scholarly journals Small Pilot System for the Manufacture of in Situ Precipitated Calcium Carbonate in the Presence of Pulp Fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Bardhyl Bajrami
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Pulp

Paper fillers materials are less expensive than fiber, allowing reduced production costs and improvement of paper properties. A small pilot scale in-situ laboratory calcium carbonate filler precipitation unit was developed and designed with the objective to provide enough pulp fiber containing in-situ precipitated calcium carbonate for a small 12-inch (304 mm) wide laboratory paper machine. The in-situ precipitation system requires the reactants calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide and was tested with a eucalyptus pulp fiber pulp suspension. The final precipitated in-situ filler content achieved was 38.2%, 55.5% and 66.6% based on initial eucalyptus pulp fiber content. The precipitation time from an initial pH of 12.77, 12.76 and 11.98 to an final pH of 7.29, 7.55, and 7.28 for the 3 kg, 6kg, and 9 kg of calcium hydroxide reactant addition was 45 minutes for the 3 kg and 9 kg calcium hydroxide addition and 40 min. for the 6 kg calcium hydroxide addition.

scholarly journals In Situ Precipitated Calcium Carbonate in the Presence of Pulp Fibers – A Beating Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Bardhyl Bajrami
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fiber Suspension ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Eucalyptus Pulp ◽  
Fiber Wall ◽  
Breaking Length

The paper industry around the world is in search for new ways to decrease production costs. New approached with additives such as new developed In Situ precipitated paper fillers materials have the potential to reduce production cost and increase profit margins. In Situ precipitated calcium carbonate filler with 20.9% and 41.7% filler material was produced in a large-scale laboratory unit using a eucalyptus pulp fiber suspension with a 1.7% fiber solids content. Laboratory beating tests were performed with a Valley Beater and APFI Mill using pure eucalyptus pulp with no filler content as the based trial and the two-laboratory manufactured In Situ precipitated filler pulps. Valley Beater and PFI Mill laboratory beating machines show similar differences/trends for the breaking length, tear and burst index. EC-pulp with no filler has the highest strength for breaking length, tear and burst index. With increasing filler level breaking length, tear and burst index decrease. Filler containing pulp shows a decrease in beating time for the same beating level.  20 minutes for the Valley Beater and 15000 revolutions for the PFI mill show highest change in pulp fiber beating level sufficient for paper making operation. Valley Beater and PFI Mill laboratory equipment operate different and an exact comparison of the beating curves is not possible. Based on the amount of pulp fiber needed for experiments the Valley Beater for large amounts and the PFI mill for smaller amounts should be selected. The SEM pictographs of the Valley Beater and PFI Mill beating trials from 0 stage to the high beating stage at 80 minutes for the Valley beater and 60000 revolutions for the PFI Mill show similar results. No damage to the fibers is noticeable at the unbeaten level. With increasing beating level. At a magnification of 430 times the fiber structure shows an increasing dense fiber structure with less visible pores. Magnification of 2500 times reveals increasing damage to the fiber wall and fiber surface.

scholarly journals Beating of Eucalyptus Pulp Fibers under Neutral and Alkaline Conditions – A Valley Beater Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Bardhyl Bajrami
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Eucalyptus Pulp ◽  
Pulp Suspensions ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp

Beating is one of the most important and complicated processes that influences paper production and paper quality from both a process and a paper property standpoint. With increasing costs, environmental regulations and competitiveness in the today’s global market, paper and board producers revisit existing production process to decrease production costs. New approached with additives such as new developed in-situ precipitated paper fillers materials have the potential to reduce production cost and increase profit margins. For this research bleached eucalyptus Kraft pulp adjusted to a pH of 7.5, 11.0 and 12.3, and laboratory manufactured in-situ precipitated calcium carbonate with a filler level based on oven dry fiber content of 20.9% and 41.7% and a pH of 7.5, and commercial produced precipitated calcium carbonate filler of 10% and 20%. All pulp suspensions were beaten for 80 minutes with samples taken at the unbeaten level and 20 minutes increments. The beating curve over 80 minutes beating time show that pulp suspensions with in-situ produced filer material have a higher dewatering ability with increasing filler content compared to the pulps with commercial PCC and different pH values. Viscosity slightly decreases for pulp suspension with commercial and in-situ produced filler content. Pulp suspension at a pH of 12.3 showed a significant decrease in viscosity over the 80 minutes beating time, superseding the filler containing pulp suspensions. Basis weight decreased over beating time for all pulp suspensions, which can be explained with an increased fines production during beating and lower fiber retention during handsheet forming. The breaking length index increase for all pulp suspensions till 40 minutes of beating time for the filler containing pulp suspensions. Tear index and burst index curves based on beating time are similar for all pulp suspensions with a maximum at 40 minutes beating for the tear index and 60 minutes beating for the burst index. High filler containing pulp suspension showed the lowest tear index.

scholarly journals Eucalyptus Pulp Fibers with In-Situ Precipitated Calcium Carbonate – A 12-Inch Laboratory Paper Machine Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Bardhyl Bajrami
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fiber Suspension ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Paper Properties

Paper manufacturing on a global scale is a highly competitive market which requires to constantly improve the manufacturing process to be competitive. To decrease production cost paper manufactures, add filler material prior to sheet forming to replace costly wood fiber based raw material. This research project investigates the use of in-situ precipitated calcium carbonate produced in the presence of eucalyptus fiber material at a 41.0% filler level prior to beating. The in-situ filler containing eucalyptus fiber suspension was used on a 12’ (304mm) wide Laboratory Fourdrinier Paper Machine together with non-filler containing eucalyptus fiber material, and a commercial precipitated calcium carbonate filler material. The manufactured in-situ fiber suspension resulted in a higher ash retention compared to the addition of the powdered commercial PCC filler material. In addition to commercial filler material retention is improved at higher filler addition above 30%. The increased ash retention is linked to the increased micro fibrillation fiber material of the in-situ filler-fiber suspension forming neckless like particles on the fibers microfibrils. Mechanical paper properties showed an improvement for in-situ precipitated filler material compared to commercial filler material addition. Optical properties could be improved in comparison to the eucalyptus fiber without filler addition for in-situ precipitated filler material and a combination of in-situ and commercial filler material.

PREPARATION OF PRECIPITATED CALCIUMCARBONATE USING ADDITIVE AND WITHOUT ADDITIVE

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuar Othman ◽  
Nasharuddin Isa ◽  
Rohaya Othman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
The One

Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) chemically can be synthesized in the laboratory. In this study, hydrated lime or calcium hydroxide was used as raw material with sucrose as additive to produce PCC. The process was compared with the one without additive. PCC produced was observed based on morphology, mineral composition and size by using Fesem-Edx and LPSA, respectively. PCC products without additive demonstrated fine and more uniform size of calcite PCC as compared to the one with additive. Nevertheless, the process with additive produced more PCC product than without additive.

Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate-Polyethylene Oxide Hybrid Nanofibers Through In-Situ Electrospinning

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2627-2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Faridi-Majidi ◽  
Naser Sharifi-Sanjani ◽  
Mohammad Madani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hybrid Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gaseous Carbon Dioxide

In this work, calcium carbonate nanoparticles-polyethylene oxide nanofibers as organic–inorganic hybrid were prepared via in-situ electrospinning. Thus, electrospinning of polyethylene oxide solution saturated with calcium hydroxide was carried out in gaseous carbon dioxide atmosphere. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles were formed on the produced nanofibers of 200–300 nm in diameter. The existence of the formed CaCO3 was also proved by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) via loss of gaseous CO2 related to the decomposition of CaCO3 at about 500–840 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the nanofibers showed that the formed CaCO3 nanoparticles have vaterite morphology. DSC analysis was used to determine melting point and to calculate the crystallinity of the produced hybrid nanofibers. The TEM, TGA, XRD and DSC analyses results of the obtained nanofibers were compared with those of the nanofibers produced in electrospinning of pure polyethylene oxide solution and polyethylene oxide solution having calcium hydroxide, both in air.

scholarly journals Effects of In-Situ Filler Loading vs. Conventional Filler and the Use of Retention-Related Additives on Properties of Paper

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5066
Author(s):  
Maria Emiliana Fortună ◽  
Andrei Lobiuc ◽  
Lucian-Mihai Cosovanu ◽  
Maria Harja
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Content ◽  
Optical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Filler Retention

In the present paper, aspects concerning the obtained and characterization of additive systems used for maximizing filler retention, and the effects on paper properties, were investigated. The effects of retention additives over properties of paper, containing fibers from in-situ loading (IS-CCP), were analyzed against the effects of additives over properties of paper containing fibers from conventional loading, obtained by the addition of calcium carbonate in precipitated form (CCP). The physico-mechanical properties were analyzed by various analyses and investigations: calcium carbonate content, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, optical and mechanical properties, in order to develop the best systems of retention additives for obtaining higher retention loads for making paper with high content of nano-filler material. The obtained results reveal that at the same level of calcium carbonate content, all paper samples with in-situ loading had higher the optical and mechanical properties than the paper obtained by conventional loading in all cases the additives studied. For all studied properties, nanoparticles had a positively influence over paper properties.

Application of calcium carbonate for uncoated digital printing paper from 100% eucalyptus pulp

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLAUS DOELLE ◽  
JOHN J. AMAYA
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Digital Printing ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Eucalyptus Pulp ◽  
Printing Paper

Increasing the filler content in paper to reduce the cost of materials is an ongoing effort among papermakers. Selecting the proper calcium carbonate additive for each type of paper is the key to achieving this goal. Calcium carbonate is the most widely used filler material in the paper industry. On average, it is applied at levels of 18% to 30%. Quality requirements of each type of paper vary widely, according to use; understanding the effect that different types of calcium carbonate have on paper properties allows producers to choose the best filler for each use. Given that the market for uncoated digital printing paper is expected to grow, this study focused on selecting the optimal calcium carbonate for the production of uncoated digital printing paper made from 100% eucalyptus pulp. In this study, 13 varieties of calcium carbonates were used to prepare handsheets for the detailed analyses of structural, optical, and strength properties. The samples included nine varieties of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) (two rhombic and seven scalenohedral, covering a particle size range from 1.2 μm to 2.9 μm) and four varieties of ground calcium carbonate (GCC) (three anionic and one cationic, with a particle size range of 0.7 μm to 1.5 μm). From the results of this study, we determined that the optimal calcium carbonate for uncoated digital printing paper made from eucalyptus pulp is scalenohedral PCC with a particle size of 1.9 μm, because of its positive effects on caliper, stiffness, brightness, and opacity.

scholarly journals Calcium Carbonate–Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hybrid Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3336
Author(s):  
Maria E. Fortună ◽  
Elena Ungureanu ◽  
Carmen D. Jitareanu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Breaking Length ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

In the present work, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) were prepared to obtain new hybrid materials used in papermaking. In the first step, occurred the precipitation of CaCO3 in solution containing CMC at different levels (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). In the second step, PCC–CMC hybrid material (25%) was added to pulp suspension, and the sheets were made. The effect of PCC–CMC on paper properties (mechanical and optical) was systematically investigated. Breaking length, the brightness and opacity of the sheets obtained with the PCC–CMC material were better than the sheets fabricated with the unmodified PCC at similar levels of content.

The Effect of Initial Hydration Temperature on the Characteristics of Calcium Hydroxide and Aragonite Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Whan Ahn ◽  
Jung Ah Kim ◽  
Kwang Suk You ◽  
Hwan Kim ◽  
Hee Chan Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Hydration Process ◽  
Hydration Time ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Carbonation Process

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) is obtained through three processes; that of calcination, hydration, and carbonation. Thus, changes in each process condition determine the particle size or morphology of the mediums (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide) as well as the product (PCC). To date, studies concerning precipitated calcium carbonate have mainly focused on the carbonation process, aimed at the manufacturing of PCC. Thus far, few studies on calcination or hydration have been conducted. Calcium hydroxide is regarded as the most important factor during the carbonation process. It is obtained through a hydration process. Therefore, in order to create the valuable PCC studies that center on the hydration process should be carried out. The present study seeks to investigate the effect of the hydration condition, particularly the temperature, on the synthesis characteristics of calcium hydroxide and aragonite PCC. The results show that the particle size of calcium hydroxide changes with variations in the initial hydration temperature. In particular, a higher initial temperature resulted in a larger particle size of the calcium hydroxide used in the synthesis. The particle size and yield of aragonite also increased when calcium hydroxide created at high temperatures was used. However, the water/solid ratio or total amount at the hydration time had no effect on the manufacturing process of aragonite.

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