Acute and Subacute Toxicological Assessment of the Leaf Aqueous Extract of Eremomastax speciosa (Acanthaceae) in Wistar Rats

Olea europaea var. sylvestris, also named oleaster, is widely used by traditional medicine practitioners in Algeria to treat high blood pressure and diabetes. However, the antidiarrhoeal activity of this plant has not been scientifically evaluated. The main aim of the study deals with an investigation of three topics: the phytochemical screening, the acute toxicity, and antidiarrhoeal activity of the oleaster leaf aqueous extract. Acute oral toxicity study was carried out based on Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 423 guideline. The extract was orally administered in wistar rats at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight and the animals were observed for mortality, behavioral changes and other abnormal signs. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents was carried out using standard methods developed by Harborne, Trease and Evans. Castor oil-induced diarrhoea tests and gastro intestinal motility assay were evaluated in rats to determine the antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract. In the acute toxicity study, the extract did not induce death or any sign of toxicity in treated rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The oleaster extract at oral doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight showed a significant (P<0.05) antidiarrhoeal activity compared to the control group treated with castor oil induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility assay, after charcoal meal administration. The oleaster leaf aqueous extract has shown a gradual response with increasing dose. The present study indicates that the oleaster leaf aqueous extract is safe with antidiarrhoeal property.

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STUDY ON FRESH LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF FLACOURTIA INDICA FOR HEPATOPROTECTIVE, ANTI-ANEMIC AND HYPOGLYCEMIC ABILITIES IN CCL4 INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22270/ujpr.v4i1.234 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Idoko A ◽

Ufedo-Enyo G. Emmanuel

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Liver Function ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Hepatic Injury ◽

Negative Control ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Fresh Leaf ◽

Group I ◽

Leaf Aqueous Extract

Hepatic injury and its associated conditions have been reportedly shown to be managed through herbal remedies. In this study, investigation of the fresh leaf aqueous extract of Flacourtia indica (of the family of Salicaceae) as hypoglycemic, anti-anemic and hepatoprotective agent in albino wistar rats induced CCl4 hepatotocxicity was done. Fifteen rats of either sex, weighing 175-295g, divided into five groups (I-V) of three rats each, were used. Group-I is negative control, II-positive control and III –V test groups. Groups II-V were induced 200mg/Kg/bodyweight CCl4, for 3-days, for hepatic injury and anemia. Groups III-V were respectively treated orally with 400, 600 and 800 mg/Kg/bodyweight of fresh leaf aqueous extracts (FLAE) of Flacourtia indica, for 7-days. Activities of Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, concentrations of Bilirubin, Albumin, Total protein, blood glucose and packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin were assayed. Results after induction showed significant (p˂0.05) decrease in heamoglobin and PCV, significant (p˂0.05) increase in the liver function enzymes and blood glucose compared with results of liver function enzyme and blood glucose having significant (p˂0.05) decrease, and significant (p˂0.05) increase of PCV and hemoglobin after treatment with FLAE of Flacourtia indica. Body weight of rats induced CCl4 was found to increase with FLAE of Flacourtia indica treatment. It may be concluded that the potentials exhibited by FLAE of Flacourtia indica to manage hyperglycaemia, hepatic injury and anemia induced by CCl4 are associated with its antioxidant activity and the presence of phytochemicals, minerals and nutrients value.

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Acute and subchronic toxicological assessment of Byrsocarpus coccineus Schum. and Thonn. (Connaraceae) leaf aqueous extract

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0028-1084024 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (09) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

OO Adeyemi ◽

AJ Akindele ◽

KI Nwumeh

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Leaf Aqueous Extract

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Biochemical and Haemopoietic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Gnetum Africanum (Ukazi) on Male and Female Albino Wistar Rats

Greener Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.15580/gjms.2018.4.080418111 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 061-065

Author(s):

F.N OGUWIKE ◽

◽

I.C IFEDI ◽

C.N DIM ◽

C.P IGWEDIBIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Male And Female

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Toxicological Assessment of Aqueous and Methanol Leaves Extracts of Scoparia dulcis Linn (Plantaginaceae) in Wistar Rats

10.26538/tjnpr/v3i3.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 64-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rashydah Ahmed ◽

◽

Hadiza Nuhu ◽

Hajara Ibrahim ◽

Aliyu Nuhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Scoparia Dulcis

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Antioxidant Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Hulls of Campsiandra laurifolia in Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid in Wistar Rats

Journal of Coloproctology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730258 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (02) ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

Lucas Petitemberte de Souza ◽

Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann ◽

Sandielly Rebeca Benitez da Fonseca ◽

Marilda da Silva Brasil ◽

Norma Anair Possa Marroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Experimental Colitis ◽

Anal Pressure ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Significance Level ◽

Sphincter Anal

AbstractDue to the ethnopharmacological use of Campsiandra laurifolia (Fabaceae), popularly known as Acapurana, to treat wounds and ulcers, associated with the lack of alternative treatments for intestinal inflammations such as ulcerative colitis (UC), the present work sought to characterize its phytochemical and antioxidant activities, and to evaluate remedial action in experimental colitis with acetic acid. Phytochemical analyzes were performed through qualitative and quantitative colorimetric tests of the main secondary metabolites. In the colitis model, 24 male Wistar rats aged ± 60 days old were used, divided into 4 groups: Control (CO) control + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CO + A50); Colitis (CL); and Colitis + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CL + A50). Measurement of sphincter anal pressure and histological tests of the large intestine, lipoperoxidation (LPO), enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of glutathione (GSH) were performed. For statistical analysis, the oxidative stress (OS) results were expressed as means ± standard error, adopting a significance level of p < 0.05. The screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the extract, with high levels of phenolic compounds and tannins, and was related to high antioxidant capacity. In the histological analysis, the CL group presented loss of the crypts, edema and inflammatory infiltrate. The use of C. laurifolia extract restructured the crypts, decreased edema and increased sphincter anal pressure, with a decrease in LPO, SOD, and an increase in GSH. It is suggested that the use of C. laurifolia extract reduces OS due to its antioxidant power conferred by the phenolic compounds present in the extract.

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