Abstract
Background: In Japanese society today, many elderly persons with dementia (EPWD) are living at home. This research focused on the family members of EPWD who provide informal care and support. The purpose of this research was (1) to analyse the potential and effectiveness of care provided by the family with the use of the robotic seal PARO, a neurological biofeedback medical device, and (2) to identify and prioritise problems when utilising PARO in the home context. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach involving observational data and interviews. Family members of seven households caring for EPWD were asked to use the seal robot “PARO” as a means to provide care. The family caregivers used PARO at home for more than three times per week, over one to three months. At the initial visit, an individualised purpose of PARO was established. Family members were taught how to operate PARO and how to facilitate PARO use. Research data were collected at initial and subsequent monthly visits, in the form of families’ observational feedback, interviews, and direct assessment of the subjects. Collected data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Five out of the seven elderly persons reacted positively to PARO and achieved their intervention goals. Acceptance of PARO use depended on the positive interaction observed at the initial encounter, which led to continued interest later on. On the other hand, for the subjects where “encouragement was required to trigger interaction” at the initial encounter, their subsequent interest may either increase or decrease. Furthermore, observed activities with PARO use for all families were conversations and physical touch to PARO. Some families facilitated reminiscence and intellectual activities. Conclusions: The study indicated that the effect of PARO application at home is possibly influenced by the participants' initial level of interest towards PARO. It is still crucial to perform careful observation and assessment of the benefit of PARO before adapting the treatment strategy. The families need specific advice from relevant healthcare professionals, such as occupational therapists, to maximise the use of PARO. This implies that effective robotic care at home requires professional support.
Handling of Medical Devices: Reforms and Regulations
