The Concept of Direct Perception in Ayurveda

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Dilip Kr. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Direct Perception

Narrative Empathie und der ethische Wert der Perspektiveneinnahme

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schmetkamp
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Epistemic Situation ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Moral Value

Narrative Empathie liegt dann vor, wenn der empathische Nachvollzugsprozess der (emotionalen, epistemischen) Situationen anderer Personen oder fiktiver Figuren durch ein Narrativ, das heißt eine sinnzusammenhängende Erzählung, ausgelöst und strukturiert wird. Der Aufsatz knüpft an den phänomenologischen Ansatz von Empathie als direkte Wahrnehmung an, vertritt aber die These, dass gerade bei Narrativen die Imagination und die Perspektiveneinnahme hinzukommen müssen, damit retrospektiv, prospektiv oder gegenwärtig die Situation des Anderen und seiner individuellen Perspektive vergegenwärtigt und verstanden werden kann. Der narrativen Empathie wird ein indirekter ethischer Wert zugeschrieben: Durch das empathisch anschauliche Anteilnehmen am Narrativ des Anderen und einen damit verbundenen Perspektivwechsel können auch unsere eigenen Perspektiven erweitert werden; dies kann zu besserem Verständnis ungewohnter Sichtweisen führen und moralische Gefühle und Handlungen motivieren. Narrative empathy is the complex re-presentation of an (emotional, epistemic) situation of another person or a fictional character by means of a narrative, which is a structured and perspectively colored context of meaning. The paper sympathizes with the phenomenological approach of empathy as direct perception though at the same time arguing that in cases of (literary, filmic, dramatic) narratives imagination and perspective-taking is also needed in order to be able to comprehend and to understand the other’s situation retrospectively, prospectively or at present. According to the author, narrative empathy has an indirect moral value: the vivid empathetic participation in the other’s narrative and the process of perspective-taking can help to broaden one’s horizons; this can lead to a better understanding of unfamiliar and other worldviews and motivate moral emotions and actions.

scholarly journals The Neural Basis of Vivid Memory Is Patterned on Perception

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1867-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley R. Buchsbaum ◽  
Sabrina Lemire-Rodger ◽  
Candice Fang ◽  
Hervé Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Initial Perception ◽  
Experiential Quality ◽  
High Degree

When we have a rich and vivid memory for a past experience, it often feels like we are transported back in time to witness once again this event. Indeed, a perfect memory would exactly mimic the experiential quality of direct sensory perception. We used fMRI and multivoxel pattern analysis to map and quantify the similarity between patterns of activation evoked by direct perception of a diverse set of short video clips and the vivid remembering, with closed eyes, of these clips. We found that the patterns of distributed brain activation during vivid memory mimicked the patterns evoked during sensory perception. Using whole-brain patterns of activation evoked by perception of the videos, we were able to accurately classify brain patterns that were elicited when participants tried to vividly recall those same videos. A discriminant analysis of the activation patterns associated with each video revealed a high degree (explaining over 80% of the variance) of shared representational similarity between perception and memory. These results show that complex, multifeatured memory involves a partial reinstatement of the whole pattern of brain activity that is evoked during initial perception of the stimulus.

The Expressive Culture of Sound Communication among Humans and Other Beings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Todd Titon
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Expressive Culture ◽  
Sound Communication ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Direct Social Perception

This chapter is divided into four parts, addressed in turn to four questions: (1) How might phenomenological methods inform field research and ethnographic studies of people making music? (2) How do concepts from phenomenology, especially direct social perception, direct perception empathy, and embodiment, inform research on the expressive culture of same-species beings, both human and nonhuman, communicating with each other by means of sound? (3) How might phenomenology contribute to our understanding of cross-species sonic communication? (4) What might be gained (and lost) when ethnomusicologists reorient their research from the study of people making music to eco-ethnomusicology, the study of beings making sound?

Investigating students' similarity judgments in organic chemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Graulich ◽  
G. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Critical Attribute ◽  
Visual Science ◽  
Similarity Judgments ◽  
Lewis Structures

Organic chemistry is possibly the most visual science of all chemistry disciplines. The process of scientific inquiry in organic chemistry relies on external representations, such as Lewis structures, mechanisms, and electron arrows. Information about chemical properties or driving forces of mechanistic steps is not available through direct perception, and thus looking beyond the respresentation is challenging for learners. In this study, we investigated the categorization behavior of undergraduate students enrolled in an organic chemistry course when engaged in various categorization tasks involving electrophilic addition reactions to alkenes. The critical attribute a student chose to make a category out of a set of reactions was classified as perceptual or relational and gave insights into how students process and store information about reactions at an early level of expertise. Our results support the notion that students are prone to the surface level of representations and make sense of reactions depicted in a very minimalistic fashion. Implications for approaching this phenomenon in teaching are discussed.

Improving Precision Vertical Flight Operations through a Direct-Perception-Action Display

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Cummings ◽  
Cristin A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Direct Perception ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Perception Action

Inferring the meaning of direct perception

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey E. Hinton
Keyword(s):  
Direct Perception

scholarly journals Advanced Contemplation of the Impure: Reflections on a Capstone Event in the Meditation Sutra

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Michel Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Text ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Pure Land ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
True Nature ◽  
The Core ◽  
Mental Construct ◽  
Initial Results

The present article explores the form of meditation called contemplation of the impure (Skt aśubha-bhāvanā; Ch. bújìng guān 不淨觀) and its meticulous description in a Chinese text produced in the early fifth century CE. It illustrates the problematic nature of the pure-impure polarity and suggests that, ultimately, “purity” refers to two different things. As a generic category, it can be understood as a mental construct resulting from the mind’s discursive functioning, which tends to be further complicated by cultural factors. The other avenue for interpreting “purity” is provided in this meditation manual, which describes how meditation on impurity leads to the direct perception of purity, and to the vision of a “pure land.” This stage is identified as a “sign” marking the completion of this contemplative practice. Examining the specific nature of this capstone event and some of its implications lies at the core of the research whose initial results are presented here. Although this particular Buddhist contemplation of the impure begins with mental images of decaying corpses, it culminates with the manifestation of a vision filling the practitioner with a sense of light and purity. This high point indicates when the practice has been successful, an event that coincides for practitioners with a time when they catch a glimpse of their true nature. The last section of this article further discusses the extent to which positing an intrinsically pure nature—one of the major innovations introduced by Buddhism in fifth-century China—could inform ethical views.

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