandeira e Farias ◽  
Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes ◽  
Heloísa Ramos Lacerda de Melo ◽  
Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Factors associated with instrumental activities of daily living dependence in the elderly: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 4623-4630
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Vitorio Lini ◽  
Alisson Padilha de Lima ◽  
Fabricio Bruno Cardoso ◽  
Marilene Rodrigues Portella ◽  
Marlene Doring
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Instrumental Activities ◽  
The City ◽  
Control Study

Abstract The main goal of the study was to determine the factors associated with dependence to perform instrumental activities of daily living in the elderly. A population-based case-control study was conducted, with 180 elderly people from Passo Fundo-RS, 2014. The cases were represented by 60 individuals aged ≥ 60 years, dependents to perform instrumental activities of daily living residents of the urban area of the city. The controls were represented by 120 individuals, not dependents to perform instrumental activities of daily living, residents of the urban area of the city. Crude and multivariate analysis using Poisson regression were performed to test the association between the outcome and the independent variables, estimating the crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and calculating the 95% confidence intervals respectively. All the variables with p ≤ 0.20 were included in the final model. Remained statistically significant after adjusted analysis: being aged 80 years or more (OR = 1.76; CI95%: 1.01-3.08), having studied from 1 to 4 years (OR = 2.36; CI95%: 1.35-4.14), being illiterate (OR = 2.98; CI95%: 1.52-5.84), having Parkinson’s disease (OR = 2.44; CI95%: 1.39-4.29) and the presence of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.88; CI95%: 1.30-2.72).

scholarly journals Factors Associated with First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failure amongst HIV-Infected African Patients: A Case-Control Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Kwobah ◽  
Ann W. Mwangi ◽  
Julius K. Koech ◽  
Gilbert N. Simiyu ◽  
Abraham M. Siika
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Therapy Failure ◽  
First Line ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
African Patients ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of Virologic Failure among Adult HIV Patients on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy at Waghimra Zone, Northern Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abrham Emagnu ◽  
Zenahebezu Abay ◽  
Abera Balcha Bulti ◽  
Yaregal Animut
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Introduction. The primary goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to reduce the viral load in HIV-infected patients to promote quality of life, as well as to reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality. A high rate of virologic failure was reported in Waghimra Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, in viral load assessment conducted among HIV-infected patients on ART in the Amhara region. However, there is limited evidence on the determinants of virological failure in the study area. This study aimed to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Waghimra zone, Northern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 21 to June 30, 2019. Cases were people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART who had already experienced virological failure; controls were those without virological failure. Data were extracted from 92 cases and 184 controls through chart review using a pretested and structured checklist. The data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with virological failure, and variables with a P value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. This study revealed that poor adherence to ART (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.17, 8.31), taking ART for longer than five years (AOR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.17, 8.25), having drug toxicity (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.54, 7.23), age of PLHIV ≥ 35 years (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.29,4.64), and recent CD4 count <200 cells/mm³ (AOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.52, 6.13) were factors associated with virologic failure. Conclusion and Recommendation. This study showed that poor adherence to treatment, longer duration on ART, experiencing drug toxicity, older age, and recent CD4 <200 cell/mm³ are factors that increase the risk of virologic failure.

Epidemiology and factors associated with acute stress disorder in a population of burn patients in the city of Medellín: case-control study

Burns ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Tamayo-Gómez ◽  
Juliana Velásquez-Suárez ◽  
Lina Páramo-Duque ◽  
Diana Ortiz-Carmona ◽  
Lina Escobar-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The City ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of Therapy Failure Among Adults on First-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Asmara, Eritrea: A Multicenter Retrospective Matched Case-control Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Tekle Mengistu ◽  
Ghirmay Ghebrekidan Ghebremeskel ◽  
Hermon Berhe Ghebrat ◽  
Oliver Okoth Achila ◽  
Nahom Asmerom Yohannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Information on treatment failure (TF) in People living with HIV in data-poor jurisdictions is necessary to counter the rapidly escalating epidemic of TF to first-line combined anti-retroviral therapies (cART) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this study, we examined the risk factors associated with TF in Asmara, Eritrea.Methods: A multicenter, retrospective 1:2 matched (by age and gender) case-control study was conducted in four major hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea on adults aged >15 years who were on treatment for at least 6 months. Cases were patients with viral load ≥1000 copies/mL anytime between 2019-2021 and/or patients switched to second line cART. Controls were randomly selected from patients on first-line ART with viral load < 1000 copies/mL. Data was extracted using a checklist from the master data set and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for TF. All p-values were 2-sided and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses.Results: Of the 1068 participants, 585 (54.7%) were females. The median age at treatment initiation was 46 years (interquartile range (IQR): 39–51). Median time to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) failure was 37 months (IQR =24–47). In multivariate analysis factors associated with increased likelihood of virologic failure (VF) were the type of initially used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) backbone ( (Zidovudine+Lamivudine (AZT+3TC): adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.70; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.65-4.41, p-value<0.001), (Abacavir+lamivudine (ABC+3TC): aOR: 4.73; 95%CI: 1.18-18.92, p-value=0.028), and (Stavudine+Lamivudine (D4T+3TC): aOR: 5.00; 95% CI: 3.03-8.20, p-value<0.001), prior exposure to ART (aOR: 2.28; 95%CI:1.35–3.86; p=0.002), record of sub-optimal drug adherence (aOR: 3.08; 95%CI: 2.22–4.28; p<0.001), ambulatory/bedridden at presentation (aOR:1.61; 95%CI: 1.12-4.28; p-value=0.010), presence of comorbidities (aOR: 2.37; 95%CI: 1.36-4.10, p-value=0.002), duration of cART (<5 years: aOR: 5.90; 95% CI: 3.95-8.73, p-value<0.001), and use of SMX-TMP prophylaxis ( aOR : 2.00, 95%CI, 1.44-2.78, p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of optimizing cART adherence, diversification of cART regimens, and interventions directed at enhancing early HIV diagnosis, prompt initiations of treatment and improved patient focused monitoring of treatment response.

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