scholarly journals The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) on Antioxidants and the Liver of Rabbits on High Cholesterol Diet

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
O. Abdulmalik ◽  
O. O. Oladapo
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: To determine the effect of V. amygdalina on the levels of antioxidants and the liver of rabbits fed on a atherogenic diet. Study Design: Prospective experimental study. Place and Duration of study: Study lasted 14 weeks at Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: Eighteen male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups comprising control, high cholesterol diet and high cholesterol diet plus 200mg/kg of aqueous extract of V. amygdalina. The animals were fed a normal animal chow, or a diet supplemented by 0.5% cholesterol and 1% methionine for twelve weeks. Subsequently, serum was obtained for liver function tests. Samples of the liver of the animals were obtained for antioxidant tests and histology. Results: Aspartate transaminase was significantly elevated in atherogenic diet only group compared to animals on normal diet. There was also no statistically significant difference across the three groups in the alanine transaminase values. Superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced in animals that were administered extract. Malondialdehyde was not statistically different across the three groups. The histology of the liver of the animals on high cholesterol diet (with and without extract administration) revealed similar microscopic presence of fatty infiltration of the liver. Conclusion: The use of high cholesterol diet for a duration of twelve weeks in rabbits resulted in significant increased relative liver weight, aspartate transaminase, superoxide dismutase and hepatic microvesicular steatosis. Furthermore, the use of 200mg/kg of aqueous extract of V. amygdalina had ameliorative effect on the level of superoxide dismutase. It did not have a measurable effect on the malondialdehyde, liver enzymes and liver histology.

scholarly journals Lipid lowering and anti-atherosclerotic properties of Tinospora crispa aqueous extract on high-cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemic rabbits

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (34) ◽  
pp. 2604-2610
Author(s):  
M S Zamree ◽  
Safwan K Ihsan ◽  
Kamilah A K Khairul ◽  
Kamal N H Mohd ◽  
M A Rasadah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol

Simvastatin Reduces Expression and Activity of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in the Aorta of Hypercholesterolaemic Atherosclerotic Rabbits

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Qiao ◽  
J Ren ◽  
H Chen
Keyword(s):  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Significant Difference

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) contributes to atherosclerotic plaque instability and subsequent sudden coronary death. Statins are associated with decreased stroke risk and may improve stability of atherosclerotic plaques. The present study investigated the effect of simvastatin on expression of Lp-PLA2 levels in atherosclerotic plaques and on Lp-PLA2 activity in atherosclerotic aortas. Rabbits were a fed chow (control group) or a high-cholesterol diet (atherosclerosis group) for 12 weeks. An additional group on the high-cholesterol diet received simvastatin (5 mg/kg per day) for the last 4 weeks (simvastatin group). Lp-PLA2 activity in plasma and atherosclerotic aortas was significantly higher in the atherosclerosis group than in the control group and, consistent with this, abundant Lp-PLA2 protein was detected in plaques in the atherosclerosis group. Simvastatin significantly reduced Lp-PLA2 activity in plasma and aorta tissue, and reduced Lp-PLA2 protein level in atherosclerotic plaques. Whereas there was no significant difference in total atherosclerotic lesion area between simvastatin and atherosclerosis groups, simvastatin significantly reduced macrophage content, lipid retention and the intima/media ratio but increased the content of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, statin treatment markedly reduced Lp-PLA2 in both plasma and atherosclerotic plaques. This was associated with attenuation of the local inflammatory response and improved plaque stability.

scholarly journals Effect of lutein on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Uma Narayanamurthy ◽  
Anandhi M. ◽  
Manimekalai K.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Group I

Background: Hyperlipidemia or Dyslipidemia is the major cause of atherosclerosis1 and associated conditions. Low levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are the major causes of increased atherogenic risk 1. Aggressive cholesterol reduction in patients with atherosclerotic disease is now the standard of care2. In addition to life style modification, patients with risk factors need lipid lowering drug therapy. The drugs available now do not reduce LDL oxidation, and oxidative stress associated with hyperlipidemia. In recent years, antioxidants have been subjected to epidemiological studies4 that have related their consumption to a reduction in the incidence of oxidative damage related diseases.Methods: Hypercholesterolemia was induced in rats by administration of high cholesterol diet for 30 days in standard rat chow diet. Rats were divided into four groups of six each. Group-I and II with intake of normal diet and High cholesterol diet respectively. Group III and IV are given high cholesterol diet along with Lutein 50mg/kg and Atorvastatin 5mg/kg orally once daily respectively. At the end of 30 days animals were subjected to overnight fasting. Blood samples were drawn by retro-orbital puncture for biochemical analysis. The animals were sacrificed after thiopentone injection and liver and aorta were dissected out and processed for histopathological study and biochemical analysis.Results: Lutein treated group showed even more significant reduction in TBARS levels than the normal control group and Atorvastatin treated group. The efficacy of Lutein in slowing down the atherosclerosis and fatty infiltration of liver is proved in this study.Conclusions: Hence the present study had shown significant hypolipidemic, antiatherogenic and antioxidant effect of Luetin in Hyperlipidemic rats. 

P-selectin-mediated adhesion impairs endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilation in hypercholesterolemic mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. H632-H638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-ho Kim ◽  
Patsy R. Carter ◽  
Norman R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Heat And Mass Transport ◽  
Vasoactive Mediators ◽  
Intestinal Submucosa ◽  
Deficient Mice

Hypercholesterolemia is associated with an attenuation of endothelium-dependent dilation in arterioles and an increase in leukocyte and platelet adhesion in venules. The proximity of closely paired arterioles and venules is thought to facilitate heat and mass transport between the two and could be involved in transport of inflammatory and/or vasoactive mediators from venule to arteriole. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the impaired arteriolar dilation associated with hypercholesterolemia might be dependent on P-selectin-dependent blood cell adhesion in the closely paired venules. Leukocyte and platelet recruitment in venules and the endothelium-dependent response to bradykinin in second-order arterioles were observed in the mouse intestinal submucosa using intravital microscopy. Four weeks of a high-cholesterol diet decreased bradykinin-induced arteriolar dilation more dramatically in closely paired arterioles than in distantly paired arterioles. The dysfunctional arteriolar dilation of closely paired arterioles in hypercholesterolemic mice was significantly improved when the experiments were repeated in P-selectin-deficient mice (given the high-cholesterol diet) or in hypercholesterolemic mice injected with a P-selectin monoclonal antibody. A similar improvement in dilation of closely paired arterioles was attained in hypercholesterolemic mice given the superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol. These findings indicate that hypercholesterolemia-induced increases in venular leukocyte and platelet adhesion might contribute to the impaired endothelium-dependent dilation of closely paired arterioles via a mechanism that is distance limited and dependent on P-selectin and superoxide.

Effects of citrus latifolia extract on dyslipidemia and tissues redox status in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakima Mir ◽  
Djamil Krouf ◽  
Nawal Taleb-Dida ◽  
Sadia Berzou ◽  
Akila Guenzet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Citrus Latifolia

Purpose This study aims to investigate the possible effect of Citrus latifolia (CL) extract on biomarkers of oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation products in rats fed a high cholesterol diet Design/methodology/approach Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding normocholesterolemic rats 1 per cent cholesterol-enriched diet for 15 days. An experimental group (n = 20) was divided into two groups (n = 10) and fed the same diet with or without CL lyophilized aqueous extract (1 per cent) for four weeks. At day 28, ten rats from each group were killed. Findings Treatment with CL lyophilized aqueous extract compared with the untreated group had decreased plasma total cholesterol (TC) (−36 per cent), triacylglycerols (−48 per cent), isoprostanes values (−74 per cent) and reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in erythrocytes (−21 per cent). However, the supplementation of CL peels in the hypercholesterolemic diet enhanced superoxide dismutase (+69 per cent), glutathione reductase (+30 per cent) and catalase activities (+34 per cent). Originality/value In hypercholesterolemic rats, administering CL extract ameliorates dyslipidemia and attenuates lipid peroxidation in tissues. These results suggest that CL could be beneficial in the primary treatment of hypercholesterolemia and oxidative damage caused by a high-cholesterol diet.

SHORT TERM HIGH CHOLESTEROL DIET CAUSES CHANGES IN MEGAKARYOCYTE SIZE AND IN VASCULAR ULTRASTRUCTURE

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Dalby Kristensen ◽  
K M Roberts ◽  
J Lawry ◽  
J F Martin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Perfusion Fixation ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Platelets produced by megakaryocytes (MK) have a role in atherogenesis. Six pairs of male litter mate rabbits were randomised to feeding with either 2g of cholesterol daily in addition to their normal diet or normal diet alone. After seven days the animals were killed and serum cholesterol, platelet count, MK total, cytoplasmic and nuclear area (microscopic planimetry) and MK DNA content cell distribution (fluorescent activated cell sorting) were measured and compared between the two groups. The results are given in the table as medians with range values in brackets.After perfusion-fixation the aortas were examined by transmission electron microscopy. In the aortas from the animals on high cholesterol diet cells with ultrastructural features resembling smooth muscle cells were found in the intima. Changes in megakaryocyte size are associated with the occurrence of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. The platelet-megakaryocyte axis may be activated in early atherogenesis.

Dietary nitrite prevents hypercholesterolemic microvascular inflammation and reverses endothelial dysfunction

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (5) ◽  
pp. H1281-H1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Y. Stokes ◽  
Tammy R. Dugas ◽  
Yaoping Tang ◽  
Harsha Garg ◽  
Eric Guidry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cytoprotective Activity ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Microvascular Inflammation

The nitrite anion is an endogenous product of mammalian nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, a key intermediate in the nitrogen cycle in plants, and a constituent of many foods. Research over the past 6 years has revealed surprising biological and cytoprotective activity of this anion. Hypercholesterolemia causes a proinflammatory phenotype in the microcirculation. This phenotype appears to result from a decline in NO bioavailability that results from a reduction in NO biosynthesis, inactivation of NO by superoxide, or both. Since nitrite has been shown to be potently cytoprotective and restore NO biochemical homeostasis, we investigated if supplemental nitrite could attenuate microvascular inflammation caused by a high cholesterol diet. C57Bl/6J mice were fed either a normal diet or a high cholesterol diet for 3 wk to induce microvascular inflammation. Mice on the high cholesterol diet received either nitrite-free drinking water or supplemental nitrite at 33 or 99 mg/l ad libitum in their drinking water. The results from this investigation reveal that mice fed a cholesterol-enriched diet exhibited significantly elevated leukocyte adhesion to and emigration through the venular endothelium as well as impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in arterioles. Administration of nitrite in the drinking water inhibited the leukocyte adhesion and emigration and prevented the arteriolar dysfunction. This was associated with sparing of reduced tetrahydrobiopterin and decreased levels of C-reactive protein. These data reveal novel anti-inflammatory properties of nitrite and implicate the use of nitrite as a new natural therapy for microvascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolemia.

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