scholarly journals Effects of Host Blood on Fecundity and Longevity of Female Anopheles Mosquitoes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J. I. Chikwendu ◽  
A. Onekutu ◽  
I. O. Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Blood Meal Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Cattle Blood ◽  
Host Blood

Aim: The effect of Host blood on the fecundity of female Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes was studied under normal conditions of 64±2% Relative Humidity and 27±2ºC Temperature. Methods: Three-five day old (F1) female Anopheles mosquitoes were transferred into wooden cages (40x40x40 cm) and fed blood from the following sources: man, cattle, chicken, goat, pig and sheep through an artificial feeding membrane. Engorged females were observed and fecundity recorded. The entire experiment was replicated five (5) times. Results: From the 1st to 4th gonotropic cycle, mosquitoes fed human blood produced significantly greater (p<0.05) number of eggs (Mean=121.90±1.18, 101.36±1.56, 64.12±1.54 and 29.66±1.69 respectively) than mosquitoes fed other blood meal sources. Across the six (6) blood meal trials (excluding that of sheep), there was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in fecundity from the 1st to 4th gonotropic cycles (1st>2nd>3rd>4th). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in fecundity between pigs, chicken and sheep. Total mean longevity and total mean fecundity was significantly greater (p<0.05) in mosquitoes fed human and cattle blood than in mosquitoes fed the other blood sources. Conclusion: The results showed that blood meal source affects fecundity and longevity of female Anopheles gambiae s. l mosquitoes reared under laboratory conditions and that blood from humans as well as from other domestic animals is suitable for sustaining vectorial capacity in Anopheles gambiae s. l mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Probe-based multiplex qPCR identifies blood-meal hosts in Anopheles mosquitoes from Papua New Guinea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B Keven ◽  
Georgia Artzberger ◽  
Mary L. Gillies ◽  
Rex B. Mbewe ◽  
Edward D. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Mixed Blood ◽  
Host Blood ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract Background: Determination of blood-meal hosts in blood-fed female Anopheles mosquitoes is important for evaluating vectorial capacity of vector populations and assessing effectiveness of vector control measures. Sensitive molecular methods are needed to detect traces of host blood in mosquito samples, to differentiate hosts, and to detect mixed host blood meals. This paper describes a molecular probe-based quantitative PCR for identifying blood-meal hosts in Anopheles malaria vectors from Papua New Guinea. Methods: TaqMan oligonucleotide probes targeting specific regions of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA of the three primary Anopheles blood-meal hosts, humans, pigs and dogs, were incorporated into a multiplex, quantitative PCR which was optimized for sensitivity and specificity. Results: Amplification of serially diluted DNA showed that the quantitative PCR detected as low as 10-5 ng/ml of host DNA. Application to field-collected, blood-fed Anopheles showed that the quantitative PCR identified the vertebrate hosts for 89% (335/375) of mosquitoes whereas only 55% (104/188) of blood-meal samples tested in a conventional PCR were identified. Of the 104 blood-fed Anopheles that were positive in both PCR methods, 16 (15.4%) were identified as mixed blood meals by the quantitative PCR whereas only 3 (2.9%) were mixed blood meals by the conventional PCR. Conclusions: The multiplex quantitative PCR described here is sensitive at detecting low DNA concentration and mixed host DNA in samples and useful for blood-meal analysis of field mosquitoes, in particular mixed-host blood meals.

Morphological and molecular characterization of endophilic Anopheles gambiae complex, in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
B.E. Bassey ◽  
K.N. Opara ◽  
L.P. Usip
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Gambiae Complex ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Significant Difference

Malaria is still regarded as a major public health problem in sub-Saharan African countries. Anopheles mosquitoes have been implicated as the major malaria vectors. However, species abundance, composition and distribution vary between different ecological zones. This study investigated the composition and distribution of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in Itu Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Adult Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled bi-weekly from 15 randomly selected houses each from three communities in the study area by pyrethroid spray capture (PSC) method. Adult Anopheles species were identified morphologically and sibling species were further subjected to species- specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing. A total of 269 female Anopheles species were caught between July and December, 2015. The study indicated significant (p<0.05) abundance of Anopheles gambiae siblings, with An. gambiae s.s recording 219(81.41%) followed by An. arabiensis 32(11.90%). A proportion of the samples were unidentified 18(6.69%). There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the distribution of A. gambiae complex over the period of the study with a peak in September 89(33.01%). Anopheles mosquitoes were more abundant in Itu Oma 120(44.66%) than West Itam 98(36.43%) and East Itam 51(18.96%). The study also recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher rate of blood engorged female Anopheles (54.05%). This finding showed that An. gambiae s.s was the predominant malaria vector in the area and also, the incidence of malaria been likely to increase during the wet season. Therefore, vector control must be carried out in these communities to reduce the number of these indoor biting mosquitoes. This study therefore, will be useful as baseline data to help design strategies for malaria control in Itu Local Government Area and also facilitate the success of the ongoing effort on the malaria control programme in the State. Keywords: Malaria; Anopheles, morphological; molecular; characterization; Akwa Ibom; Nigeria.

Extent of digestion affects the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Mukabana ◽  
W. Takken ◽  
P. Seda ◽  
G.F. Killeen ◽  
W.A. Hawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tc 11 ◽  
Blood Meals

AbstractThe success of distinguishing blood meal sources of Anopheles gambiae Giles through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification at the TC-11 and VWA human short tandem repeats (STR) loci. Blood meal size and locus had no significant effect on the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals digested for 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 h (P = 0.85 and 0.26 respectively). However, logistic regression found a significant negative relationship between time since ingestion and the success probability of obtaining positive PCR products among meals digested for between 8 and 32 h (P = 0.001). Approximately 80% of fresh blood meals were successfully profiled. After 8 h, the proportion of blood meals that could be successfully profiled decreased slowly with time after ingestion, dropping to below 50% after approximately 15 h. There was no significant difference in the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals of mosquitoes killed at time 0 and 8 h after ingestion (P = 0.272).

scholarly journals Host blood meal source has a strong impact on gut microbiota of Aedes aegypti

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ephantus J Muturi ◽  
Christopher Dunlap ◽  
Jose L Ramirez ◽  
Alejandro P Rooney ◽  
Chang-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Blood Meal Source ◽  
Host Blood

Insect vectors’ saliva and gut microbiota as a blessing in disguise: probability versus possibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Karmakar ◽  
Supriya Nath ◽  
Biswajyoti Sarkar ◽  
Sondipon Chakraborty ◽  
Sharmistha Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Host Blood

Drawing of host blood is a natural phenomenon during the bite of blood-probing insect vectors. Along with the blood meal, the vectors introduce salivary components and a trail of microbiota. In the case of infected vectors, the related pathogen accompanies the aforementioned biological components. In addition to Anopheles gambiae or Anopheles stephensi, the bites of other nonmalarial vectors cannot be ignored in malaria-endemic regions. Similarly, the bite incidence of Phlebotomus papatasi cannot be ignored in visceral leishmaniasis-endemic regions. Even the chances of getting bitten by uninfected vectors are higher than the infected vectors. We have discussed the probability or possibility of uninfected, infected, and/or nonvector’s saliva and gut microbiota as a therapeutic option leading to the initial deterrent to pathogen establishment.

scholarly journals Blood meal identification in the cryptic species Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii using MALDI-TOF MS

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatalmoudou Tandina ◽  
Maureen Laroche ◽  
Bernard Davoust ◽  
Ogobara K Doumbo ◽  
Philippe Parola
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Blood Meal Source ◽  
Blood Meal Identification ◽  
Tof Ms

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has recently emerged in entomology as a technique to identify arthropods and their blood meal source. In this study, female Anopheles gambiae were fed on five host blood sources: ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), binturong (Arctictis binturong), springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), jaguar (Panthera onca) and Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas), while Anopheles coluzzii were fed on three hosts: dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) and pig (Sus scrofa). We obtained the MS spectra from 240 engorged mosquito abdomens and selected high quality ones from 72 mosquito abdomens to upgrade our home-made database. We excluded from the analysis any spectra of low quality (n = 80), and the remaining 88 specimens were subjected to a blind test analysis against the home-made database. We obtained 100% correct identification of the blood meal source for the specimens collected, 1, 12 and 24 h post-feeding, whereas for the specimens collected 36 h post-feeding, the correct identification rate decreased dramatically. We confirm here that MALDI-TOF MS can be used to identify the blood meal origin of freshly engorged mosquitoes, which opens new perspectives for further studies, including the impact of the mosquito species on blood meal identification.

scholarly journals Influence of the blood meal source on the biology of Meccus picturatus Usinger 1939 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) under laboratory conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra ◽  
Mónica Novelo López ◽  
María del Rosario Hernández Robles ◽  
Yunuen Grant Guillén
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Blood Meal Source

scholarly journals Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis associated with domestic animals in Venezuela and Brazil

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz Manuel Aguilar ◽  
Elizabeth F. Rangel ◽  
Leonardo Garcia ◽  
Elio Fernandez ◽  
Hooman Momen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Enzootic Cycle

After outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Solano State, Venezuela, 5% of the population had parasitized ulcers while after similar outbreaks in Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 9% had the disease. In these foci children, including some under six years of age, wre affected. There was no significant difference in the occurence of the disease according to sex or type of employment. In Solano, 3% of dogs and 28% of donkeys had parasitized lesions, while in Mesquita these indices were 19.8% and 30.8% respectively. The parasite from man, dogs and equines was identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, by zymodeme and serodeme characterization. In these foci there is evidence suggesting that leishmaniasis is a zoonosis, possibly with equine and dogs as reservoirs, although both a wild enzootic cycle and the role of man as a source of infection can not be ruled out. Transmission is assumed to occur peridomestically by sandfly vectors such as Lutzomyia panamensis in Venezuela and Lutzomyia intermedia in Brazil. Information about the origin of these foci suggests that infected equines may be an important factor in the dissemination of the parasite in a peridomestic situation where these sandflies are abundant.

Observations on Mosquito Behaviour in Native Huts

1950 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hadaway
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Mosquito Behaviour ◽  
Thatch Roof

Mosquitos continue to enter occupied, untreated native huts throughout the night, with peak periods of entry at dusk and dawn. Early morning mosquito catches do not give a true picture of the numbers entering and leaving huts during the night.In a series of catches 63 per cent. of 5,576 mosquitos and 79 per cent. of 506 Anopheles gambiae were caught resting on the underside of the thatch roof.By using five traps inserted in apertures one foot below the top of the wall, the numbers of mosquitos attempting to leave a hut were determined. Of 1,014 mosquitos entering huts before 10 p.m., 63 per cent. remained inside until 6.30 a.m., that is for 8½ hours. Catches to estimate numbers entering and leaving at different times during the night were also made.Treatment of huts with DDT wettable powder and DDT-kerosene solution did not interfere with the normal behaviour of mosquitos as far as entry was concerned. Biting occurred in the treated huts.The DDT wettable powder appeared to be more effective than the DDT-kerosene solution.Some mosquitos entered the treated huts, fed and then left before acquiring a lethal dose. After making contact with treated surfaces mosquitos became restless but, under the conditions existing in the huts during the experiments, activation did not result in more leaving the treated huts than the untreated one. Unfortunately there were few A. gambiae and the predominant species entering the huts was Taeniorhynchus fuscopennatus.Some of the female A. gambiae released into unoccupied DDT-treated huts escaped into the traps before acquiring a lethal dose. Although there was a tendency for more to enter the traps of a DDT-treated hut than those of an untreated hut, the data are insufficient to show a significant difference.The majority of mosquitos entering the traps did so within one hour of their release.No mosquitos were still alive 12 hours after their release in huts treated 17 weeks previously with DDT wettable powder or DDT-kerosene solution, or in the hut treated 12 weeks previously with "“Gammexane” wettable powder.

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