scholarly journals Investigation of Ecosystem Goods and Services Flows from Land: A Commentary on Experience from Watersheds in Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Ali Ariapour ◽  
Victor R. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Ecosystem Goods And Services ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Semi Arid

This paper is about the experience gained in field studies  in four provinces in semi-arid Iran. We focus on assessing the flow of ecological goods and services (EG&S) in uplands that are the watersheds. The paper is in three parts. Firstly, we describe the geography, demography and climate to provide a setting for the work but we also seek to provide an explanation of the context for the case studies that form the bulk of this paper. In the second part we elaborate on the nature of the EG&S and discuss inter alia the use of indicators by which we gauge the flow rates of EG&S from the land and also briefly discuss the implications for introducing payments for ecosystem services (PES). Mention is made of the internationally-funded MENARID (Middle East and North Africa Regional Program for Integrated Development) with a focus on the Sustainable Watershed sub-project. Lessons can be drawn from this internationally sponsored program. The key constraints to identifying, evaluating and ascertaining the rate of flow of EG&S, especially spatial and temporal, are elaborated. Finally, we present data (both quantitative and qualitative) derived from field sites and discuss the observed trends and projected futures. We provide some recommendations for making interventions more effective and operational, via replication and scaling up, across the vast areas of upland.

scholarly journals THE SPECIFICS OF THE COST MEASUREMENT OF THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN DETERMINING THE DAMAGE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-78
Author(s):  
Oksana VEKLYCH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ecosystem Goods And Services ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Cost Measurement ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

The formalization of the economic damage from the deterioration/destruction of ecosystem services is carried out. On this basis, its output component is designated: the indicator of harm to ecosystem goods and services as assets of natural capital. For the first time, meaningful content of economic damage from the loss of ecosystem goods and services is revealed. Its content is based on the cost estimation of the total amount of harm caused to them (1), the volume of relevant public expenditure and financial resources to replace certain types of ecosystem services, which are lost in whole or in part (2), the costs necessary to prevent harm from the negative socioeconomic and environmental consequences of the loss of ecosystem services (3) and the elimination of these losses (4), as well as lost profits from lost opportunities (income) due to degraded ecosystem services and the resulting social costs (5). It is substantiated that in determining the overall rate of economic damage from environmental pollution by the ecosystem objects, its key parameter is exactly the cost measurement of the value of ecosystem services on the basis of an economic assessment of the degradation changes of ecosystem producers. A consistent parameterization of the economic value of ecosystem services is presented and the applied results of cost estimation of ecosystem services are generalized. These results provide reference methodological support for similar evaluation by other developers, in particular, professional appraisers licensed by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine. The author introduces into scientific use the provisions on determining the economic value of ecosystem services and their contribution to well-being, which were set out in the four most important constitutional official documents developed by the United Nations Statistical Commission, FAO, the IMF and the World Bank in 2012-2017. For the first time, the estimated cost of ecosystem services for the Dnipro river Basin within Ukraine, including the Kiev Region, is calculated. A double excess of the value of ecosystem services of Kiev area (as the region of the middle reaches of the Dnipro Basin) over the value of the regional gross product for the same time period was found. The author proves the necessity to take into account the significant contribution of ecosystem services (or, conversely, their losses) to public income in order to create a scientifically plausible basis for making more substantiated and credible practical decisions when forming and implementing the socio-economic and environmental policies.

scholarly journals Who Benefits from National Estuaries? Applying the FEGS Classification System to Identify Ecosystem Services and their Beneficiaries

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Susan Harrell Yee ◽  
Angelica Sullivan ◽  
Kathleen C. Williams ◽  
Kirsten Winters
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Ecosystem Goods And Services ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Estuarine Management ◽  
Estuary Management

In spite of their perceived value, the widespread implementation of ecosystem services assessments has been limited because of perceptions of being too technical, too expensive, or requiring special expertise. For example, federal estuary management programs have widely used ecosystem services concepts to frame management issues and communicate with stakeholders. Yet, indicators assessed, monitored, and reported in estuarine management still have traditionally focused on ecological conditions, with weak connections, if any, to social or economic outcomes. Approaches are needed which expand the range of ecosystem services that can be considered, link ecosystem services explicitly to different stakeholder groups, facilitate effective communication with economists and other social scientists, and expand the array of available valuation techniques. We applied the concept of final ecosystem goods and services to review the broad suite of ecosystem services and their beneficiaries relevant to the management of two federal programs for estuary management, the National Estuary Program (NEP) and the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS). The Final Ecosystem Goods and Services Classification System provided a structured framework for connecting ecosystem services to their beneficiaries and the environments providing them. Document analysis of management plans assessed the degree to which these programs consider ecosystem services, their beneficiaries, and habitats within the estuarine watershed. The hierarchical list of final ecosystem goods and services generated from document analysis serves as a tool for defining management goals, identifying stakeholders, developing meaningful indicators, and conducting valuation studies in estuarine management planning efforts. Though developed here for estuarine management, the keyword hierarchy and final ecosystem goods and services approach have broad applicability and transferability to other environmental management scenarios.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MANGROVE AND ITS ROLE IN THE ECONOMY AND STRATEGY TO CLIMATE CHANGE: CASE STUDY OF CUIARANA, PARÁ, IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Castellón Rodríguez ◽  
Maria Isabel Vitorino ◽  
José Francisco Berrêdo ◽  
Mário Augusto Gonçalves Jardim ◽  
Adriano Marlison Leão de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ecosystem Goods And Services ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Community Assets ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Total Economic Value ◽  
And Storage

ABSTRACT This research aimed to estimate the seasonal economic value of ecosystem goods and services from research on the use of mangroves in the Cuiarana community in the Eastern Amazon. The methodology of Total Economic Value was used, through interviews with 15 residents who extract products from the mangrove. For the ecosystem services, atmospheric carbon (measured by a micrometeorological tower), and organic carbon (monitored by soil sampling during 2017) were used. In determining product values, the quantities extracted at market prices and the value of services were estimated using carbon credits. The results indicate that the ecosystem produces 9 community assets, that generate R$ 75,033.50 (US$ 23,622.93 ha/year) and R$ 17,627.15 (US$ 5,549.58 ha/year) for capture and storage respectively. The VET value corresponded to R$ 986,132.50 (US$ 310,465.79). Ecosystem services and the economic values of atmospheric (p = 0.0278) and soil carbon credit (p = 0.0354) indicated higher importance in the rainy season due to the precipitation that favored an increase in the amount of carbon. This behavior was verified by the Principal Components Analysis (50.1%), which showed that in the less rainy season goods are more important when compared to the ecosystem services.

A systematic review of scientific publications on the effects of payments for ecosystem services in Latin America, 2000–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 101270
Author(s):  
Maria Perevochtchikova ◽  
Ricardo Castro-Díaz ◽  
Alfonso Langle-Flores ◽  
Juan José Von Thaden Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Scientific Publications

Multi-level social-ecological networks in a payments for ecosystem services programme in central Veracruz, Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alfonso Langle-Flores ◽  
Adriana Aguilar Rodríguez ◽  
Humberto Romero-Uribe ◽  
Julia Ros-Cuéllar ◽  
Juan José Von Thaden
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Conservation Activity ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Hydrological Services

Summary Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programmes have been considered an important conservation mechanism to avoid deforestation. These environmental policies act in social and ecological contexts at different spatial scales. We evaluated the social-ecological fit between stakeholders and ecosystem processes in a local PES programme across three levels: social, ecological and social-ecological. We explored collaboration among stakeholders, assessed connectivity between forest units and evaluated conservation activity links between stakeholders and forest units. In addition, to increase programme effectiveness, we classified forest units based on their social and ecological importance. Our main findings suggest that non-governmental organizations occupy brokerage positions between landowners and government in a dense collaboration network. We also found a partial spatial misfit between conservation activity links and the forest units that provide the most hydrological services to Xalapa. We conclude that conservation efforts should be directed towards the middle and high part of the Pixquiac sub-watershed and that the role of non-governmental organizations as mediators should be strengthened to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the local PES programme.

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