scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS OF BEACH-DUNE MORPHOGOLICAL RESPONSE TO STORM WAVES USING LIDAR BATHYMETRIC MAPPING IN A WAVE BASIN

2018 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ramy Y. Marmoush ◽  
Ryan P. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Sand Beach ◽  
Coastal Morphology ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Storm Waves ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Run Up

Waves during major storms can cause significant changes to coastal morphology (Lee et al., 1998). The beach-dune system is known to be highly vulnerable to erosion when the wave run-up exceeds the threshold of the base of the dune in the collision regime, according to the Storm Impact scale defined by Sallenger (2000). Detailed bathymetric measurements are very difficult to obtain during storms due to the hazardous wave conditions. However, bathymetric surveys can be easily and intermittently performed during smaller scale physical model experiments (e.g., Hamilton et al., 2001) and high resolution can be achieved using laser scanning with Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensors (Smith et al., 2017). In the present study, a laboratory experiment of beach-dune morphology change is conducted in a rectangular wave basin that has recently been used to simulate erosion of a 2-dimensional sand dune (Berard et al., 2017). The objective of the present study is to investigate the 3-dimensional morphologic response of a sand beach-dune system to storm waves approaching at an oblique angle.

3-D Scale Model Study of Wave Run-Up, Overtopping and Damage in a Rubble-Mound Breakwater Subject to Oblique Extreme Wave Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Alfredo Santos ◽  
Francisco Pedro ◽  
Mário Coimbra ◽  
Andrés Figuero ◽  
Conceição Juana E.M. Fortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Wave Steepness ◽  
Extreme Wave ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Wave Basin ◽  
Rubble Mound ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Run Up

A set of scale-model tests carried out to enlarge the range of wave steepness values analysed in run-up, overtopping and armour layer stability studies, focusing on oblique extreme wave conditions and on their effects on a gentler slope breakwater’s trunk armour and roundhead, is presented in this paper. A stretch of a rubble mound breakwater (head and part of the adjoining trunk, with a slope of 1(V):2(H)) was built in a wave basin at the Leibniz University Hannover to assess, under extreme wave conditions (wave steepness of 0.055) with different incident wave angles (from 40º to 90º), the structure behaviour in what concerns wave run-up, wave overtopping and damage progression of the armour layer. Two types of armour elements (rock and Antifer cubes) were tested. Non-intrusive methodologies including a new application of laser scanning technique for the assessment of both armour layer damage and wave run-up and overtopping were used. It is expected that such work will contribute also with data to improve empirical formulas as well as to validate complex numerical model for wave-structure interaction.

3-Dimensional immunolabeling and in situ hybridization detection using fluorescence photooxidation and intermediate-voltage Electron Microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Deerinck ◽  
Maryann E. Martone ◽  
Varda Lev-Ram ◽  
David P. L. Green ◽  
Roger Y. Tsien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Dye ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
New Generation

The confocal laser scanning microscope has become a powerful tool in the study of the 3-dimensional distribution of proteins and specific nucleic acid sequences in cells and tissues. This is also proving to be true for a new generation of high contrast intermediate voltage electron microscopes (IVEM). Until recently, the number of labeling techniques that could be employed to allow examination of the same sample with both confocal and IVEM was rather limited. One method that can be used to take full advantage of these two technologies is fluorescence photooxidation. Specimens are labeled by a fluorescent dye and viewed with confocal microscopy followed by fluorescence photooxidation of diaminobenzidine (DAB). In this technique, a fluorescent dye is used to photooxidize DAB into an osmiophilic reaction product that can be subsequently visualized with the electron microscope. The precise reaction mechanism by which the photooxidation occurs is not known but evidence suggests that the radiationless transfer of energy from the excited-state dye molecule undergoing the phenomenon of intersystem crossing leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen. It is this reactive oxygen that is likely crucial in the photooxidation of DAB.

scholarly journals Coastal sand dune vegetation of Velika plaža (Montenegro)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Stešević ◽  
Filip Küzmič ◽  
Đorđije Milanović ◽  
Milica Stanišić-Vujačić ◽  
Urban Šilc
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dune Vegetation ◽  
Sand Beach ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Sand Dune Vegetation ◽  
Phytosociological Study

Velika plaža (Ulcinj, Montenegro) is the largest sandy beach along the coast of the eastern Adriatic that still has well-developed sand-dune vegetation. Although the characterization of the flora and vegetation of Velika plaža has been addressed by many authors, knowledge on its vegetation remained poor. We made a phytosociological study of sand beach vegetation comprising both dunal and wetland areas to provide a comprehensive survey of sand dune vegetation and habitat typology of Velika plaža. Based on 149 relevés (both from literature and recent field work), and with numerical classification (Flexible beta) and ordination (Non-metric multidimensional scaling) our results show that the vegetation of Velika plaža is much more diverse than previously known. Altogether, 19 plant communities from 6 vegetation classes were identified. Among them we described two new associations: Cuscuto cesatianae-Phyletum nodiflorae and Onobrychido caput-galli-Vulpietum fasciculatae.

Vegetation of a coastal sand dune system in southern New Zealand

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin T. Sykes ◽  
J. Bastow Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Coastal Sand Dune ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Coastal Sand

An analysis of the chalcidoid (Hymenoptera) fauna of a sand-dune system

1977 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. W. COPLAND ◽  
R. R. ASKEW
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Dune System

The Vegetation of a Sand-Dune System in the Outer Hebrides

1948 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Gimingham ◽  
A. R. Gemmell ◽  
P. Greig-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Outer Hebrides

scholarly journals Statistics of Simulated Storm Waves over Bathymetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Arnida Lailatul Latifah ◽  
Durra Handri ◽  
Ayu Shabrina ◽  
Henokh Hariyanto ◽  
E. van Groesen
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Extreme Waves ◽  
Marine Structures ◽  
Wave Statistics ◽  
Storm Waves ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper shows simulations of high waves over different bathymetries to collect statistical information, particularly kurtosis and crest exceedance, that quantifies the occurrence of exceptionally extreme waves. This knowledge is especially pertinent for the design and operation of marine structures, safe ship trafficking, and mooring strategies for ships near the coast. Taking advantage of the flexibility to perform numerical simulations with HAWASSI software, with the aim of investigating the physical and statistical properties for these cases, this paper investigates the change in wave statistics related to changes in depth, breaking and differences between long- and short-crested waves. Three different types of bathymetry are considered: run-up to the coast with slope 1/20, waves over a shoal, and deep open-water waves. Simulations show good agreement in the examined cases compared with the available experimental data and simulations. Then predictive simulations for cases with a higher significant wave height illustrate the changes that may occur during storm events.

Coastal Observations: Rapid development and colonization of a UK sand dune system

Shore & Beach ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
A.T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Dune Systems ◽  
Frontal Part ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
South Wales

Between the years 1200 and 1600, vast quantities of sand were brought inshore from offshore bars as a result of centuries of ferocious storms, to form a series of dune systems along the South Wales coastline. Today, as a result of many housing, leisure, and industrial developments only a few remnants exist. On one such remnant at Porthcawl, Wales, UK, became a caravan site in the 1930s, which was abandoned in 1993 for political reasons. Within 27 years a minimum of 120,000 m3 of sand was transported from the adjacent beach and formed dunes >4 m in height along a 400- m frontal edge that extended some 130 m inland, approximately a third of the site. Typical vegetation found along the frontal part of the system are Ammophila arenaria (marram), Agropyron junceiforme (sand couch grass) and Euphorbia maritimum (spurge). To the rear of the system, vegetation included Agrostis tenuis and stolonifera, (bent and creeping bent grass), Cirsium avense (creeping thistle), and Caluna vulgaris (heather). A 4-m-high and c. 3000m2 area of a vigorous stand of Hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) has also formed. The rapidity of dune formation and vegetation colonization is staggering.

A 3-Dimensional Model of the Human Round Window Membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 103S-110S
Author(s):  
Yasuya Nomura ◽  
Toru Tanaka ◽  
Hitome Kobayashi ◽  
Yurika Kimura ◽  
Yurie Soejima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Round Window Membrane ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
3 Dimensional

Objectives: The round window membrane (RWM) is small in size, making it difficult to clarify its shape and structure. The authors examined a 40x magnified 3-dimensional model of the human RWM to clarify its morphologic aspects and characteristics. Methods: An RWM specimen was obtained from an archival, formalin-fixed, decalcified, left temporal bone of an 84-year-old female cadaver. The data obtained by laser scanning microscopy were input into a 3-dimensional printer. After a model of the RWM was created, the following features were examined: striae on the surfaces, curvatures, thickness, and areas. Cross sections of the original specimen were made for histological observations. Results: The contour of this RWM model was approximately elliptic, with a saddle shape. When illuminated from the scala tympani side, the surface facing the fossula exhibited dark anterior and clear posterior portions. A borderline appeared where the 2 portions were bound along the short axis of the ellipse. This borderline was identified as the line of inflection. Collagen fibers were shown to run parallel to the borderline in the posterior portion but were fanned out in the anterior portion. Conclusions: The magnified 3-dimensional model clarified gross anatomy and characteristics of the RWM. It is good teaching material for small tissues, such as the RWM.

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