scholarly journals Formation Mechanism of the Perfect Inverted V-Shape CO2 Emission Amount Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) at the Country Level: Taking Taiwan as an Example

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wu-Jang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The Past ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Electric Generation ◽  
Base Load

The reduction of carbon emissions (such as CO2) is important to slow down global warming. The direct emissions of CO2 in Taiwan are contributed from the power generation sector. This research thus analyzes the effect of fuel used in the past years and finds that the summarized percentage of coal and natural gas used is the key factor in the amount of CO2 emissions. Results show that the CO2 emission amount exhibits a perfect inverted V-shape environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) from 1998 to 2014 in Taiwan. We attribute this to there being a disproportion process of transferring residual load powering to base-load powering for coal and natural gas energies and the increase in electric generation amount every year. This disproportion process means the co-existence of all technical generation in power plants.

scholarly journals Activity-determined Steps on the Growth of Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) at the Country Level: Taiwan’s Empirical Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Wu-Jang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration ◽  
Country Level ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Linear Increment

Taiwan’s atmospheric CO2 concentration is half in compliance on the formation of a environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), and the major contributor of direct CO2 emissions in Taiwan is from the power generation sector using coal and natural gas as fuel. Atmospheric CO2 concentration has been found to have the linear increment with stepwise fluctuations every five years during the period 2001-2018. Activity-determined steps were proposed noting that there is a proportion process for the increase of CO2 coming directly from the emission source of power plants and the source from the marginal sea sink to atmosphere sink due to memory delay-releasing. The alternative occurring events of EI Nino and La Nina in the West-Pacific region exactly match the fluctuations every five years, and the difference between the monitored atmospheric CO2 concentration with an empirical equation of calculated atmospheric CO2 concentration from the electricity structure in a single country level is a new indictor for the occurrences of EI Nino and La Nina phenomena in this region. Results also showed that the atmospheric CO2 concentration in Taiwan for the year 2035 is predicted to be as high as 430 ppm, due to a 50% natural gas energy policy. Our study provides a causal explanation for why atmospheric CO2 concentration has a linear increase shape with stepwise fluctuations for a single country. Our study has also proved that the linear increment with stepwise fluctuations also exhibits a EKC pattern.

scholarly journals Activity-determined Steps on the Attenuation of Atmospheric PM2.5 Concentration Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) at the Country Level: Empirical Evidence in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Wu-Jang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Natural Activity

Finding ways to minimize the atmospheric concentration of PM2.5 is an emergency issue throughout the world. This research has found a method to calculate historical PM2.5 data and to define the PM2.5 environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) pattern in Taiwan. From the analysis of the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency’s public emission data, results showed that the continuous decay of PM2.5 is mostly contributed by the energy policy, while several short-term regular stepwise fluctuations in PM2.5 concentrations are caused by natural activity. Our study also proved that the linear decay with stepwise fluctuations also exhibits an EKC pattern. The results herein mean that the continuous decay of PM2.5 is caused by the energy policy, while the regular fluctuation of PM2.5 concentrations is caused by natural activity, like the La Nino phenomena. Based on the viewpoint of this paper, the oil consumption percentage for electricity generation should be first reduced to zero. However, oil-based power plants are an important emergency source of electricity supply. If Taiwan wants to continue the reduction of PM2.5 in the future, then a big capacity electric storage facility should be built as an emergency source of electricity supply. The energy policy in Taiwan at 2025 will be 50% natural gas, 30% coal, and 20% green energy. As oil fuel will reach 0%, PM2.5 will be affected by the energy intensity contributed from coal and natural gas, meaning that PM2.5 will maintain a long-term attenuation trend until 2035.

scholarly journals Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisit: Role of Economic Diversity in Environmental Degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raza Ghazal ◽  
Mohammad Sharif Karimi ◽  
Bakhtiar Javaheri
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Co2 Intensity

Abstract Background: Unlike the classical view, a new path of economic growth and development among the emerging and developing nations seems to have distinct impact on environment. Customary patterns of production and consumption have undergone significant changes and the new “growth with non-smoke-staks” has put the developing economies on a path that can change Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) fundamentally. With this view, the current study attempts to examine how these growth patterns among developing world have impacted the degradation of environment. We argue that including income per capita and share of manufacturing would not capture the full growth dynamic of developing and emerging countries and therefore it masks the real impacts on environmental degradation. To this end, we introduce the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) to the model to reflect the full impacts of new growth approaches on CO2 emission levels by using a panel data analyses of 100 emerging and developing countries over 1963-2018 period.Results: The results indicate that complexity of the economies of developing and emerging countries has added to the CO2 emission levels in absolute terms but it has helped to reduce the CO2 intensity. Conclusions: The implications of the findings for developing and developed countries could be quite significant. For advanced economies, a downwardly-shifted Kuznets curve implies that, on one hand, technology transfers have been successful in curbing the environmental degradation of developing economies and, on the other hand, the economic transformation strategies of developing world is working in a sustainable way.

Evaluation of Arabian Super Light and Arabian Extra Light Crude Oil for Use in Dry Low NOx (DLN) Combustion Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Goldmeer ◽  
Paul Glaser ◽  
Bassam Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Commercial Operation

Abstract The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has seen significant transformation in power generation in the past 10 years. There has been an increase in the number of F-class combined cycle power plants being developed and brought into commercial operation. There has also been a shift to the use of natural gas as primary fuel. At the same time, there has been an interest in switching the back-up fuel for new power plants from refined distillates to domestic crude oils. Both Arabian Super Light (ASL) and Arabian Extra Light (AXL) have been proposed for use in new F-class gas turbine combined cycle power plants. This paper provides details on the combustion evaluations of ASL and AXL, as well as the first field usage of ASL in a gas turbine.

Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Storage in Iranian Electricity Generation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid Zabihian ◽  
Alan S. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Co2 Capture And Storage ◽  
And Storage

CO2 capture and storage (CCS) systems are technologies that can be used to reduce CO2 emissions by different industries where combustion is part of the process. A major problem of CCS system utilization in electricity generation industry is their high efficiency penalty in power plants. For different types of power plants fueled by oil, natural gas and coal, there are three main techniques that can be applied: • CO2 capture after combustion (post-combustion); • CO2 capture after concentration of flue gas by using pure oxygen in boilers and furnaces (oxy-fuel power plant); • CO2 capture before combustion (pre-combustion). More than 90% of electricity generation in Iran is based on fossil fuel power plants. Worldwide, electricity generation is responsible for 54% of GHG emissions. Thus, it is vital to reduce CO2 emission in fossil fuel-fired power plants. In this paper, it is shown that, by applying CO2 capture systems in power generation industry, very low CO2 emission intensity is possible but the energy and economic penalties are substantial. The analyses showed that for different technologies efficiency penalty could be as high as 25% and cost of electricity might increase by more than 65%. Two scenarios for Iranian electricity generation sector were investigated in this paper: installing CCS in the existing power plants with current technologies and replacing existing power plants by natural gas combined cycle plants equipped with CO2 capture system. The results revealed that the GHG intensity can be reduced from 610 to 79 gCO2eq/kWh in the first scenario and to 54 gCO2eq/kWh in the second scenario.

Syngas Burner Optimization for Fuelling a Heavy Duty Gas Turbine With Various Syngas Blends

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Bonzani
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Main Aspect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Variable Quantity ◽  
Maximum Quantity ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Base Load

The IGCC power plant of Ferrera Erbognone will be the first real commercial power plant in Italy to be operated without taking into account the high benefits once available according to the national law (CIP6/1992) specifically dealing with recovery fuel usage alternative to natural gas. The syngas will be provided by the nearby refinery using tar as main feedstock. Furthermore, according to the demands of the refinery it will be possible in the gasifier island to separate hydrogen in variable quantity from the syngas thus giving a high variability composition as output fuel. Also, if the maximum quantity of hydrogen will be separated, an integration with natural gas will be performed in order to get the maximum power output of the power plant. As a consequence, the syngas burner has been designed taking into account all the fuel characteristics depending on the different composition carried out. According to these, the burner has been optimised in order to fit the various syngas blends to be fuelled when running the engine. In order to verify the modifications carried out the burner has been tested both at atmospheric and full engine conditions since the NOx requirements for this project are the more stringent experienced with respect to the past projects (NOx to be below 25 ppm). During these test the main aspect to be in investigated have been: a) Minimum load when feeding the gas turbine with syngas. b) NOx emission from 60% load up to base load. c) Change over from natural gas to syngas and vice versa. The tests have been performed successfully: commissioning on site will start on November 2005. The paper describe the design and the testing phase highlighting the main features of the burner and the fuel system with respect to the plant requirements.

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