scholarly journals Combined used of Dry Cocoa Bean Test Ash (Theobroma cacao L.) and Poultry Dropping for the Improvement of Soil Fertility and Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth and Yield on a Humid Alfisol Southwestern, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Michael Rotimi Olojugba ◽  
Ezike Florence Chinedu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Poultry Droppings

The combine use of dry cocoa bean testa ash and poultry droppings for the improvement of soil fertility, maize growth and yield was studied on an Alfisol south western Nigeria, located at Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji-Arakeji, Ilesa Osun State, Nigeria. Research farm from April to July 2018 and from August to November 2018. Four treatments of poultry droppings (PD) at 5 tones  ha-1, cocoa bean testa ash (CBTA) ash at 5 tones ha-1, mixture of poultry droppings and cocoa bean testa ash (PD + CBTA) at 2.5 tones ha-1 each and control (C) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The study showed that organic manure is a valuable fertilizer and can serve as a suitable alternative to inorganic fertilizer in the south western Nigeria especially, CBTA that has higher concentration of potassium (K) and organic carbon (OC). Poultry droppings (PD 2.5 tones ha-1) treatments plus cocoa bean testa ash (CBTA 2.5 tones ha-1) produced higher values for plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, leaf area index, plant diameter, cob length, cob diameter and grain yield against the control that recorded the lowest value. Also, CBTA improves soil pH (94%) and OC (87%) over the control as well as increases minerals such as N, P, K Ca, Mg, and Na at 19%, 37%, 19%, 53%, 43% and 36% respectively.  Organic fertilizer applications increase maize growth towards the later stage and were significantly different from the control according to DMRT at p<0.05. Cocoa bean testa ash (CBTA) and poultry dropping (PD) application registered over 47% increases of N levels in the soil, from 0.15% to 0.77% to 0.84%. Organic carbon increased as poultry droppings plus cocoa bean testa ash were added to the soil. Maize grain yield increased from control plot to 1.95 t ha-1 in CBTA + PD plot. The study recommends an application rate of cocoa testa ash and poultry droppings for maize growth on this type of soil in this agro-ecology.

scholarly journals Combine Use of Dry Cocoa Bean Testa Ash and Wood Ash for Soil Fertility Improvement and Maize Yield on Degraded Tropical Humid Alfisol, Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Michael Rotimi Olojugba ◽  
David Boluwaji Oguntoyinbo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement

Combine use of dry cocoa bean testa ash (DCBTA) and wood ash (WA) for the improvement of soil fertility and yield of maize (Zea mays, L.) was studied on an Alfisol South Western Nigeria, located at Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji-Arakeji, Ilesa Osun State, Nigeria Teaching and  Research Farm from April to July 2017 and from August to November 2017. Four treatments of dry cocoa bean testa ash (DCBTA) at 5 tons/ha, wood ash (WA) at 5 tones/ hectare, dry cocoa bean testa ash (DCBTA) at 2.5 tons/ha, mixed with wood ash (WA) at 2.5 tons/ha and control (C) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by the use of Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. The study showed that dry cocoa bean testa ash (DCBTA) either used alone or in combination with wood ash (WA) is a valuable fertilizer and can serve as a suitable alternative to inorganic fertilizer in the south western Nigeria especially, DCBTA has higher concentration of potassium (K) and organic carbon than wood ash. Wood ash (WA) 2.5 tones/ha) treatment plus dry cocoa bean testa ash (DCBTA 2.5 tones/ha) produced higher values for plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, plant diameter, cob length, cob diameter and grain yield against the control that recorded the lowest value. Also, DCBTA improves soil pH as well as increases minerals such as Ca, Mg, Na and in particular, made available phosphorous due to its increment on soil pH. pH increased from 5.4 to 7.4 (DCBTA), 6.9 (WA) and 7.42 (DCBTA + WA). N levels in the soil increased from 0.05% to 2.61% (DCBTA) and 1.95% (DCBTA + WA). Organic carbon (OC) increased from 0.08% to 2.31% (DCBTA) and 3.11% (DCBTA + WA). P level decreased from 3.5 mg/kg to 2.49 mg/kg (DCBTA) and 2.50 mg/kg (DCBTA + WA) which was an indication of P availability to crop during growing season.  Maize grain yield increased from 0.74 ton/ha in the control plot to 1.82 tons/ha in DCBTA and 1.89tons/ha in (DCBTA + WA). The study recommends an application rate of 5 tons/ha of dry cocoa testa ash (DCBTA) alone or 2.5 tons/ha combination each of (DCBTA) and WA for maize yield and soil fertility improvement on this type of soil in this agro-ecology.

scholarly journals Maize Growth and Yield Response to Incremental Rates of Nitrogen in N-Depleted Lixisols in Northern Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Ayew Appiah ◽  
Joseph Xorse Kugbe ◽  
Ahmed Mahama Rufai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

To help economize fertilizer use and predict soil-based and site-specific fertilization regimes in crop production, knowledge on crop response to incremental rates of nutrition have long been identified to play a significant role. In the nutrient-poor lixisols of northern Ghana where bulk of Ghanaian maize is produced, the response of maize growth and yield to eleven rates of N fertilization was evaluated in 2019 as a first step in developing a tool that could predict site-specific nitrogen rates for optimum maize production. The rates were 00, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, and 150 kg/ha; laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Collected maize growth and yield data were subjected to analyses of variance, where significantly different means were separated at a probability of 5% using the least significant difference. The study revealed no significant differences in plant height from the third to sixth week after planting, days to 50% flowering, 100 grain weight, and leaf area index at sixth week after planting. However, plant height and leaf area index at ninth week, cob weight, cob length, straw weight and grain yield were significantly affected by N fertilizer rates. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates had a pronounced effect on later-stages of growth, on grain yield and on yield components of maize.  Application of 120 to 150 kg/ha N achieved statistically similar, and maximum growth and yield parameters compared to lower rates. The findings provide essential agronomic data required to relate soil test results with corresponding maize yield.

scholarly journals Application of Dry Cocoa Bean Shell Ash and NPK 15:15:15 for Improvement of Soil Fertility and Maize Yield on a Degraded Humid Tropical Alfisol, Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Michael Rotimi Olojugba ◽  
David Boluwaji Oguntoyinbo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Suitable Alternative

The application of dry cocoa bean shell ash (DCBSA) and NPK 15:15:15 for the improvement of soil fertility and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) was studied on an Alfisol South Western Nigeria, located at Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji-Arakeji, Ilesa Osun State, Nigeria Teaching and Research Farm from April to July 2017 and from August to November 2016. Four treatments of dry cocoa bean shell ash (DCBSA) at 5 tonsha-1, NPK 15:15:15 at 300 kgha-1, dry cocoa bean shell ash (DCBSA) at 2.5 tonsha-1, mixed NPK 15:15:15 at 150 kgha-1 and control (C) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by the use of Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. The study showed that dry cocoa bean shell ash (DCBSA) used alone can serve as a suitable alternative to inorganic fertilizer in the south western Nigeria, Especially, DCBSA has higher organic carbon than NPK dry cocoa bean shell ash (DCBSA) at 5 t ha-1, NPK 15:15:15 at 300 kg ha-1, dry cocoa bean shell ash (DCBSA) at 2.5 t ha-1, mixed NPK 15:15:15 at 150 kg ha-1 produced higher values for plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, plant diameter, cob length, cob diameter and grain yield against the control that recorded the lowest value. Also. DCBSA improves soil pH as well as increases minerals such as Ca, Mg, Na and in particular, made available phosphorous due to its increment on soil pH. pH increased fro 5.3 to 7.8 DCBSA, N levels in the soil increased from 0.06g kg-1 to 2.61g kg-1 (DCBSA) and 2.10 g kg-1 (DCBTA + NPK). Organic carbon (OC) increased from 0.07 g kg-1 to 2.87g kg-1 DCBSA plot.  P level decreased from 3.7 mg dm-3 to 1.09 mg dm-3 (DCBSA) and 1.81 mg dm-3 (NPK) and 1.42 mg dm-3 (DCBSA + NPK)  which was an indication of P availability to crop during growing season.  Maize grain yield increased from 0.77 tonsha-1 in the control plot to 1.25 t ha-1 in DCBSA plot, 1.22 t ha-1 a in NPK plot and 1.26 t ha-1. in DCBSA + NPK plot.   The study recommends an application rate of 5 t ha-1 of dry cocoa shell ash (DCBSA) alone or 2.5 t ha-1 combination each of (DCBSA + NPK) for maize yield and fertility improvement on this type of soil in this agro - ecology.

scholarly journals Growth and yield attributes of wheat crop in response to application of micronutrients: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-829
Author(s):  
Ganpat Louhar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crop and staple foods in the world. Increase in productivity of wheat by balance nutrient management is one of the most crucial factors. The main objective this study is to assessing the role of micronutrients in improving different components of wheat yield. There are different methods of application such as seed priming, soil application and fortification but foliar application is more beneficial. This is due to response of foliar application has positive and quadrate in nature i.e. the optimum dose of foliar application of zinc for grain yield of wheat was observed as 0.04%. Among treatments of micronutrient alone or combined forms give better results over control. Results have show that micronutrient application substantially improved leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration, CGR (Crop growth rate), RGR (Relative growth rate), NAR (Net assimilation rate), plant height, spike length, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, tillers m-2, grain yield, chlorophyll content and biological yield as well as harvest index of wheat. The yield and quality of wheat products improved and boosted by micronutrient applications. Therefore, human and animal health will be protected with the feed of enriched and balanced nutrition of produce as well as it will help in facing the severe global food security.

scholarly journals Effect of Spacing and Nitrogen Level on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Mid hill of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Ramhari Gaire ◽  
Chudamani Pant ◽  
Nischal Sapkota ◽  
Rajan Dhamaniya ◽  
Tej Narayan Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Close Spacing

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to study the effect of spacing and nitrogen level on growth and yield of maize in Parbat from February to July, 2019. The experiment was laid out in two Factorial Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of spacing: 60×15 cm and 60×25 cm and nitrogen: 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha level as treatment with three replications. “Arun-2” variety of maize was planted on clay loam and acidic soil (pH 5.3) having medium in total nitrogen (0.15%), medium in soil available phosphorus (48.1 kg/ha), medium in soil available potassium (218.8 kg/ha) and medium in organic matter content (2.92%). Result shows that yield was significantly increased with increment in N-level up to 90 kg N/ha. The grain yield (5.18 mt/ha) was significantly higher at 90 kg N/ha than at 30 and 60 kg N/ha but at par with 120 kg N/ha. Significant effect on grain yield due to spacing was observed. The grain yield (4.11 mt/ha) obtained at spacing 60×15 cm. Moreover, the highest grain yield showed that highest grain yield (4.33 mt/ha) was obtained under 90 kg N/ha plus 60×15 cm spacing. The result revealed that different spacing and nitrogen level significantly affect the plant height and leaf area index. The plant height and leaf area index were significantly high at close spacing (60×15 cm) and at 120 kg N/ha. Likewise, yield attributing characteristics like cob length, cob diameter, number of kernel/rows, number of kernel row, thousand gran weight were the highest at 90 kg/ha but as par with 120 kg/ha at close spacing (60×15 cm). This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating “Arun-2” maize fertilizing with 90 kg N/ha and maintaining 60×15 cm spacing.

scholarly journals Alterations in growth and canopy architecture among dwarf, semidwarf and tall oat lines grown under northern conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. MÄKELÄ ◽  
S. MUURINEN ◽  
P. PELTONEN-SAINIO
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Yield Formation

The Finnish growing season is particularly short, with an intensive growth period, unfavourable rainfall distribution and frequently occurring fluctuations in climate that affect crop growth and yield formation. A three-year study was conducted in the field to determine the contribution of alterations in canopy structure, tillering and stem elongation among dwarf (D), semidwarf (SD) and tall (T) oat (Avena sativa L.) lines to yield formation. Yield components, leaf characteristics and straw traits were measured from six oat lines (D lines Pal and Grane, SD lines Hja 76416 and Salo, and T lines Veli and Jalostettu maatiainen) separately on the main shoot and tillers. Results indicated that long leaf area duration and high leaf area index were associated with increased grain yield probably due to more persistent and active assimilation. Also, higher number of leaves increased the grain yield. Higher peduncle, straw and node weights associating with increased grain yield may result from more abundant assimilate reserves; however, the longer the straw and peduncle, the lower the grain yield, which may result from increased lodging of SD and T lines. The traits contributing most to the grain yield varied greatly from year to year. It is concluded that no single dominant trait determined grain yield, since yield is a product of several different traits. SD lines seemed to be most promising for further breeding programs on the basis of their growth pattern and yielding ability.;

scholarly journals Nodulation, Growth and Yield of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] as Influenced by Biofertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizers in Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiyot Abeje ◽  
Getachew Alemayehu ◽  
Tesfaye Feyisa
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Background: The productivity of soybean in Assosa Zone particularly in Assosa and Bambassi districts is very low due to poor soil fertility management practices which resulted in severe soil acidity and low N-fixing inoculant in the soil. Hence, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biofertilizer and inorganic fertilizers on nodulation, growth and yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Methods: During the period 2019-2020 factorial combinations of four levels of biofertilizer inoculants [without inoculant (B1), SB12 inoculant (B2), MAR1495 inoculant (B3) and SB12 plus MAR1495 inoculants (B4); and four inorganic fertilizer types NP (F1), NPS (F2), NPB (F3) and NPSB (F4) at their recommended rates for soybean] were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Assosa and Bambassi districts, Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia. Number of effective nodules per plant, leaf area index and grain yield were collected following the standard procedures and were analyzed using SAS software version 9.1.3 and significant mean differences were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. Result: Number of effective nodules per plant, leaf area index and grain yield were highly significantly (P less than 0.01) affected by the interactions of biofertilizer and inorganic fertilizers at both locations and years. Thus, the maximum grain yield (2621.67 kg) was obtained from (SB12+MAR1495) + NPSB at Assosa and the maximum grain yield (2460.20 kg) was obtained from SB12+NPS at Bambassi. Hence, (SB12+MAR1495) + NPSB and SB12+NPS are recommended for higher soybean grain yield for Assosa and Bambassi districts and similar agro-ecologies, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of some soil amendments on the agronomic performance of maize varieties in a low fertile soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Kolawole E. LAW-OGBOMO ◽  
Remande AHMADU ◽  
Sunday A. OGEDEGBE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Maize Varieties

A field study was conducted in cropping seasons to determine the comparative effects of some soil amendments on postharvest soil chemical properties and performance of maize (Zea mays L.) in humid low fertile soil. The experiment was laid out in 3 x 4 split plot arrangement, fitted into a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots were maize varieties (‘SUWAN-I-SR’, ‘Oba 98’ and ‘Uselu’ local maize) and the subplots were soil amendments (control, poultry manure, cattle manure and NPK). Data were collected on growth parameters (plant heights (cm), number of leaves, leaf area index and stem girth) at 50% silking stage. At harvest, data were collected on grain yield components and several soil chemical properties. The results showed that the variety had significant (p<0.05) effect on growth and yield performance of maize. Fertilizer application significantly (p<0.05) improved maize vegetative characters. The fertilized plants were higher in all the parameters accessed than the unfertilized plants. ‘SUWAN-1-SR’ had the highest grain yield (2.49 t ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2.22 and 2.11 t ha-1 were produced from plants fertilized with NPK and poultry manure, respectively. Variety significantly (p<0.05) influenced organic carbon, available P, exchangeable acidity (H+ and Al3+). Poultry and cattle manures improved soil fertility through increase in soil pH, organic carbon and exchangeable cations. Since NPK and poultry manure had the highest grain yield, poultry manure could be used as viable option for maize production in low fertile soil environment, due to low cost and for environmental cleanliness.

scholarly journals Determination of Principal Yield Attributing Traits of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) Using Multivariate Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-602
Author(s):  
L. Rana ◽  
◽  
H. Banerjee ◽  
D. Mazumdar ◽  
S. Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The field experiments were conducted at farmer’s field, Madandanga village under Chakdaha Block of Nadia district in West Bengal during rabi season 2014-15 and 2015-16. Treatments were distributed in split-factorial design, with three varieties (P ‘3533’, P ‘3396’, P ‘30V92’) in the main plot and three planting density (55,555, 66,666, 83,333 plants ha-1) × three sowing dates (November 20, November 30, December 10) combinations in the sub-plots, replicated thrice. Irrespective of planting density and sowing date, the variety ‘P30V92’ produced the highest yield, followed by ‘P3396’ and ‘P3533’. The significantly highest grain and stover yield was obtained in high density planting (83,333 plants ha-1), accounting 44.2 and 39.6% more than low planting density (55,555 plants ha-1), respectively. The maximum grain and stover yields were obtained from Nov. 20 sown plants; being 7.71 and 11.95% more than the grain yield derived from late sown (Dec. 10) plants. A correlation study showed that among the growth and yield components, leaf area index (0.96) and shelling percentage (0.91) exhibited highly positive direct effects on the grain yield of hybrid maize. However, other growth attributes, namely P uptake (0.88), K uptake (0.86) and plant height (0.81) exerted comparatively low positive direct effects on the grain yield of hybrid maize. Further, the standard regression equation revealed a significant relationship of shelling percentage (p≤0.01), leaf area index (p≤0.01) and uptake of P (p≤0.05) with grain yield.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Cowpea as Influenced by Different Phosphorus Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
FB Putul ◽  
AR Khan ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
A Mahmud ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Genotype A ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The experiment was carried out at the research field of the Department of Agronomy of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during December 2016 to April 2017 to investigate the effect of different phosphorus levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P ha-1) on the growth and yield of four selected cowpea genotypes (BARI Felon-1, A-06008, VI046192 and VI034386). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that, among the genotype, BARI Felon-1  required minimum days to 1st (96 DAS) and 50% flowering (108 DAS) showing the highest absolute growth rate (0.71 g day-1), crop growth rate (23.69 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (0.047 g g-1 day-1), net assimilation rate (1.40 g m-2 day-1), leaf area index (6.68), SPAD value (51.03), seed length (0.71 cm) and breadth (0.54 cm). But the genotype, A-06008 gave the highest grain yield (0.62 t ha-1). Application of phosphorus at 90 kg ha-1 showed the highest leaf area index (6.67), SPAD value (50.98), pod length (14.33 cm), seed length (0.70 cm), seed breadth (0.50 cm) and grain yield (0.34 t ha-1). In terms of growth and yield, the cowpea genotype A-06008 showed the best performance at the phosphorus level of 90 kg ha-1. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 25-36

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