scholarly journals Proximate Composition and Parasitic Contamination of Hibiscus sabdariffa Seed Cake (Roselle Seed Cake): A Soup Condiment Produced by North-Western Community, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
D. D. Attah ◽  
Y. M. Sanyinna ◽  
N. T. Isyaku ◽  
M. K. Kele ◽  
N. A. Ridwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
North Western

Background: Soup condiments are edible food items which are added to dishes, used as thickeners for soup and also as food supplements such as sauce that is added to food to impact specific flavours. They are abundantly produced in Nigeria especially in North-Western part of the country. Aims: The aim of this research was to determine the proximate composition and parasitic contamination of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed cake (Roselle seed cake): a soup condiment produced by North-Western Community, Nigeria. Study Design:  Samples were purchased and collected at random from the markets of different places in the study areas, aseptically placed into polythene bags and labelled correctly. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Zuru and Sakaba Local Government Areas of Kebbi State, North-Western Nigeria. Methodology: The proximate analysis carried out include: moisture determination, ash determination, determination of crude protein, lipid determination, fibre determination and carbohydrate estimation by difference. The protozoa present in the samples were identified by direct microscopy. Results: The proximate composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed cake in the study areas had a very high level of carbohydrate content (52.44±1.03%), followed by the moisture content (15.43±0.10%), lipid content (12.00±0.50%), fibre content (11.16±0.58%), ash content (7.80±0.05%) and crude protein content (1.16±0.13%) which was the lowest. The highest prevalence rate of the identified protozoa was recorded in Entamoeba histolytica 2(50.0%) followed by Giardia lamblia 1(25.0%) in Zuru Local Government Area. No protozoa was seen in Zuru sample 0(0.0%). In Dabai sample, Giardia lamblia was seen 1(25.0%). While in Bedi sample, Entamoeba histolytica 2(50.0%) was seen which was the most prevalent. However, in Sakaba Local Government Area, a total of nine protozoa was seen and all were Entamoeba histolytica. Dirin-Daji sample showed 1(11.1%), Doka 2(22.2%), Dankolo 2(22.2%), Janbirni 1(11.1%), Laraba 1(11.1%) and Makuku 2(22.2%) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the available carbohydrate and moisture contents were higher than other parameters and the local soup condiments were heavily contaminated with protozoa and Entamoeba histolytica had the highest prevalence which can cause serious food-borne diseases in humans in the study areas. Finally, the need to apply good manufacturing practices in processing the condiments in the study areas and North-Western Nigerian Community as a whole is highly recommended.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF Entamoeba histolytica INFECTION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN FIVE SELECTED COMMUNITIES OF WUSHISHI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-667
Author(s):  
Adamu Mohammed Saba ◽  
A. Muhammad ◽  
J. Baba ◽  
A. Mustapha ◽  
H. B. Hussaini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
School Children ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Histolytica Infection

Ameobiasis is an infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica, which is a serious problem especially in developing countries and ranks third among the parasitic infections that lead to death mostly in primary age children.The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of E. histolytical in young children.Three hundred (300) children aged 0-14 years were sampled for E. histolytica infection in five rural communities in Wushishi Local Government Area, Niger State, North Central Nigeria.   The stool samples were examined for cysts of E. histolytica using saline and iodine preparations. The prevalence rate of 17 % was recorded. The prevalence by sex had a higher infection rate in males (19.3 %) than females (14.6%) which was not significantly (P>0.05). The prevalence of the infection in relation to age was highest (23%) in 7 to 10 year age group, while the least infection of 12 (12%) was recorded in 11 to 14 year age group A significant association was found between the sources of drinking water and prevalence of E. histolytica (P<0.05).  The highest was recorded in those using stream/pond (89.2%) and least recorded from Borehole/Tap (40.3%). Therefore, it become necessary need for improved sanitation, personal hygiene, health education  policy and a proper deworming scheme amongst school children in the study areas in order to decrease infections rate.

scholarly journals Where have all the parasites gone? Unusual Plasmodium falciparum monoparasitaemia in a cross-sectional malariometric survey in northern Nigeria

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Usman Nasir Nakakana ◽  
Ben O. Onankpa ◽  
Ismaila Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Ridwan M. Jega ◽  
Nma Muhammad Jiya
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
North Western

Background: Malaria is caused by one of five currently known Plasmodium parasite species causing disease in humans. While modelling has provided information of the vector, the same is not entirely the case for the parasite. The World Malaria reports of 2014 to 2016 reported 100% of confirmed cases from Nigeria being due to Plasmodium falciparum. Generally, about 98% of cases of uncomplicated malaria in most regions surveyed in Nigeria recently is due to P. falciparum, with the remainder being due to P. malariae. This study aimed to determine the proportions of Plasmodium parasites causing uncomplicated malaria in Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto State, north-western Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted during the rainy season and dry season in north-western Nigeria. The area has a ‘local steppe’ climate and Sudanian Savannah vegetation. Sampling was via multistage cluster sampling. Selected participants were examined for pallor, palpable splenomegaly and signs of complicated malaria. Blood samples were also taken for rapid diagnosis of malaria and thick and thin films to identify parasitaemia and the parasite species. Participants found to have malaria were treated with Artemether/Lumefantrine and those with complicated malaria were referred to the nearest hospital.  Results: We found a parasite prevalence of 34.8% overall, which was higher in the rainy season (49.3%) than in the dry season (20.2%). There was monoparasitaemia of Plasmodium falciparum throughout the study area, irrespective of the clinical status of the participant. Mapping of the parasite was extended throughout the Local Government Area and the State. Conclusions: Despite the intermediate endemicity in the area. P. falciparum monoparasitaemia affirms theories of disappearance of other parasite species, either due to faltering control of P. falciparum or more efficient control of other species.

scholarly journals The Proximate Composition of Fresh and Fermented Milk in Parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Y. Aliyu ◽  
I. O. Abdullahi ◽  
C. M. Z. Whong ◽  
C. E. `Anumiri ◽  
J. D. Bwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
The Mean

This study assessed the proximate composition of fresh and fermented milk in parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 180 samples comprising of fresh milk, bulk milk, nono, and kindirmo were collected over a period of six (6) months (May to October, 2017) from six (6) Local Government Areas (two Local Government Areas from the three Senatorial Zones in the State). Proximate parameters – dry matter (total solids), crude protein, crude fibre, oil, ash and nitrogen-free extract (soluble carbohydrates), were determined using the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The results of the proximate analysis showed that bulk milk samples generally had the most nutritional content than the other sample types in most of the sampled areas. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the mean values of dry matter (total solids), oil, and ash contents of bulk milk samples and nono in the sampled areas. The mean dry matter content of bulk milk samples collected from Nasarawa Local Government Area was 9.04±0.01, while that of nono samples collected from this area was 7.28±0.72. Fresh and bulk milk samples collected from Nasarawa, Keffi, Wamba, and Lafia Local Government Areas were found to contain more minerals (ash) compared to kindirmo samples collected and this may be attributed to the loss of some of the minerals during the processing of fresh milk to make kindirmo. The mean value of ash content of fresh milk and kindirmo samples from Nasarawa Local Government Area was 0.72±0.04 and 0.64±0.01, respectively, while the mean value of ash content of fresh milk of fresh milk and kindirmo samples from Keffi Local Government Area was 0.78±0.01 and 0.71±0.02 respectively. The samples were found to contain little or no fibre and this is not surprisingly as milk is not known to be a major source of fibre. Variations in the proximate composition of some fresh milk samples collected from the sampled areas may be attributed to genetic differences within a breed as all the cows from which the samples were collected, were of the same breed (White Fulani). All the samples analysed met the specifications for proximate composition stipulated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Proximate, and Selected Mineral Status of Egyptian Citrus paradisi Fruit obtained from Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto State, North-western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
BandiIkilima Ibrahim ◽  
Ogbiko Cyril
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Mineral Status ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
North Western

The search for new antioxidant compounds and minerals to combat the nutritional needs of the populace of Nigeria is on the increase. This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, proximate, and mineral status of Egyptian Citrus paradise: A popular citrus fruit consumed in Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto State using standard procedures. The result revealed that the presence of important phytoconstituents, namely, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, and reducing sugars with alkaloid was reported to be absent. The juice concentrates exhibit an appreciable but significantly lower (P < 0.05) 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylradical free screening activity compared to the reference antioxidant. The result of the vitamin, proximate, and mineral analysis confirms the concentrate to be a rich source of Vitamin C, minerals such as sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, as well as a moderately to poor source of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, fiber, and potassium. These findings will greatly help nutritionist in properly making nutrition recommendations to meet the nutritional priorities of the populace.

scholarly journals Where have all the parasites gone? Unusual Plasmodium falciparum monoparasitaemia in a cross-sectional malariometric survey in northern Nigeria

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Usman Nasir Nakakana ◽  
Ben O. Onankpa ◽  
Ismaila Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Ridwan M. Jega ◽  
Nma Muhammad Jiya
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complicated Malaria ◽  
North Western

Background: Malaria is caused by one of five currently known Plasmodium parasite species causing disease in humans. While modelling has provided information of the vector, the same is not entirely the case for the parasite. The World Malaria reports of 2014 to 2016 reported 100% of confirmed cases from Nigeria being due to Plasmodium falciparum. Generally, about 98% of cases of uncomplicated malaria in most regions surveyed in Nigeria recently is due to P. falciparum, with the remainder being due to P. malariae. This study aimed to determine the proportions of Plasmodium parasites causing uncomplicated malaria in Wamakko Local Government Area of Sokoto State, north-western Nigeria. Methods: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted during the rainy season and dry season in north-western Nigeria. The area has a ‘local steppe’ climate and Sudanian Savannah vegetation. Sampling was via multistage cluster sampling. Selected participants were examined for pallor, palpable splenomegaly and signs of complicated malaria. Blood samples were also taken for rapid diagnosis of malaria and thick and thin films to identify parasitaemia and the parasite species. Participants found to have malaria were treated with Artemether/Lumefantrine and those with complicated malaria were referred to the nearest hospital.  Results: We found a parasite prevalence of 34.8% overall, which was higher in the rainy season (49.3%) than in the dry season (20.2%). There was monoparasitaemia of Plasmodium falciparum throughout the study area, irrespective of the clinical status of the participant. Mapping of the parasite was extended throughout the Local Government Area and the State. Conclusions: Despite the intermediate endemicity in the area. P. falciparum monoparasitaemia affirms theories of disappearance of other parasite species, either due to faltering control of P. falciparum or more efficient control of other species.

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