scholarly journals Adoption of Intercropping Practices by the Cotton Farmers in Mancherial District of Telangana State

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Shivakrishna Kota ◽  
M. Rajeshwar Naik ◽  
R. Uma Reddy ◽  
I. Thirupathi
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
New Generation

World food production shortages and estimates in the supplies of the future have promptly increased the interest in the adoption of improved crop production activities and increased the food production and helps to cope with the threats of climatic variations and food security. Intercropping is a method that efficiently uses the space and time of cultivation. In this concept of cotton-based intercropping with pulses, where cotton yields are more along with additional survivable returns to the farmers from other crops. Though the concept has beneficial effects, but the adoption of intercropping in cotton by the farmers is low due to lack of clarity about the concept of intercropping. The present study mainly focused on estimating and clarifying the decision of the farmers on the adoption and non-adoption of intercropping in cotton and the benefits of the intercropping practices by the cotton farmers in developing the conceptual framework. Logistic regression model was used to present an econometric analysis of the diffusion process. The results from the present study revealed that variables like farm size, education status and exposure to extension service and capital were statistically significant at 1% level and showing a positive influence on the adoption of intercropping in cotton. Whereas age, farming experience was statistically significant at 1% level and showing the negative influence on the adoption of intercropping in cotton and yield is the other variable showing the negative influence on the intercropping. Further, in the extension systems more stress is need upon the capacity building of the farmers for optimum harnessing of the benefits of new generation technologies in cotton cultivation.

scholarly journals Three Decades of Changes in Brazilian Municipalities and Their Food Production Systems

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva ◽  
Mateus Batistella ◽  
James D. A. Millington ◽  
Emilio Moran ◽  
Luiz A. Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Trade Offs

Agricultural systems are heterogeneous across temporal and spatial scales. Although much research has investigated farm size and economic output, the synergies and trade-offs across various agricultural and socioeconomic variables are unclear. This study applies a GIS-based approach to official Brazilian census data (Agricultural Censuses of 1995, 2006, and 2017) and surveys at the municipality level to (i) evaluate changes in the average soybean farm size across the country and (ii) compare agricultural and socioeconomic outcomes (i.e., soybean yield, agricultural production value, crop production diversity, and rural labor employment) relative to the average soybean farm size. Statistical tests (e.g., Kruskal–Wallis tests and Spearman’s correlation) were used to analyze variable outcomes in different classes of farm sizes and respective Agricultural Censuses. We found that agricultural and socioeconomic outcomes are spatially correlated with soybean farm size class. Therefore, based on the concepts of trade-offs and synergies, we show that municipalities with large soybean farm sizes had larger trade-offs (e.g., larger farm size was associated with lower crop diversity), while small and medium ones manifest greater synergies. These patterns are particularly strong for analysis using the Agricultural Census of 2017. Trade-off/synergy analysis across space and time is key for supporting long-term strategies aiming at alleviating unemployment and providing sustainable food production, essential to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Effect of Superior–Subordinate Intergenerational Conflict on Job Performance of New Generation Employees

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1499-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyue Zhu ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Guanglin Bai
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Intergenerational Conflict ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Relationship

We analyzed the influence of superior–subordinate intergenerational conflict on the job performance of 498 employees of Chinese enterprises born since 1980 (new generation employees). Results of a survey showed that the 3 dimensions of superior–subordinate intergenerational conflict, namely task conflict, relationship conflict, and procedural conflict, all had a significantly negative influence on the employees' work engagement and job performance; work engagement exerted a significantly positive influence on job performance; work engagement played a partial mediating role in the relationship between both relationship conflict and procedural conflict and job performance, and fully mediated the relationship between task conflict and job performance; tolerance and confrontation in conflict resolution had a significantly moderating effect on the relationships between all 3 dimensions of superior–subordinate intergenerational conflict and work engagement; and coordination played a significant moderating role on the relationship between both task and procedural conflict and work engagement, but the role of coordination as a moderator in the relationship between relationship conflict and work engagement was nonsignificant. Theoretical contributions are discussed and options for practical guidance offered.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Adoption and Area under Conservation Agriculture: A Mixed Methods Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Progress H. Nyanga
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Factors Influencing

<p>Adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) is quite low in most parts of Africa. However, Zambia has been quite successful in increasing adoption of CA among smallholder farmers. Few studies using both quantitative and qualitative approaches have been conducted in Zambia to determine factors influencing adoption of CA. This study uses mixed methods approach to document factors influencing adoption of CA among smallholder farmers under the Conservation Agriculture Project (CAP) in Zambia. From a random sample of 415 smallholder farmers, results showed that 71% had adopted CA. Quantitative analysis indicated that CA trainings, previous experience in minimum tillage, membership in farmer organisations, and ownership of CA tillage equipment significantly increased the likelihood of CA adoption. Number of CA trainings attended, farm size, number of rippers owned and use of herbicide had a significant positive influence on area under CA. Qualitative approaches showed that good rapport with farmers, trust, reciprocity and altruism, monitoring and evaluations, extension strategy, quality and extent of technical knowledge in CA within CFU, and artificial incentives positively influenced adoption of CA. Traditional leadership was reported to enhance adoption of CA in most cases. Prestige was reported to withhold some men from adopting CA basins. Women were very involved in CA basins while men were mostly involved in ADP ripping. Some worldviews of farmers had negative influence on adoption of CA. Donor support and collaboration with the Zambia National Farmers Union and private sector were other contextual factors for the high adoption of CA among sampled smallholder farmers. In the promotion of CA it is important to pay attention to both quantitative and qualitative factors influencing adoption. A mixed methods approach thus can lead to a better understanding of the adoption of CA than a single research strategy approach.</p>

scholarly journals Farmers income and savings pattern in Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Ngozi Ekunyi Odoh ◽  
Simon Uguru Nwibo ◽  
Anayochukwu Victor Eze ◽  
Esther Onyinyichi Igwe
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Sampling Procedures

The study analysed farmers’ income and savings pattern in Benue State. Both multi-stage random and purposive sampling procedures were employed to select 140 respondents for the study. The study employed primary data which were collected through the use of the structured questionnaire. The result showed that farm size, level of access to credit, diversification of income sources, types of investment and risks inherent in the business are the major determinants of the income level of the small scale farmers. The farmers engaged in the following farm activities, crop production, hunting, fishing, gathering of forest products, marketing of agricultural products and livestock production. Meanwhile, trading, teaching, and non-farm wage labour were the main non-farm activities they engaged in. The result equally showed that farmers adopted both formal and informal savings methods but have higher preference for the informal method as indicated by their preference for savings in rotational savings and credit Association (ESUSU) and daily contribution schemes. Educational attainment, annual income, farming experience, and farm size had positive influence on the farmers’ savings pattern. The test of the hypothesis indicated that the socio-economic characteristics of the small scale farmers have significant effects on the savings pattern adopted in the area. Consequently, the study recommended the establishment of banks in the rural area so as to increase farmers’ savings capacity in formal sector; establishment of enlightenment programme to create awareness among the rural farmers, and introduction of risk reduction policy to minimize risks associated with farming, thereby encouraging farmers to remain in farming business.Keywords: Farm activities, non-farm activities, farmers, formal and informal savings

scholarly journals Determinants of Saving and Investment Behaviour of Tea Plantation Workers: An Empirical Analysis of Four Tea Gardens of Udalguri District (Assam)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipali Bosumatari
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Status Occupation ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Investment Behaviour

The main objective of this paper is to examine the main determinants of saving and investment behaviour of tea plantation workers in Assam based on a microeconomic approach. Four tea gardens have been selected for the purpose of data collection. These gardens are Bhooteachang Tea Estate, Hattigor Tea Estate, Brotherhood Tea Growing firm and Jwnglari Tea Farm. Two separate multiple linear regression models were fitted for saving and investment. The paper found that there is propensity to save and invest among the tea planation workers in spite of low income. The workers in the sample save their income mainly in SBI, LIC, and other banks and invest in children’s education and other income generating activities like rearing livestock, buying cultivated land, etc. Further, it is found that income level, education status, occupation have positive influence on saving, while the number of dependents exerts a negative influence on saving. The factors that drive household investment are occupation, income and assets.

scholarly journals Factors influencing adoption of improved cultivars of macadamia (Macadamia spp.) among small-scale farmers in Embu County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Muchangi Njiru ◽  
Hezron Ruzungu Mogaka ◽  
Samuel Njiiri Ndirangu ◽  
Bernard Mukiri Gichimu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Market Distance

The study investigated the factors influencing adoption of improved cultivars of macadamia (Macadamia spp.) among small-scale farmers in Embu County, Kenya. Data was collected from a sample of 384 small-scale farmers obtained through multistage sampling procedure in ten sub-locations. Binary Logit model was used to determine the effect of selected institutional and socio-economic factors on adoption of improved cultivars of macadamia. The results revealed that education level (wald=26.160), access to extension services (wald=6.246) and farm size (wald=4.271) had significant positive influence on adoption of improved cultivars of macadamia while age of the farmer (wald=5.235) and market distance (wald=5.519) had a negative influence on the same. There is need to encourage the youth to embrace macadamia farming and to develop smart marketing strategies to promote adoption of improved cultivars.

Does Diversity in The Boardroom Add Value to a Firm?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Board Diversity

This study examines whether board diversity affects firm performance. We investigate this study using panel data of a sample of S&P 500 firms during a 12 year period. After controlling for industry, firm size, and other board composition variables, we find that all three board diversity variables of interest – gender, ethnicity, and age have a significant influence on firm performance. While ethnicity and age have a positive influence on firm performance, it was found that gender has a negative influence. Implications for future research are discussed.

A longitudinal multiethnic study of biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus: Launching the GLADEL 2.0 Study Group

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332098858
Author(s):  
José A Gómez-Puerta ◽  
Guillermo J Pons-Estel ◽  
Rosana Quintana ◽  
Romina Nieto ◽  
Rosa M Serrano Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Methodological Aspects

Introduction: After more than 20 years of sustained work, the Latin American Group for the Study of Lupus (GLADEL) has made a significant number of contributions to the field of lupus, not only in the differential role that race/ethnicity plays in its course and outcome but also in several other studies including the beneficial effects of using antimalarials in lupus patients and the development of consensus guidelines for the treatment of lupus in our region. Methods: A new generation of “Lupus Investigators” in more than 40 centers throughout Latin America has been constituted in order to continue the legacy of the investigators of the original cohort and to launch a novel study of serum and urinary biomarkers in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Results: So far, we have recruited 807 patients and 631 controls from 42 Latin-American centers including 339 patients with SLE without renal involvement, 202 patients with SLE with prevalent but inactive renal disease, 176 patients with prevalent and active renal disease and 90 patients with incident lupus nephritis. Conclusions: The different methodological aspects of the GLADEL 2.0 cohort are discussed in this manuscript, including the challenges and difficulties of conducting such an ambitious project.

scholarly journals On-farm trees are a safety net for the poorest households rather than a major contributor to food security in Rwanda

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ndoli ◽  
Athanase Mukuralinda ◽  
Antonius G. T. Schut ◽  
Miyuki Iiyama ◽  
Jean Damascene Ndayambaje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Agroforestry Practice ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

AbstractThe world is challenged to meet the food demand of a growing population, especially in developing countries. Given the ambitious plans to scale up agroforestry in Africa, an improved understanding of the effect of agroforestry practices on the already challenged food security of rural households is crucial. The present study was undertaken to assess how on-farm trees impacted food security in addition to other household income sources in Rwanda. In each of the six agroecologies of Rwanda, a stratified sampling procedure was used where two administrative cells (4th formal administrative level) were selected in which households were randomly selected for interviews. A survey including 399 farmers was conducted and farmers were grouped in three types of agroforestry practice (i) low practitioners (LAP) represented by the first tertile, (ii) medium practitioners (MAP) represented by the second tertile and (iii) high practitioners (HAP) represented by the third tertile of households in terms of tree number. Asset values, household income sources, crop production, farm size, crop yield, and food security (food energy needs) were quantified among the types of agroforestry practice. A larger proportion of HAP households had access to adequate quantity and diversity of food when compared with MAP and LAP households. Food security probability was higher for households with more resources, including land, trees and livestock, coinciding with an increased crop and livestock income. We found no difference in asset endowment among types of agroforestry practices, while farmers in agroecologies with smaller farms (0.42 ha to 0.66 ha) had more on-farm trees (212 to 358 trees per household) than farms in agroecologies with larger farms (0.96 ha to 1.23 ha) which had 49 to 129 trees per household, probably due to differences in biophysical conditions. A positive association between tree density and food security was found in two out of six agroecologies. The proportion of income that came from tree products was high (> 20%) for a small fraction of farmers (12%), with the more food insecure households relying more on income from tree products than households with better food security status. Thus, tree income can be percieved as a “safety net” for the poorest households.

scholarly journals Economics of autonomous equipment for arable farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lowenberg-DeBoer ◽  
Kit Franklin ◽  
Karl Behrendt ◽  
Richard Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Crop Agriculture

AbstractBy collecting more data at a higher resolution and by creating the capacity to implement detailed crop management, autonomous crop equipment has the potential to revolutionise precision agriculture (PA), but unless farmers find autonomous equipment profitable it is unlikely to be widely adopted. The objective of this study was to identify the potential economic implications of autonomous crop equipment for arable agriculture using a grain-oilseed farm in the United Kingdom as an example. The study is possible because the Hands Free Hectare (HFH) demonstration project at Harper Adams University has produced grain with autonomous equipment since 2017. That practical experience showed the technical feasibility of autonomous grain production and provides parameters for farm-level linear programming (LP) to estimate farm management opportunities when autonomous equipment is available. The study shows that arable crop production with autonomous equipment is technically and economically feasible, allowing medium size farms to approach minimum per unit production cost levels. The ability to achieve minimum production costs at relatively modest farm size means that the pressure to “get big or get out” will diminish. Costs of production that are internationally competitive will mean reduced need for government subsidies and greater independence for farmers. The ability of autonomous equipment to achieve minimum production costs even on small, irregularly shaped fields will improve environmental performance of crop agriculture by reducing pressure to remove hedges, fell infield trees and enlarge fields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document