Species Composition and Status of Stored Sorghum Pests in Traditional Farmer’s Storages of Kena District of Koso Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Ararso Gognsha ◽  
Berhanu Hiruy
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Aim: To determine the species composition and status pests of stored sorghum under traditional storages of farmers in Kenna district of Konso Zone of Southern Ethiopia. Study Design: From peasant association, about three sub-localities were randomly selected and from each sub-locality, three villages were selected at random with using a nested design. Place and Duration of Study: Survey was conducted between 1, August to 27, December 2019 in four major sorghum growing peasant association of Kenna district of Southern Ethiopia. Methodology: The study on determination of the species composition and status pests of stored sorghum was made from of half kilogram of wheat grain sample taken from 720 stores of randomly selected representative farmer’s storages of four peasant associations using key of books related to stored product insects. Results: Fifteen arthropods species consisting of twelve primary and secondary pests and three natural enemies belonging to four insect orders with in nine families were recorded. Of which, nine species such as S. zeamais, S. oryzae, S. cerealella, T. castaneum, T. confusum, C. ferrugineus,    C. pusillus, R. dominica and P. interpunctella, respectively were found to be the most abundant as they appeared between 3.47 and 19.44 individuals per 100 g of sampled grains. They were also found to be the most frequently occurring as they occurred in the range between 63.89 and 94.44% per 100 g of sample grain collected from survey site and had major pest status. Conclusion: The traditional methods and practices used by farmers were inefficient for providing adequate protection of their stored sorghum grain pests. Therefore, there is urgent need for designing effective management strategies against insect pest’s sorghum as well as improving the existing farmer’s traditional storage strictures in the survey site in order to reduce the loss of stored sorghum by insect pests and the associated food insecurity.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON MULBERRY PEST (GLYPHODES PYLOALIS WALKER) AS AN ALTERNATE HOST TO THE PATHOGENS OF SILKWORM (BOMBYX MORI L.) DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeera Imtiyaz ◽  
K. A. Sahaf ◽  
Shabir A. Bhat ◽  
Shaheen Gul ◽  
Iqra Rafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

In the present study, susceptibility of the mulberry pest G. pyloalis to the pathogens of silkworm, Bombyx mori was ascertained. The survey was carried out at the three locations viz. Mulberry farms of College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund and two mulberry farms of Sericulture Development Department, J&K located at Mirgund and Tulsibagh, Srinagar. The plantation is ravaged by different pests and diseases and as many as 11 major and 10 minor insect pests have been reported from Jammu and Kashmir (Sharma and Tara, 1985; Khan et al., 2004). Under temperate conditions, G. pyloalis (Walker) causes severe damage to mulberry crop and is considered as a major pest of mulberry in Jammu and Kashmir (Fotadar et al., 1998). Zeya et al. (2003) reported 20-25 percent damage to mulberry foliage in Kashmir is due to G. Pyloalis during July to October. The survey study showed high infestation of G. Pyloalis during the month of October, 2017 and 2018. The maximum infestation of 73.03% was observed at SDD Tulsi Bagh followed by 45.20% at SDD Mirgund and 32.99% at CoTS Farm. During the study various stages of G. Pyloalis were found infected with the Microsporidian and Nuclear Polyhedral Virus whereas Fungal and bacterial pathogens were not observed during the present study. The mean incidence of Microsporidian and NPV was observed as 4.22% and 5.99% percent respectively during October, 2017. In the present study, susceptibility of the mulberry pest G. Pyloalis to the pathogens of silkworm, Bombyx mori was ascertained so that management strategies are taken accordingly

scholarly journals Efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes on chamomile smooth beetle Olibrus aeneus and chamomile stem weevil Microplontus rugulosus under greenhouse conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil El-Wakeil ◽  
Nawal Gaafar ◽  
Abdellah Abdel-Moniem ◽  
Christa Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Adequate Management

Chamomile Matricaria recutita (L) is an ancient healing plant; it is used for a sore stomach, a mild laxative, anti-inflammatory and a gentle sleep aid. Chamomile plants are infected by many insect pests. The flower heads are infested by chamomile smooth beetle Olibrus aeneus (Fabricius 1792). The dangerous insect is infestation with chamomile stem-weevil Microplontus rugulosus (Autumn 1795). Their infestations lead to a high reduction in chamomile yield. This work aimed to determine the adequate management strategies of Microplontus rugulosus and Olibrus aeneus, especially using entomopathogenic nematodes. Management of chamomile insects was conducted on plants moved from field to greenhouse using entomopathogenic nematodes; while the control plants were sprayed only with water. The efficiency of three types of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) was evaluated; each strain replicated 3 times; each was 50 chamomile plants (totally is 150 for each strain). Three treatment dates were carried out in May, June and July; the first one was mainly for controlling stem weevil, while the other two dates were for smooth beetle. Steinernema carpocapsae had more efficiency than S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The lived larvae were higher in the untreated than treated plants. EPNS could be one of the most effective management strategies to control such insects to keep the environment clean and should be one of the suitable control strategies for integrated insect management practices which would be developed with the ecological requirements of insects in different chamomile fields.

scholarly journals Determination of harmful locusts and their distribution in transborder territories of Uzbekistan using geographic information system

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04042
Author(s):  
Nodirbek Tufliev ◽  
Sherzod Akhmedjanov
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Border Areas

Diversity of natural climatic conditions in Central Asia leads to the mass development and spread of cross-border pests, especially locusts, in these provinces. This requires monitoring studies to determine the species composition of endangered locusts that migrate from one state to another in transboundary areas and among them the most major pest species that pose a threat to agricultural crops. Therefore, this article identifies the species composition of locusts found in the border areas of Uzbekistan with neighboring republics of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, including harmful species. The results of the use of geographic information system (GIS) technologies in monitoring the spread of locusts in the cross-border areas of Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya, Jizzakh and Namangan provinces are presented.

scholarly journals A Review of Interactions between Insect Biological Control Agents and Semiochemicals

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Sharma ◽  
Ramandeep Kaur Sandhi ◽  
Gadi V. P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pheromones ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Trap Crops

Biological control agents and semiochemicals have become essential parts of the integrated pest management of insect pests over recent years, as the incorporation of semiochemicals with natural enemies and entomopathogenic microbials has gained significance. The potential of insect pheromones to attract natural enemies has mainly been established under laboratory conditions, while semiochemicals from plants have been used to attract and retain natural enemies in field conditions using strategies such as trap crops and the push–pull mechanism. The best-known semiochemicals are those used for parasitoids–insect pest–plant host systems. Semiochemicals can also aid in the successful dispersal of entomopathogenic microbials. The use of semiochemicals to disseminate microbial pathogens is still at the initial stage, especially for bacterial and viral entomopathogens. Future studies should focus on the integration of semiochemicals into management strategies for insects, for which several semiochemical compounds have already been studied. More effective formulations of microbial agents, such as granular formulations of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs), along with bio-degradable trap materials, could improve this strategy. Furthermore, more studies to evaluate species-specific tactics may be needed, especially where more than one key pest is present.

scholarly journals The Status of Insect Pests Prevailing in Stored Wheat Grain under Traditional Storages of Cheha District of Gurage Zone of South Central Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tsehaynew Wubetu ◽  
Berhanu Hiruy
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Status

Aim: To assess the status of the insect pests of stored wheat grains in Cheha destrict of Gurage Zone of Southern Ethiopia. Study Design: Peasant associations were selected purposefully based on intensity of wheat production, such that those peasant association growing wheat predominantly were selected for the survey, while villages, representative farmers and their storage systems were selected randomly using a nested design. Place and Duration of Study: Survey was conducted between 1, July to 30, December 2019 with the interval of one month in major wheat growing peasant associations of Cheha district of south central Ethiopia. Methodology: The assessment on abundance was made from of half kilogram of wheat grain sample taken from 135 randomly selected farmer’s storages of three peasant associations using taxonomic keys of books related to stored product insects. Results: Eight major species of insect pests consisting of four primary pests and four secondary pests belonging to five families with in two insect orders were documented. Of these pests recorded, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Sitotroga cereallella, Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum, respectively were the most prevalent and frequently occurring as they appeared between 12.74 and 33.78 individuals per 100 g of grain and as they occurred in the range between 77.78 and 92.26% per 100 g of sample wheat grain collected from the survey sites, respectively. These were followed by Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus and Rhyzopertha dominica which occurred between 7.26 and 10.74 individuals per 100 g of grain and in ranges between 51.85 and 66.67% per 100 g of sample wheat grain collected. Conclusion: The traditional methods and practices used by farmers were inefficient for sufficient wheat grains protection against insect pests in storages; this implies for the urgent need for designing management strategies for more effective and sustainable methods of control.

scholarly journals Natural biological control ofChrysodeixis includens

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Pereira ◽  
D.V.C. Neves ◽  
J.N. Campos ◽  
P.A. Santana Júnior ◽  
T.E. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Sustainable Pest Control ◽  
Key Mortality Factors ◽  
Pest Management Systems

AbstractA wide variety of abiotic and biotic factors act on insect pests to regulate their populations. Knowledge of the time and magnitude of these factors is fundamental to understanding population dynamics and developing efficient pest management systems. We investigate the natural mortality factors, critical pest stages, and key mortality factors that regulateChrysodeixis includenspopulations via ecological life tables. The total mortality caused by natural factors was 99.99%. Natural enemies were the most important mortality factors in all pest stages. The critical stages ofC. includensmortality were second and fourth instars. The key mortality factors were predation by ants in the second instar and predation by Vespidae in the fourth instar. The elimination of these factors can cause an increase of 77.52 and 85.17% ofC. includenspopulation, respectively. This study elucidates the importance of natural enemies and other natural mortality factors inC. includenspopulation regulation. These factors should be considered in developing and implementingC. includensmanagement strategies and tactics in order to achieve effective and sustainable pest control.

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