scholarly journals Determination of Principal Yield Attributing Traits of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) Using Multivariate Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-602
Author(s):  
L. Rana ◽  
◽  
H. Banerjee ◽  
D. Mazumdar ◽  
S. Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The field experiments were conducted at farmer’s field, Madandanga village under Chakdaha Block of Nadia district in West Bengal during rabi season 2014-15 and 2015-16. Treatments were distributed in split-factorial design, with three varieties (P ‘3533’, P ‘3396’, P ‘30V92’) in the main plot and three planting density (55,555, 66,666, 83,333 plants ha-1) × three sowing dates (November 20, November 30, December 10) combinations in the sub-plots, replicated thrice. Irrespective of planting density and sowing date, the variety ‘P30V92’ produced the highest yield, followed by ‘P3396’ and ‘P3533’. The significantly highest grain and stover yield was obtained in high density planting (83,333 plants ha-1), accounting 44.2 and 39.6% more than low planting density (55,555 plants ha-1), respectively. The maximum grain and stover yields were obtained from Nov. 20 sown plants; being 7.71 and 11.95% more than the grain yield derived from late sown (Dec. 10) plants. A correlation study showed that among the growth and yield components, leaf area index (0.96) and shelling percentage (0.91) exhibited highly positive direct effects on the grain yield of hybrid maize. However, other growth attributes, namely P uptake (0.88), K uptake (0.86) and plant height (0.81) exerted comparatively low positive direct effects on the grain yield of hybrid maize. Further, the standard regression equation revealed a significant relationship of shelling percentage (p≤0.01), leaf area index (p≤0.01) and uptake of P (p≤0.05) with grain yield.

Effects of Planting Density on Leaf Area and Productivity of Two Maize Cultivars in Nigeria

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Remison ◽  
E. O. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Cultivars

SUMMARYTwo maize cvs, FARZ 23 and FARZ 25, were grown at three densities (37,000, 53,000 and 80,000 plants/ha) in 1979 and 1980. Leaf area index (LAI) increased with increase in plant population and was at a maximum at mid-silk. Grain yield was highest at 53,000 plants/ha. There was no relation between LAI and grain yield but there was a positive correlation between LAI and total dry matter yield.

scholarly journals Leaf Removal Affects Maize Morphology and Grain Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhou Liu ◽  
Yunshan Yang ◽  
Wanmao Liu ◽  
Xiaoxia Guo ◽  
Jun Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Source Sink

Increasing planting density is an important practice associated with increases in maize yield, but densely planted maize can suffer from poor light conditions. In our two-year field experiments, two morphologically different cultivars, ZD958 (less compact) and DH618 (more compact), were planted at 120,000 plants ha−1 and 135,000 plants ha−1, respectively. We established different leaf area index (LAI) treatments by removing leaves three days after silking: (1) control, no leaves removed (D0); (2) the two uppermost leaves removed (D1); (3) the four uppermost leaves removed (D2); (4) the leaves below the third leaf below the ear removed (D3); (5) the leaves of D1 and D3 removed (D4); (6) the leaves of D2 and D3 removed (D5). Optimal leaf removal improved light distribution, increased photosynthetic capacity and the post-silking source-sink ratio, and thus the grain yield, with an average LAI of 5.9 (5.6 and 6.2 for ZD958 and DH618, respectively) for the highest yields in each year. Therefore, less-compact cultivars should have smaller or fewer topmost leaves or leaves below the ear that quickly senesce post-silking, so as to decrease leaf area and thus improve light distribution and photosynthetic capacity in the canopy under dense planting conditions. However, for more compact cultivars, leaves below the ear should senesce quickly after silking to reduce leaf respiration and improve the photosynthetic capacity of the remaining top residual leaves. In future maize cultivation, compact cultivars with optimal post-silking LAI should be adopted when planting densely.

scholarly journals Estimation of Peanut Leaf Area Index from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Multispectral Images

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6732
Author(s):  
Haixia Qi ◽  
Bingyu Zhu ◽  
Zeyu Wu ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Jianwen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Multispectral Images ◽  
Area Index

Leaf area index (LAI) is used to predict crop yield, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide new ways to monitor LAI. In this study, we used a fixed-wing UAV with multispectral cameras for remote sensing monitoring. We conducted field experiments with two peanut varieties at different planting densities to estimate LAI from multispectral images and establish a high-precision LAI prediction model. We used eight vegetation indices (VIs) and developed simple regression and artificial neural network (BPN) models for LAI and spectral VIs. The empirical model was calibrated to estimate peanut LAI, and the best model was selected from the coefficient of determination and root mean square error. The red (660 nm) and near-infrared (790 nm) bands effectively predicted peanut LAI, and LAI increased with planting density. The predictive accuracy of the multiple regression model was higher than that of the single linear regression models, and the correlations between Modified Red-Edge Simple Ratio Index (MSR), Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and LAI were higher than the other indices. The combined VI BPN model was more accurate than the single VI BPN model, and the BPN model accuracy was higher. Planting density affects peanut LAI, and reflectance-based vegetation indices can help predict LAI.

scholarly journals Effect of Spacing and Nitrogen Level on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Mid hill of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Ramhari Gaire ◽  
Chudamani Pant ◽  
Nischal Sapkota ◽  
Rajan Dhamaniya ◽  
Tej Narayan Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Close Spacing

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to study the effect of spacing and nitrogen level on growth and yield of maize in Parbat from February to July, 2019. The experiment was laid out in two Factorial Randomized complete Block Design (RCBD) comprising of spacing: 60×15 cm and 60×25 cm and nitrogen: 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha level as treatment with three replications. “Arun-2” variety of maize was planted on clay loam and acidic soil (pH 5.3) having medium in total nitrogen (0.15%), medium in soil available phosphorus (48.1 kg/ha), medium in soil available potassium (218.8 kg/ha) and medium in organic matter content (2.92%). Result shows that yield was significantly increased with increment in N-level up to 90 kg N/ha. The grain yield (5.18 mt/ha) was significantly higher at 90 kg N/ha than at 30 and 60 kg N/ha but at par with 120 kg N/ha. Significant effect on grain yield due to spacing was observed. The grain yield (4.11 mt/ha) obtained at spacing 60×15 cm. Moreover, the highest grain yield showed that highest grain yield (4.33 mt/ha) was obtained under 90 kg N/ha plus 60×15 cm spacing. The result revealed that different spacing and nitrogen level significantly affect the plant height and leaf area index. The plant height and leaf area index were significantly high at close spacing (60×15 cm) and at 120 kg N/ha. Likewise, yield attributing characteristics like cob length, cob diameter, number of kernel/rows, number of kernel row, thousand gran weight were the highest at 90 kg/ha but as par with 120 kg/ha at close spacing (60×15 cm). This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating “Arun-2” maize fertilizing with 90 kg N/ha and maintaining 60×15 cm spacing.

scholarly journals Influence of seed priming and water stress on selected physiological traits of borage

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Dastborhan ◽  
Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Area Index

Abstract Borage is a valuable medicinal plant with various constituents in leaves, flowers and seeds. Hence, it is important to improve the performance of this medicinal plant under different environmental conditions. Thus, two field experiments were arranged as split-plots based on a RCB design with three replications in 2012 and 2013, to evaluate the effects of seed priming and different irrigation intervals on selected physiological properties of borage leaves. Irrigation intervals (irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 mm evaporation from Class A pans, respectively) and priming treatments (control, water, KNO3 and KH2PO4) were allocated to the main and sub plots, respectively. The chlorophyll content index was enhanced under limited irrigation treatments, mainly due to a decrease in leaf area index and intercepting more radiation. However, the membrane stability index was stable under different irrigation intervals. Decreased relative water content and leaf area index and increased leaf temperature under lower water availability led to some reductions in the grain yield of borage. All of the priming techniques, particularly hydro-priming, enhanced the seedling emergence rate, leaf area index and consequently grain yield per unit area. Therefore, seed hydro-priming can be used to improve the field performance of borage, particularly when sufficient water is available.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CERES-MAIZE MODEL FOR HYBRID MAIZE (Zea mays L.) PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Amied Ali ◽  
Bashrat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plot Design

The trial was conducted at Agronomic Research farm, University of Sargodha during spring growing season, 2015, to calibrate and evaluate CERES-Maize model for simulating the impact of different sowing time on maize crop. The experiment was laid out in split plot design having three replications, keeping planting dates (25th Feb, 6thMar and 14thMar) in main plots and hybrids i.e. (DK-9108, DK-6525 and DK-6142) in the sub plots. The Calibration of CSM-CERES-Maize model showed the best possible closeness between simulated and observed days to flowering and physiological maturity, leaf area index (LAI), Total dry matter (TDM), and grain yield with % error of 4.0, -1.5, 0.41, 0.07, 0.14 and 0.3% , respectively, when maize hybrid H1 (DK- 6142) was sown at firstsowing date (25th Feb). DSSAT,CERES- Maize model predicted the phenological traits like anthesis and maturity phase. Number of days to anthesis and maturity simulated by model were lesser to the observed values, where as, simulated grain yield was higher as compared to observed data for all the three cultivars. Model calculated the close similarity between experimental and computer-generated values for leaf area index.

scholarly journals Nodulation, Growth and Yield of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] as Influenced by Biofertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizers in Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiyot Abeje ◽  
Getachew Alemayehu ◽  
Tesfaye Feyisa
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Background: The productivity of soybean in Assosa Zone particularly in Assosa and Bambassi districts is very low due to poor soil fertility management practices which resulted in severe soil acidity and low N-fixing inoculant in the soil. Hence, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of biofertilizer and inorganic fertilizers on nodulation, growth and yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Methods: During the period 2019-2020 factorial combinations of four levels of biofertilizer inoculants [without inoculant (B1), SB12 inoculant (B2), MAR1495 inoculant (B3) and SB12 plus MAR1495 inoculants (B4); and four inorganic fertilizer types NP (F1), NPS (F2), NPB (F3) and NPSB (F4) at their recommended rates for soybean] were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Assosa and Bambassi districts, Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia. Number of effective nodules per plant, leaf area index and grain yield were collected following the standard procedures and were analyzed using SAS software version 9.1.3 and significant mean differences were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. Result: Number of effective nodules per plant, leaf area index and grain yield were highly significantly (P less than 0.01) affected by the interactions of biofertilizer and inorganic fertilizers at both locations and years. Thus, the maximum grain yield (2621.67 kg) was obtained from (SB12+MAR1495) + NPSB at Assosa and the maximum grain yield (2460.20 kg) was obtained from SB12+NPS at Bambassi. Hence, (SB12+MAR1495) + NPSB and SB12+NPS are recommended for higher soybean grain yield for Assosa and Bambassi districts and similar agro-ecologies, respectively.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Cowpea as Influenced by Different Phosphorus Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
FB Putul ◽  
AR Khan ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
A Mahmud ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Genotype A ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The experiment was carried out at the research field of the Department of Agronomy of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during December 2016 to April 2017 to investigate the effect of different phosphorus levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P ha-1) on the growth and yield of four selected cowpea genotypes (BARI Felon-1, A-06008, VI046192 and VI034386). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that, among the genotype, BARI Felon-1  required minimum days to 1st (96 DAS) and 50% flowering (108 DAS) showing the highest absolute growth rate (0.71 g day-1), crop growth rate (23.69 g m-2 day-1), relative growth rate (0.047 g g-1 day-1), net assimilation rate (1.40 g m-2 day-1), leaf area index (6.68), SPAD value (51.03), seed length (0.71 cm) and breadth (0.54 cm). But the genotype, A-06008 gave the highest grain yield (0.62 t ha-1). Application of phosphorus at 90 kg ha-1 showed the highest leaf area index (6.67), SPAD value (50.98), pod length (14.33 cm), seed length (0.70 cm), seed breadth (0.50 cm) and grain yield (0.34 t ha-1). In terms of growth and yield, the cowpea genotype A-06008 showed the best performance at the phosphorus level of 90 kg ha-1. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 25-36

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Stability of Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) as Affected by Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cow Dung in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
I. Audu ◽  
R. Idris
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maize Varieties

A field experiment to study the growth and yield stability of maize varieties (Zea mays L.) to different rates of nitrogen fertilizer and cow dung in Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria was conducted in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons at the Food and Agricultural Organization/Tree crops Plantation (FAO/TCP) Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi. Two maize varieties; viz. Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and Extra Early White (EEW) were selected for sowing. They were assigned to the main plots and nitrogen with cow dung assigned to the subplots in a factorial combination with nitrogen at the rates of 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 and cow dung at 0, 1- and 2-ton ha-1 in split plot design. Data were collected on plant height, leaf area per plant, leaf area index and grain yield per hectare. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result showed that EEW had the highest plant height (190.77 cm), higher leaf area per plant (535.6 cm2) and leaf area index (0.40 cm) than QPM. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield parameters increased as the nitrogen fertilizer was increased. 120kg N ha-1 gave the highest plant height (195.68 cm) and grain yield (5658.3 kg). The control plot produced the least; 164.77 cm (plant height) and 2662.50 kg ha-1 (grain yield). Application of 1ton ha-1 cow dung exhibited the highest plant height, (95.00 cm), leaf area per plant (518.91 cm2) and leaf area index (0.37 cm). There was an interaction of variety with nitrogen on plant height and grain yield. High interaction of variety with cow dung on plant height and leaf area per plant was recorded. There was an interaction of nitrogen with cow dung on plant height, leaf area per plant and leaf area index. However, there was an interaction of variety with nitrogen and cow dung on plant height, leaf area per plant and leaf area index. Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased the yield of QPM maize along with 2-ton ha-1 of cow dung.

scholarly journals Validation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids for the Study on Variability, Trait Association, and Path Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
M. Ramesh Kanna ◽  
Hiramani Barman ◽  
Kasireddy Sivasankarreddy ◽  
Dikshita Gogoi ◽  
T. V. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Pollen Shed

The present investigation was conducted with nine genotypes in randomized block design during Rabi, 2019-20 at the instructional-cum-research farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. All the characters exhibited significant genotypic mean squares in analysis of variance except anthesis silking interval, kernel rows per ear and 100 kernel weights. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for the traits plant height, ear height, ears per plant, ear length, kernels per row, chlorophyll content, leaf area index 60 days after sowing (LAI 60 DAS), LAI 90 DAS, harvest index, grain yield per plant and grain yield per hectare. Significant genetic association of grain yield per plant and grain yield per hectare with days to 50% pollen shed, days to 50% silk, days to 100% dry husk, ear height, kernels per row, LAI 60DAS and LAI 90 DAS. Genotypic path analysis revealed that the characters, days to 50% silk, days to 100% dry husk, plant height, ears per plant, ear diameter and harvest index had the highest positive direct effects on grain yield per hectare while days to 50% pollen shed and ear height had the highest negative direct effect on grain yield per hectare. The hybrids namely, PAC 751, CP 333 and PAC 751 ELITE, were found to be the three best hybrids to possess a high estimate of desirable traits such as days to 50% pollen shed, days to 50% silk, days to 100% dry husk, plant height, ear height, ear diameter, leaf area index at 60 days after sowing, lea area index at 90 days after sowing, grain yield per plant and grain yield per hectare.

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