scholarly journals New Insight of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T Gene Polymorphisms, and Serum Electrolytes in Cardiac Syndrome X Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Nasir Abdelrafie Hamad ◽  
Lienda Bashier Eltayeb
Keyword(s):  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome X ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome

Background: Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX) is a condition affecting the cardiovascular system with a significant degree of morbidity. Diagnosis and treatment are challenging when the cause is unclear. Subsequently, a molecular marker for screening of people with CSX is highly recommended. The present study evaluated the association between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism among Sudanese patients with CSX. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 subjects were enrolled. Venous blood sample was collected from each participant in Ethylene Diamine Tetracetic Acid (EDTA) containers. DNA was extracted from blood samples using guanidine chloride method and MTHFR mutation was detected by PCR-restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data. Results: Most patients 30(60%) were females, their age ranged between 30-60 with mean age 44.98±7.34 SD. MTHFR 677CT genotype frequency was statistically significant (P≤0.014), where 10(20%) had 677CT and 1(2%) had 677TT among patients group respectively compared to control individuals who had only 2(4%) 677CT. T alleles were significantly more frequent among our participant than C alleles. There is insignificant slightly decreased (2.4 ±2.8, and 2.5±3.2) in serum magnesium levels among patients compared to control respectively, as well as random blood glucose. Elevated mean levels of total cholesterol, and HDL among patients (182 ±18.1, and 49.7±7.1) vs (180 ±20.3, and 46.6 ±11.3) among control group, all findings were statistically non-significant. Slightly decrease in magnesium level (2.2 ±2.1, vs 2.9 ±0.8) among heterozygous CT genotypes compared to homozygous genotypes. Conclusion: MTHFR C677T is linked to CSX in the Sudanese population, and serum magnesium level was slightly decreased among heterozygous MTHFR C677T. Furthermore, the mutation could be used as a disease molecular screening technique.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the coronary flow by the coronary clearance time in patients with cardiac syndrome X

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Yildirim ◽  
Uygar Cagdas Yuksel ◽  
Murat Celik ◽  
Baris Bugan ◽  
Mutlu Gungor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome X ◽  
Conventional Angiography ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome ◽  
Normal Coronary Angiography

Objective The vessels involved in the microcirculation are too small to be visualized by conventional angiography and no tools are currently available that can directly evaluate the coronary microcirculation. This study evaluated the coronary clearance frame count (CCFC) in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX). Methods The retrospective study enrolled patients with angina, who had a positive nuclear imaging test and normal coronary angiography; and a control group consisting of patients who underwent an angiogram to exclude coronary artery disease. Thrombosis in myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) and CCFC for each coronary artery (left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD], circumflex coronary artery [CFX] and right coronary artery [RCA]) were calculated offline. Results A total of 71 patients with CSX and 61 control patients were enrolled in the study. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the baseline demographic and clinical variables. The TFC of LAD, CFX and RCA were similar between the two groups. The mean CCFC-LAD, CCFC-CFX and CCFC-RCA were significantly longer in the CSX group compared with the control group. Conclusion CCFC is a simple, quantitative and highly reproducible method that might be used as a marker of coronary microvascular dysfunction.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Microcirculatory Transit Time as a Risk Stratification Method in Cardiac Syndrome X Conducted in a Tertiary Hospital at Hyderabad, Telangana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 2509-2513
Author(s):  
Krishna Malakondareddy Parvathareddy ◽  
Jagadeesh Reddy Kolli ◽  
Srinivas Ravi ◽  
Praveen Nagula ◽  
Syed Imamuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome X ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome ◽  
Stratification Method ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is not benign, and it needs long-term follow up and risk factor modification. In this study, we wanted to calculate microcirculatory transit time on coronary angiography in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX), compare microcirculatory transit time in patients with and without CSX and to see whether microcirculatory transit time can be proposed as a risk stratification method in CSX. METHODS Cross sectional study of 52 patients. The angiogram was taken at 15 frames per second. The left coronary artery was injected with 7 ml of contrast approximately. Microcirculatory transit time (MCTT) was obtained offline. The microcirculatory transit time in seconds is calculated as last frame count minus first frame count/15. Microcirculatory transit time was compared and analysed in both groups. RESULTS A total of 52 subjects were analysed. There were 26 cases in the angina group with a mean age of 49.96 years and 26 cases in the control group with a mean age of 50.32 years. Dyslipidemia, smoking and statin use were more common in the angina group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean MCTT of the group with angina and positive treadmill test (TMT) was 6.76 seconds, whereas the negative TMT group was 6.39 seconds. The mean frame count was 58.1, and the mean MCTT was 3.8 seconds in the control group, whereas the mean frame count and mean MCTT were 98.1 and 6.5 seconds in the angina group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CSX patients had longer MCTT than patients without chest pain and normal coronary arteries. MCTT can be used to assess the risks of CSX. Long-term followup studies with a large sample size should be conducted. KEYWORDS Cardiac Syndrome X, Angina, Coronary Artery Disease, Microcirculation

Hemorheological abnormalities and their associations with coronary blood flow in patients with cardiac syndrome X: a comparison between males and females

Perfusion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Eun Yi ◽  
Ho-Joong Youn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome X ◽  
Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome ◽  
Low Shear

Aim: The role of elevated whole blood viscosity (WBV) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is well known. We sought to investigate the gender differences in the association between WBV, coronary blood flow and tissue oxygen delivery index (TODI) in cardiac syndrome X (CSX). Methods: Forty-six CSX patients and 14 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The coronary flow parameters were obtained with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and WBV was measured (at high-shear and low-shear rates of 300s-1 and 5s-1, respectively) using a scanning capillary tube viscometer. TODI was determined from the ratio of hematocrit to WBV measured at a low-shear rate of 5s-1. Results: In male patients, the mean diastolic coronary flow velocity (CFV) and diastolic velocity time integral (VTI) were significantly decreased compared to control group (all p<0.05) and the WBV showed significant negative correlation with peak systolic CFV (r = −0.559 at 300s-1, r = −0.438 at 5s-1), mean systolic CFV (r = −0.577 at 300s-1, r = −0.488 at 5s-1), systolic VTI (r = −0.576 at 300s-1, r = −0.530 at 5s-1) and diastolic VTI (r = −0.553 at 300s-1, r = −0.551 at 5s-1) (all p<0.01). Meanwhile, although female patients showed no significant relationships between WBV and coronary flow parameters, TODI were significantly decreased compared to the control group (3.64 ± 0.34 vs. 4.07 ± 0.38%/centipoises (cP), respectively, p=0.008). Conclusion: Our study suggests that there are gender-related differences in the pathogenesis of microvascular angina and gender-specific approaches for CSX patients might be needed.

Serum bilirubin predicts long-term clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac syndrome X

Heart ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (15) ◽  
pp. 1227-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-S. Huang ◽  
P.-H. Huang ◽  
H.-B. Leu ◽  
T.-C. Wu ◽  
S.-J. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome X ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome

Effects of combination of statin and calcium channel blocker in patients with cardiac syndrome X

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinling Zhang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Xiangting Li ◽  
Xiaofei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blocker ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome X ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome

scholarly journals Relationship Between High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein and CagA Positive Helicobacter pylori in Cardiac Syndrome X

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-533
Author(s):  
Y. Rasmi ◽  
M. H. Seyed-Mohammadzad ◽  
S. Raeisi
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome X ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Caga Status

Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) may induce a persistent systemic inflammatory response in cardiac syndrome X (CSX). We aimed to evaluate relationship of CagA status and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in CSX patients. Sixty CSX patients and 60 gender matched controls were enrolled. Plasma samples were tested in terms of the presence of IgG antibody to Helicobacterpylori (anti-H. pylori) and CagA (anti-CagA) using ELISA method. Also, plasma level of hs-CRP was measured by ELISA method. CSX patients were detected to have significantly higher plasma hs-CRP level in comparison with the control ones (3.64 ± 3.07 vs. 0.54 ± 0.49, µg/ml, P = 0.0001). Plasma levels of hs-CRP in CSX patients with anti-CagA+ were significantly higher than those in anti-CagA(-) (CSX: 4.66±3.63 vs. 2.58±1.95 µg/ml, P = 0.011). Also, plasma levels of hs-CRP in the controls with anti-CagA+ were significantly higher than those in anti-CagA- (1.05±0.68 vs. 0.32±0.31 µg/ml, respectively, P = 0.004). The present data suggested that CagA status was probably associated with susceptibility to severe CSX by causing inflammation. The evidence for this hypothesis indicated that levels of hs-CRP increased in anti-CagA+ patients compared to the anti-CagA- ones. Keywords: Cardiac syndrome X; Helicobacter pylori; Inflammation ; hs-CRP, Cytotoxin-associated gene A. © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i3.14171 J. Sci. Res. 5 (3), 527-533 (2013)

scholarly journals Frequency and severity of myocardial perfusion abnormalities using Tc-99m MIBI SPECT in cardiac syndrome X

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Saghari ◽  
Majid Assadi ◽  
Mohammad Eftekhari ◽  
Mohammad Yaghoubi ◽  
Armaghan Fard-Esfahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome X ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome ◽  
Mibi Spect
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