scholarly journals NEARSHORE WAVE PREDICTIONS ALONG THE OREGON AND SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON COAST

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Gabriel García-Medina ◽  
H. Tuba Özkan-Haller ◽  
Peter Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
Wave Forecasting ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Observing Systems

A nearshore wave forecasting system was implemented to elevate the ocean information resources in the US Pacific Northwest region. This implementation brings the US State of Oregon and the Southwest region of the state of Washington to the same level of prediction as the neighboring state of California and other regions of the country. It was achieved using the Wavewatch III numerical wave model, which was validated in intermediate to shallow waters. The forecasting system provides data at a 30 arc-second resolution from the shelf break up to a depth of 20 meters. The data is distributed to the public at no cost as part of a greater initiative put together by the Networked Association of Ocean Observing Systems. Information generated by this implementation is presently being used to provide boundary conditions to localized applications in the region as well as to beach users.

scholarly journals An Inner-Shelf Wave Forecasting System for the U.S. Pacific Northwest

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel García-Medina ◽  
H. Tuba Özkan-Haller ◽  
Peter Ruggiero ◽  
Jeffrey Oskamp
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Inner Shelf ◽  
Period Range ◽  
Recreational Beach ◽  
Shelf Wave ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Bulk Parameters ◽  
Wave Forecasting ◽  
The U.S

Abstract An operational inner-shelf wave forecasting system was implemented for the Oregon and southwest Washington coast in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW). High-resolution wave forecasts are useful for navigational planning, identifying wave energy resources, providing information for site-specific coastal flood models, and having an informed recreational beach user group, among other things. This forecasting model is run once a day at 1200 UTC producing 84-h forecasts. A series of nested grids with increasing resolution shoreward are implemented to achieve a 30-arc-second resolution at the shelf level. This resolution is significantly higher than what the current operational models produce, thus improving the ability to quantify the alongshore variations of wave conditions on the PNW coast. Normalized root-mean-squared errors in significant wave height and mean wave period range from 0.13 to 0.24 and from 0.13 to 0.26, respectively. Visualization of the forecasts is made available online and is presently being used by recreational beach users and the scientific community. A series of simulations, taking advantage of having a validated shelf-scale numerical wave model, suggests that neither dissipation due to bottom friction nor wind generation is important in the region at this scale for wave forecasting and hindcasting when considering bulk parameters as opposed to the processes of refraction and shoaling. The Astoria and McArthur Canyons; the Stonewall, Perpetua, and Heceta Banks; and Cape Blanco are significant bathymetric features that are shown to be capable of producing alongshore variability of wave heights on the shelf.

scholarly journals Tagging moisture sources with Lagrangian and inertial tracers: application to intense atmospheric river events

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Pérez-Muñuzuri ◽  
Jorge Eiras-Barca ◽  
Daniel Garaboa-Paz
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Wind Flow ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
Atmospheric River ◽  
Moisture Sources ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes

Abstract. Two Lagrangian tracer tools are evaluated for studies on atmospheric moisture sources and pathways. In these methods, a moisture volume is assigned to each particle, which is then advected by the wind flow. Usual Lagrangian methods consider this volume to remain constant and the particle to follow flow path lines exactly. In a different approach, the initial moisture volume can be considered to depend on time as it is advected by the flow due to thermodynamic processes. In this case, the tracer volume drag must be taken into account. Equations have been implemented and moisture convection was taken into account for both Lagrangian and inertial models. We apply these methods to evaluate the intense atmospheric rivers that devastated (i) the Pacific Northwest region of the US and (ii) the western Iberian Peninsula with flooding rains and intense winds in early November 2006 and 20 May 1994, respectively. We note that the usual Lagrangian method underestimates moisture availability in the continent, while active tracers achieve more realistic results.

The Operational Implementation of a Great Lakes Wave Forecasting System at NOAA/NCEP*

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1473-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Henrique G. M. Alves ◽  
Arun Chawla ◽  
Hendrik L. Tolman ◽  
David Schwab ◽  
Gregory Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Wavewatch Iii ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Wave Forecasting

Abstract The development of a Great Lakes wave forecasting system at NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is described. The system is an implementation of the WAVEWATCH III model, forced with atmospheric data from NCEP’s regional Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model [the North American Mesoscale Model (NAM)] and the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD). Reviews are made of previous Great Lakes wave modeling efforts. The development history of NCEP’s Great Lakes wave forecasting system is presented. A performance assessment is made of model wind speeds, as well as wave heights and periods, relative to National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) measurements. Performance comparisons are made relative to NOAA’s Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) wave prediction system. Results show that 1- and 2-day forecasts from NCEP have good skill in predicting wave heights and periods. NCEP’s system provides a better representation of measured wave periods, relative to the GLERL model in most conditions. Wave heights during storms, however, are consistently underestimated by NCEP’s current operational system, whereas the GLERL model provides close agreement with observations. Research efforts to develop new wave-growth parameterizations and overcome this limitation have led to upgrades to the WAVEWATCH III model, scheduled to become operational at NCEP in 2013. Results are presented from numerical experiments made with the new wave-model physics, showing significant improvements to the skill of NCEP’s Great Lakes wave forecasting system in predicting storm wave heights.

Using Ocean Observing Systems to Promote Lifelong Ocean Education

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Meeson
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Education Workshop ◽  
Education Network ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Ocean Observing Systems ◽  
Observing Systems

The coming ocean observing system provides an unprecedented opportunity to change both the public perception of our ocean, and to inspire, captivate and motivate our children, our young adults and our peers to pursue careers allied with the ocean and to become stewards of our planet's ocean. Within this context educators participating in the Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Networks Workshop (January 2004) and in the Integrated Ocean Observing System-Coastal Ocean Observing System and Education Workshop (March 2004) collectively sought to articulate recommendations for education allied with ocean observing systems (global, coastal, in situ, and remote sensing). At these workshops an education network was initiated and workshop recommendations called for creation of a collaborative framework to support and develop the network. This collaborative framework is to be established from existing education networks, be nationally coordinated through a coordinating center and embedded in a larger geography and Earth and space system science education collaborative. Recommendations address several other topics including identification of thematic areas and classes of education activities, availability of data and learning materials in forms that are useful and usable by educators, creating new learning materials where gaps exist, and ensuring that all citizens, especially those from underserved and underrepresented populations are engaged in ocean careers. Efforts are underway in several of these areas including expansion of the education network and identification of education, training and workforce supply and demand issues.

scholarly journals What Does the Public Believe about Tall Wood Buildings? An Exploratory Study in the US Pacific Northwest

2018 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipiet Larasatie ◽  
Jose E Guerrero ◽  
Kendall Conroy ◽  
Troy E Hall ◽  
Eric Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE US IN FINDING A SOLUTION TO THE CURRENT ANGLOPHONE CRISIS IN CAMEROON

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-94
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Jabea Eluke
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Armed Group ◽  
The Us ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
The Government ◽  
Northwest Region

The Anglophone Crisis is a conflict in the Southern Cameroons region of Cameroon, part of the long-standing Anglophone problem. The purpose of this study is to analyze the origin of the Anglophone problem in Cameroon. Equally, to identify and analyze the causes of the present Anglophone crisis in Cameroon and the rule of the US in finding a solution to the crisis. Research method was based on analyzing policy documents of US, Cameroon and the separatist of the Anglophone regions. Following up latest developments of the crisis was another main method used in the study. In September 2017, separatists in the Anglophone territories of Northwest Region and Southwest Region (collectively known as Southern Cameroons) declared the independence of Ambazonia and began fighting against the Government of Cameroon. Starting as a low-scale insurgency, the conflict spread to most parts of the Anglophone regions within a year. By the summer of 2019, the government controlled the major cities and parts of the countryside, while the separatists held parts of the countryside and regularly appeared in the major cities.The war has killed approximately 3,000 people and forced more than half a million people to flee their homes. Although 2019 has seen the first known instance of dialogue between Cameroon and the separatists, as well as a state-organized national dialogue and the granting of a special status to the Anglophone regions, the war continued to intensify in late 2019. The February 2020 Cameroonian parliamentary election brought further escalation, as the separatists became more assertive while Cameroon deployed additional forces. While the COVID-19 pandemic saw one armed group (SOCADEF) declare a unilateral ceasefire to combat the spread of the virus, other groups and the Cameroonian government ignored calls to follow suit and kept on fighting. With the enormous pressure by the US on the Cameroonian government, the government of Cameroon has not yet heed the call to stop fighting with the rebels of the Anglophone regions.

scholarly journals Building Ocean Collaborations

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
Nicholas Rome ◽  
VADM Jon White (ret.)
Keyword(s):  
Collective Impact ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
International Partnerships ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ocean Observations ◽  
Ocean Observing ◽  
Ocean Observing Systems ◽  
Observing Systems

Abstract Communicating the value of sustained ocean observing systems is urgent and necessary for their implementation, continuity, and expansion; and relies on effective dialogue among users at all levels to build support from policymakers and the public. This Ocean-Shot will build on the outcomes of OceanObs'19 and specifically work to realize the vision articulated in “The Challenge of Sustaining Ocean Observations” (Weller, 2019) and subsequent workshops hosted by the National Academies (2020). It will engage academia, industry, government, and nongovernmental organizations involved with global ocean observing and determine how to improve pathways to policymakers, stakeholders, and the public over the UN Ocean Decade. Key outcomes will include (1) broader understanding of how existing ocean observing science and policy areas intersect nationally and internationally, (2) identification of opportunities to build global support for ocean observing through cross-sector and international partnerships, and (3) determination of actions that the ocean observing community should take to develop a collective impact organization, the Ocean Partnership for Sustained Observations.

Orca

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marine Predator ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Official Records

Since the release of the documentary Blackfish in 2013, millions around the world have focused on the plight of the orca, the most profitable and controversial display animal in history. Yet, until now, no historical account has explained how we came to care about killer whales in the first place. Drawing on interviews, official records, private archives, and his own family history, Jason M. Colby tells the exhilarating and often heartbreaking story of how people came to love the ocean's greatest predator. Historically reviled as dangerous pests, killer whales were dying by the hundreds, even thousands, by the 1950s--the victims of whalers, fishermen, and even the US military. In the Pacific Northwest, fishermen shot them, scientists harpooned them, and the Canadian government mounted a machine gun to eliminate them. But that all changed in 1965, when Seattle entrepreneur Ted Griffin became the first person to swim and perform with a captive killer whale. The show proved wildly popular, and he began capturing and selling others, including Sea World's first Shamu. Over the following decade, live display transformed views of Orcinus orca. The public embraced killer whales as charismatic and friendly, while scientists enjoyed their first access to live orcas. In the Pacific Northwest, these captive encounters reshaped regional values and helped drive environmental activism, including Greenpeace's anti-whaling campaigns. Yet even as Northwesterners taught the world to love whales, they came to oppose their captivity and to fight for the freedom of a marine predator that had become a regional icon. This is the definitive history of how the feared and despised "killer" became the beloved "orca"--and what that has meant for our relationship with the ocean and its creatures.

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