The Utilization of Laundry Wastewater as Liquid Fertilizer for Rice Plants

The laundry liquid wastewater contains detergents and phosphates which are nutrients for plant which can also causepollution, explosive growth of aquatic biota, and aquatic ecosystems eutrophication. The great potential of laundrywaste requires an efficient and inexpensive waste treatment model to reduce the phosphate content. This study aimsto examine the effect of wetlands on laundry wastewater, straw soaking water, and the use of effluent as a liquidfertilizer for rice plants. As well as analyzing the fate of toxic detergents (ABS) in rice grains on a laboratory scale.The results showed the wetland was able to reduce the pollutants level in laundry wastewater and toxic organic bondswith the BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, Detergent, Phosphate reduction efficiency between 49% - 95%; has met the PERDADIY no. 7 of 2016 about Quality Standard. The operating conditions that provided the optimum results in this studywere the laundry wastewater treatment model and the utilization of effluent as liquid fertilizer for rice plants withstraw soaking water neutralization with minimum discharge variations resulting in effluent quality and quantity ofharvested products of 75 gr/0.4 m2 and there is a detergent residue content of 24.80 mg/kg; without straw soaking,yields 155 gr/0.4 m2 with detergent residue content of 32.65 mg/kg. Iconic and diagrammatic models of laundrywastewater treatment were obtained based on the quality variable, quantity variable, and the effluent pre-treatmentcapacity variable thus it can be used as liquid fertilizer for rice plants to describe the behavior of the real system. Thefactor that has a high influence on system performance, but the dependence between factors is low, namely the effluent flow discharge into the wetland.

Establishing patterns in the compatible electromagnetic and electromechanical transition processes when the starter is powered by a supercapacitor

Supercapacitors are commonly used for a guaranteed launch of diesel generators. However, the processes caused by the starting current until the starter shaft rotates are disregarded. The duration of this moment is short but its effect on the rechargeable battery, taking into consideration its service life, is significant. The shape of this pulse, its duration significantly depend on the ratio of system parameters: supercapacitor (rechargeable battery) – starter – diesel generator. A system of differential equations has been proposed to describe the compatible electromagnetic and electromechanical processes that occur when the starter of the diesel generator is powered from the supercapacitor. A charge is used as a variable quantity. The transitional processes occurring in the stationary starter rotor and the subsequent processes caused by the growth of the electromagnetic starter moment have been taken into consideration. This paper reports establishing those patterns that are related to the beginning of the starter movement, its entering the mode at the falling voltage of the supercapacitor, the exchange of electrical and magnetic energy accumulated in the inductive elements of the starter. Using the charge as a variable quantity has made it possible to combine the final values of the preceding process (stationary rotor) with the initial ones of the next one (output to starting speed). Thus, a mathematical notation has been derived that considers most of the parameters of the charge circle of the supercapacitor. The possibility of using an inflated voltage of the supercapacitor to increase the accumulated energy has been clarified. The processes have been theoretically substantiated, which makes it possible to use a small internal resistance of the starter circuit, the presence of inductive components, an abnormal capacity of the supercapacitor to form the desired shape of the electromagnetic moment. That would make it possible to take into consideration the specific requirements of various systems of guaranteed power supply.

Centrifugation does not remove bacteria from the fat fraction of human milk

Analysis of the human milk microbiome is complicated by the presence of a variable quantity of fat. The fat fraction of human milk is typically discarded prior to analysis. It is assumed that all cells are pelleted out of human milk by high speed centrifugation; however, studies of bovine milk have reported that bacteria may remain trapped within the fat fraction. Here, the bacterial DNA profiles of the fat fraction and cell pellet of human milk (n = 10) were analysed. Human and bacterial DNA was consistently recovered from the fat fraction of human milk (average of 12.4% and 32.7%, respectively). Staphylococcus epidermidis was significantly more abundant in the cell pellet compared to the fat fraction (P = 0.038), and three low-abundance species (< 5% relative abundance) were recovered from one fraction only. However, inclusion of fat reduced the efficiency of DNA extraction by 39%. Culture-based methods were used to quantify the distribution of an exogenously added strain of Staphylococcus aureus in human milk fractions. S. aureus was consistently recovered from the fat fraction (average 28.9%). Bacterial DNA profiles generated from skim milk or cell pellets are not representative of the entire human milk microbiome. These data have critical implications for the design of future work in this field.

A Kinematic Model of the Shoulder Complex Obtained from a Wearable Detection System

Due to the complex coupled motion of the shoulder mechanism, the design of the guiding movement rules of rehabilitation robots generally lacks specific motion coupling information between the glenohumeral (GH) joint center and humeral elevation angle. This study focuses on establishing a kinematic model of the shoulder complex obtained from a wearable detection system, which can describe the specific motion coupling relationship between the GH joint center displacement variable quantity relative to the thorax coordinate system and the humeral elevation angle. A kinematic model, which is a generalized GH joint with a floating center, was proposed to describe the coupling motion. Twelve healthy subjects wearing the designed detection system performed a right-arm elevation in the sagittal and coronal planes respectively, and the motion information of the GH joint during humeral elevation in the sagittal and coronal planes was detected and quantized, with the analytical formulas acquired based on the experimental data. The differences in GH joint motion during humeral elevation in the sagittal and coronal planes were also evaluated respectively, which also verified the effectiveness of the proposed kinematic model.

Substance use and antisocial behavior: criterion-related validity of the Antisocial Process Screening Device in Mexican adolescents

Introduction. Adolescents who use drugs present several health problems, including criminal behavior. The Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) is a test that evaluates current conduct disorders in adolescents. Objective. This research carried out a cross-cultural adaptation of the APSD on Mexican population. Method. The original version of the APSD was translated into Mexican Spanish. The final version was administered to 1 070 adolescents (958 students, 72 with minor faults, and 40 with criminal behavior) who completed the APSD and the ENCODE, the National survey on drug use. We computed correlations and regression models between APSD and ENCODE. We carried out a multivariate analysis to compare samples and quantity of drugs. Finally, we fitted the two-and three-factor models of the APSD with a CFA. Results. The APSD scores correlated significantly with all of the ENCODE variables. In the multivariate analysis, the variable quantity of drugs was significant to rise the APSD score (F [3 847] = 7.53, p = .000). The CFA with three factors had the best fit. Reliability analysis suggests acceptable internal consistency (α = .79). Discussion and conclusion. Our results confirmed that the Mexican Spanish version of the APSD has good psychometric properties to be used in future research.

Development of construction and analysis of the elastic shells packet stability of the device for well trajectory management

Overview of equipment for management of a trajectory of directional and horizontal wells during drill process was done in the article. Both domestic and foreign equipment are described. Based on the critical analyses, most promising designs were chosen and were described their base disadvantage: restriction of range of changing of curvature angle of deflecting tool through some design features. Based on mentioned above, modern device for management of directional and horizontal wells trajectory was suggested. Advanced unit for curvature of deflecting tool’s axle is fundamentals of construction. Using of the elastic shells packet that loses stability by critical axial load and gets small longitudinal deformation is the main innovation. Further, it is a reason of unlocking the mutual movement of specific elements of the device and buckling of its axis on preset angle. That’s why angle of deflecting tool curvature does not depend of absolute longitudinal deformation of the elastic shells packet and, as result, is not restricted by them. Deflecting tool’s axis gets the rectilinear shape after a drill string is torn off from a downhole. So, there is possible to manage a well axis during drilling process using stretching and compression of the deflecting tool. The elastic shells packet that consists of variable quantity of shells is used for setting necessary compression force that switches device in regime of curvature. Stability of the packet was analyzed by 3D-modeling and finite element method. The magnitude of critical force is determined depending on the number of shells in the packet. Was mentioned, this dependence is rectilinear. There is a possibility, by selecting the number of shells in the elastic shells packet, to manage magnitude of axial compression force that causes bend of the deflecting tool’s axis considering needed bit load.

Definition of Derivative Function: Logical Error in Mathematics

The critical analysis of the foundations of the differential calculus is proposed. Methodological basis of the analysis is the unity of formal logic and of rational dialectics. It is shown that differential calculus is fictitious mathematical theory because the concept of the limiting process is the starting point for definition of the derivative function. The passage to the limit “zero” in the definition of the derivative function signifies that the variable quantity takes the only essential value “zero”. This fact leads to the following errors. (1) The definition of the derivative function is based on the violation of the necessary and sufficient condition for the validity of the relationship between the increment of the function argument and the increment of the function because the increment of the function is divided by the zero increment of the argument in the case of the limiting process. (2) The definition of the derivative function is based on the contradiction which is that the increment of the argument is both zero and not zero in the same relationship. This contradiction represents a violation of the formal-logical law of identity and of the formal-logical law of the lack of contradiction. (3) The definition of the differential of function is based on two contradictory (mutually exclusive) features: the differential of the argument is not zero while the increment of the argument in the definition of the derivative function is zero.

Study of Rheological Properties of Modified Concrete Mixtures at Vibration

Study of rheological properties of concrete mixtures based on modified cement systems in order to determine process parameters. Methodology. To study structural-mechanical properties of modified concrete mixtures of different consistency at their horizontal vibrating displacement an oscillatory viscometer was designed. Results. The optimization of the process of vibration displacement of concrete mixtures with the specification of parameters of vibration impacts taking into account structural-mechanical properties of the mixture is performed. It has been established that the viscosity of the modified cement system of the concrete mixture is a variable quantity, which depends on the parameters of the vibration impacts. Scientific novelty. The mechanism of interaction of the modified concrete mixture with the form and the table vibrator during its vibration compaction is determined. On the basis of this, a model of concrete laying process control is proposed, that allows to predict the ability to form a dense concrete structure. Practical significance. Disclosed physical nature of the process of vibrating displacement of modified concrete mixtures using the principles of physical-chemical mechanics of concrete allows reasonably choose the best options for vibration impacts.