Review of Marginal Adaptation and Fracture Resistance of Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturer (CAD‐CAM) Fabricated Endo-crowns

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-208
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alhaddad ◽  
Samar Abuzinadah ◽  
Abdullah Al-Otaibi ◽  
Abrar Alotaibi ◽  
Mohsen Alfkih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
Cause Of Failure

Background: Zirconia-based restorations have become more popular in dentistry during the last two decades. Patients choose metal-free restorations, preferring materials with similar attributes to natural teeth and similar light scattering characteristics, resulting in a nice esthetic appearance. Restoring a root canal treated teeth is one of the hot topics today. endo crown materials can be either; feldspathic, glass-ceramic, monolithic hybrid ceramic or composite material. Considering the marginal gap of endocrown, an important cause of failure of treatment, the current study evaluated the marginal gap of CAD‐CAM concocted endo-crowns. Materials and Methods: This research is an analysis systemic review study was conducted between January 2020 and October 2021. We followed the PRISMA principles and recorded this systematic review using the PROSPERO database to find and identify published literature related to the marginal adaptation of CAD-CAM-fabricated endocrown. The search will include all relevant articles through the end of 2021. Finally, 24 papers on marginal clearance and fracture resistance in coronary arteries were reviewed. Results: The electronic database search yielded 98 studies that were relevant. After cross-referencing, further seven studies were added. After a full-text analysis and duplicate reduction, 74 of the 98 articles were eliminated. 5 clinical (prospective) studies, 19 in vitro studies were found. Conclusion: This analysis of the recent literature on the marginal seating integrity and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM made-up endo-crowns showed that the endo-crown had superior marginal seating integrity than classical full crown. CAM/CAM showed statistically significant higher mean fracture resistance than MAD/MAM.

scholarly journals Fracture Resistance of Partial Indirect Restorations Made With CAD/CAM Technology. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amesti-Garaizabal ◽  
Agustín-Panadero ◽  
Verdejo-Solá ◽  
Fons-Font ◽  
Fernández-Estevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Proximal Box Elevation ◽  
Hybrid Ceramic

Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the fracture resistance and survival rate of partial indirect restorations inlays, onlays, and overlays fabricated using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology from ceramics, composite resin, resin nanoceramic, or hybrid ceramic and to analyze the influence of proximal box elevation on fracture resistance. Materials and methods: This systematic review was based on guidelines proposed by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). An electronic search was conducted in databases US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Embase. In vitro trials published during the last 10 years were included in the review. Results: Applying inclusion criteria based on the review’s population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question, 13 articles were selected. Meta-analysis by restoration type estimated the fracture resistance of inlays to be 1923.45 Newtons (N); of onlays 1644 N and of overlays 1383.6 N. Meta-analysis by restoration material obtained an estimated fracture resistance for ceramic of 1529.5 N, for composite resin of 1600 Ne, for resin nanoceramic 2478.7 N, and hybrid ceramic 2108 N. Conclusions: Resin nanoceramic inlays present significantly higher fracture resistance values. Proximal box elevation does not exert any influence on the fracture resistance of indirect restorations.

Comparison of Marginal Adaptation of Different Resin-Ceramic CAD/CAM Crowns: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 232020682097597
Author(s):  
Ece Irem Oguz ◽  
Mehmet Ali Kılıçarslan ◽  
Merve Erdog˘ Özgür ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
Sohaib Shujaat
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Marginal Discrepancy

Aim: To compare the marginal adaptation of crowns fabricated by using three different resin-ceramic computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials. Materials and Methods: Crowns fabricated from three different resin-ceramic CAD/CAM blocks, applied on a typodont premolar (#14), were tested with regard to marginal adaptation, in this in vitro study. The typodont maxillary first premolar was prepared to serve as the master die and digitized with an intraoral scanner. The same virtual crown design was used to fabricate all specimens. Forty-eight crowns were fabricated from the same virtual crown design using three different CAD/CAM resin-ceramic blocks as follows ( n = 16): Lava Ultimate (LU), GC Cerasmart (GC), Vita Enamic (VE). Master die and crowns were scanned with a laboratory scanner and three-dimensional data were transferred into three-matic software. The software calculated the mean of the marginal discrepancy (MD) for each crown in negative and positive values, representing under and over estimation of the crown margin, respectively. A marginal discrepancy index (MDI) was obtained for each group using negative and positive MDs. All data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significance test ( α = 0.05). Results: The analysis of variance showed no statistical differences between materials regarding the negative and positive MDs ( P > .05). The MDI for LU was lower than GC and VE ( P < .05). Conclusion: The marginal adaptation of different resin-ceramic materials was different with regard to MDI values. Nevertheless, the MD values of all groups were within the clinically acceptable range.

scholarly journals CAD-FEA modeling and fracture resistance of bilayer zirconia crowns manufactured by the rapid layer technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Julia Magalhães Costa Lima ◽  
Anna Karina Figueiredo Costa ◽  
Lilian Costa Anami ◽  
Karina Barbosa Souza ◽  
Nathalia Ramos da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cement Interface ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

Abstract In the RLT (Rapid Layer Technology), veneering ceramic and framework are fabricated by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and then cemented to obtain the restoration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the thickness of veneering ceramic manufactured by the RLT technique on the fracture resistance (FR) of bilayer crowns with zirconia frameworks. Twenty zirconia frameworks and twenty feldspathic posterior crowns with two different veneering ceramic occlusal thicknesses (1mm=TF1; 2mm=TF2) were manufactured using CAD/CAM system. The specimens were luted to an epoxy resin abutment with resin cement and mechanically cycled (200N and 4.5×105 Pa, 37°C, 2×106 cycles, 3Hz). The FR test was performed (10kN, 0.5mm/min), and the specimens were analyzed in a stereomicroscope. For the stress analysis (finite element analysis, FEA), a 10kN load was equal to the in vitro test, and the principal stress was evaluated. The FR data were analyzed by Student’s t-test and Weibull's analysis. The thickness influenced the FR of bilayer crowns. The FR was higher in the TF2 than in the TF1 group. The TF2 group presented the highest characteristic strength compared to the group TF1. The predominant type of failure was delamination. The FEA showed higher stress concentrations below the loading application point at the veneering cement interface in the 1-mm-thick model. The bilayer crowns manufactured using the approach of 2mm of veneering ceramic promoted higher FR compared to the group with 1mm veneering ceramic. Also, the FEA showed that the veneer ceramic thickness has an effect on stress distribution in zirconia-based bilayer crowns.

Effect of Different Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Materials and Thicknesses on the Fracture Resistance of Occlusal Veneers

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Andrade ◽  
D Stona ◽  
HR Bittencourt ◽  
GA Borges ◽  
LH Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

SUMMARY The aim was to evaluate, in vitro, the influence of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials (IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Lava Ultimate) and thicknesses (0.6 mm and 1.5 mm) on the fracture resistance of occlusal veneers. Sixty human third molars were prepared to simulate advanced erosion of the occlusal surface, and the teeth were randomly divided into six experimental groups (n=10) according to the material and thickness used to build the veneers. Ten sound teeth formed the control group. The veneers were adhesively luted and submitted to mechanical cyclic loading (1 million cycles at 200-N load). The fracture resistance test was performed in a universal testing machine. The failures were classified as “reparable” and “irreparable.” According to two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test, the interaction (material × thickness) was significant (p=0.013). The highest fracture resistance was obtained for IPS e.max CAD at a 1.5-mm thickness (4995 N) and was significantly higher compared to the other experimental groups (p&lt;0.05). The lowest fracture resistance was obtained for Vita Enamic at 0.6 mm (2973 N), although this resistance was not significantly different from those for IPS e.max CAD at 0.6 mm (3067 N), Lava Ultimate at 0.6 mm (3384 N), Vita Enamic at 1.5 mm (3540 N), and Lava Ultimate at 1.5 mm (3584 N) (p&gt;0.05). The experimental groups did not differ significantly from the sound teeth (3991 N) (p&gt;0.05). The failures were predominantly repairable. The occlusal veneers of IPS e.max CAD, Vita Enamic, and Lava Ultimate, with thicknesses of 0.6 mm and 1.5 mm, obtained fracture resistances similar to those associated with sound teeth.

scholarly journals Marginal Gap Evaluation of Metal Onlays and Resin Nanoceramic Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Blocks Onlays

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-021
Author(s):  
Nor Faharina Abdul Hamid ◽  
Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar ◽  
Zaihan Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Objective This study was carried out to assess and compare the marginal gap of conventionally used metal onlays and new resin nanoceramic (RNC) (Lava Ultimate block) onlays. Materials and Methods This is an in vitro study using two extracted sound human mandibular molars. One tooth was prepared to receive the metal onlays and another one for the RNC onlays which were fabricated using the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. Twelve metals and 12 ceramic onlays were fabricated before they were placed at their respective preparation and examined under the Leica stereomicroscope, M125C (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) for a marginal analysis. The gap width was measured at 10 predefined landmarks which included 3 points on the buccal and lingual surfaces each and 2 points each on the mesial and distal surfaces, respectively. Statistical Analysis Mann–Whitney post hoc test was used for statistical analysis (P ≤ 0.05). Results Overall, the RNC onlays showed significant lower marginal gap with the exception of the landmarks 5 and 6 (on distolingual) and no significant difference at landmark 7 (on midlingual). It was observed that the marginal gap were all within the clinically acceptable limit of 120 μm. Conclusions Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the RNC CAD/CAM onlays are a promising alternative to the metal onlays.

scholarly journals (In-Vitro Comparison between Closed Versus Open CAD/CAM Systems) Comparison between Closed and Open CAD/CAM Systems by Evaluating the Marginal Fit of Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic Crowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4534
Author(s):  
Gil Ben-Izhack ◽  
Asaf Shely ◽  
Omer Koton ◽  
Avi Meirowitz ◽  
Shifra Levartovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Lithium Silicate ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Cam Systems

Background: This study compared the marginal gap (MG) and absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD) of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) used in open systems (OSs) and closed systems (CSs) for producing monolithic zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic crowns. Methods: 60 ZLS ceramic crowns were cemented to abutment acrylic teeth; thirty crowns were designed and milled by an OS, and thirty by a CS. All crowns were sectioned for evaluating the marginal gap by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). To compare the marginal gap between CS and OS techniques, data were analyzed using the independent-samples Mann–Whitney U Test (α = 0.05). Results: AMD was found to be significantly better for the closed system (p < 0.05). Mean AMD values for the CS were 148 µm, and for the OS it was 196 µm. MG was found to be significantly better for the OS (p < 0.05). Mean MG values for the CS were 55 µm, and for the OS they were 38 µm. Conclusions: The marginal gap in relation to AMD was significantly better for CS. However, the marginal gap in relation to MG was significantly better for OS. Both techniques showed clinically acceptable MG values (<120 µm).

scholarly journals A Comparative In Vitro Study Evaluating the Marginal Adaptation of Zirconium Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture and Press-ceramic Veneers

Folia Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-552
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pecheva ◽  
Kostadin Georgiev ◽  
Snezhana Tsanova ◽  
Ralitsa Raycheva
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Internal Adaptation ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: One method to evaluate the clinical success of cemented restorations is measuring the marginal adaptation. There is a correlation between the fitting of the restoration and problems caused by clinically undetectable passage of bacteria between the tooth structure and the veneer. Aim: To evaluate in comparison the marginal adaptation of veneers produced via CAD/CAM and press technique. Materials and methods: 32 extracted incisors are divided into two equal-number groups (n=16) according to the production technique &ndash; CAD/CAM zirconium veneers and press-ceramic veneers. Cut sections are examined under a SEM magnification. Marginal accuracy is measured as the distance between the finish line of the tooth and the margin of the veneer at eight fixed locations. Results: The mean values of marginal gap of group 1 are: external adaptation &ndash; 79.88&plusmn;3.71 &micro;m; internal adaptation &ndash; 79.14&plusmn;15.70 &micro;m; cervical adaptation &ndash; 82.39&plusmn;28.55 &micro;m; incisal adaptation &ndash; 86.85&plusmn;21.72 &micro;m. The mean values of marginal gap of group 2 are: external adaptation &ndash; 100.31&plusmn;2.16 &micro;m; for internal adaptation &ndash; 101.01&plusmn;12.51 &micro;m; cervical adaptation &ndash; 91.55&plusmn;3.31 &micro;m; incisal adaptation &ndash; 93.76&plusmn;2.54 &micro;m. Conclusions: Veneers produced via CAD/CAM technology have better fit at the external and internal marginal wall. There is no statistically significant difference between the gaps at the cervical and the incisal areas.

scholarly journals Analysis of the marginal adaptation of different crowns fabricated with computer-aided technology using an intraoral digital scanner

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e200537
Author(s):  
Roniel Kapler ◽  
Michelle Villa Oliveira ◽  
Ingrid de Oliveira Bandeira ◽  
Thayara Coelho Metzker ◽  
Adriana Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of ceramic and composite resin crowns fabricated with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology using an intraoral digital scanner. Methods: A human mandibular right second molar was prepared for a ceramic crown. The impressions were made using intraoral scanning device and crowns were milled. Tem crowns were fabricated for each group (n=10): GF – Feldspathic Ceramic (Cerec Blocs, Sirona), GL - Lithium Disilicate Ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar), GG - composite resin (Grandio Blocs, VOCO) and GB - composite resin (Brava Block, FGM). The marginal gap was measured for each specimen at 4 points under magnification with a stereomicroscope. All data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s test (α=.05). Results: The lowest marginal discrepancy value was observed in GB (60.95 ± 13.64 μm), which was statistically different from the GL (84.22 ± 20.86 μm). However, there was no statistically significant difference between these groups when compared with the other groups, GF (73.26 ±8.19 μm) and GG (68.42 ± 11.31 μm). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the composite resin presented the lowest variance compared to the lithium disilicate glass ceramic, although the marginal gap of all materials tested was within the acceptable clinical limit (120 μm).

scholarly journals Marginal and Internal Fit of Ceramic Prostheses Fabricated from Different Chairside CAD/CAM Systems: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Keunbada Son ◽  
Kyu-Bok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Marginal Gap ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Ceramic Crowns ◽  
Internal Fit ◽  
Cam Systems

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate marginal and internal fits of ceramic crowns fabricated with chairside computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. An experimental model based on ISO 12836:2015 was digitally scanned with different intraoral scanners (Omnicam (CEREC), EZIS PO (DDS), and CS3500 (Carestream)). Ceramic crowns were fabricated using the CAD/CAM process recommended by each system (CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream systems; N = 15). The 3-dimensional (3D) marginal and internal fit of each ceramic crown was measured using a 3D inspection software (Geomagic control X). Differences among the systems and various measurements were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Statistically significant differences were validated using pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05). Occlusal gaps in the CEREC, EZIS, and Carestream groups were 113.0, 161.3, and 438.2 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). The axial gaps were 83.4, 78.0, and 107.9 µm, respectively. The marginal gaps were 77.8, 99.3, and 60.6 µm, respectively, and the whole gaps were 85.9, 107.3, and 214.0 µm, respectively. Significant differences were observed with the EZIS system compared with the other two systems in terms of the marginal gap sizes. The CEREC system showed no significant differences among the four measured regions. However, the EZIS and Carestream systems did show a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). All three systems were judged to be capable of fabricating clinically acceptable prostheses, because the marginal gap, which is the most important factor in the marginal fit of prostheses, was recorded to be below 100 µm in all three systems.

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