scholarly journals Seasonal Effect on Milk Composition, Somatic Cell Content and Milk Coagulation Properties of Italian Holstein-Friesian Cows

2019 ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Beux, Simone ◽  
Cassandro Martino ◽  
Lima Vanderlei Aparecido de ◽  
Zielinski Acácio Antonio Ferreira, Nogueira Alessandro ◽  
Waszczynskyj Nina
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Coagulation ◽  
Friesian Cows

This study investigated the seasonal effect on composition, somatic cell content and coagulation properties of bovine milk during two different periods of the year (summer and autumn). 592 samples of raw milk from Italian Holstein-Friesian cows from different locations in the Veneto region, Italy, were collected. The samples were submitted to the following analyses: fat, protein, casein and lactose percentages and pH by infrared spectroscopy; somatic cell counting by optical fluorescence and milk coagulation properties expressed in rennet coagulation time (RCT, min) and curd firmness or consistency 30 minutes after the addition of rennet (a30, mm) by lactodinamography. The index of the aptitude of milk to coagulate (IAC) was also determined from the lactodinamographic parameters that were obtained. To verify the environmental conditions, the temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated for each collection period. No significant difference (p <0.05) was observed between protein, casein, lactose and pH in the samples collected in the summer and the autumn. However, the results for somatic cells, RCT, a30 and IAC were significantly different, with lower results in the summer. Over all the total samples analysed, 41.2% showed a milk that did not coagulate in the 30 minutes, with a higher percentage for samples collected in the summer and during this period presented lower results to of RCT, a30 and IAC; the THI values, as expected, were higher in the summer than in the autumn. The THI presented statistically different means (p <0.05), which were 73.24 in the summer and 57.43 in the autumn. Milk with this characteristic is not suitable for cheese production; however, it is suitable to produce fluid milk, or for other derivatives where enzymatic coagulation is not part of the process.

Preparation and Use of Somatic Cell Count Samples (SCCS) for Comparison of Milk Somatic Cell Counting Methods

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. LINTNER ◽  
A. L. LANGE ◽  
C. W. HEALD ◽  
R. J. EBERHART
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Coulter Counter ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Before And After

Somatic cell count samples (SCCS) for use in comparison of milk somatic cell counting methods were prepared from the cell sediment deposited in a creamery milk separator. Bovine milk somatic cells were resuspended from the sediment, and serial cell dilutions were prepared in bronopol-preserved milk diluent. Over a 1-year period, sets of SCCS were prepared each month and sent to milk-testing laboratories in the U.S.A., Canada and Europe, and counted by the methods in use at those Laboratories: (a) direct microscopic somatic cell count (DMSCC), (b) Fossomatic counter and (c) Coulter counter. Cell counts were normalized to eliminate the effect of month to month variation in the cell content of the SCCS. Counts obtained by the three methods were similar, although Coulter counter results tended to be lower, and significantly lower (P&lt; 0.05) in SCCS with cell counts greater than 700,000 cells/ml than those counts by the other two methods. The effect of shipping on SCCS stability was assessed for SCCS samples sent to and returned from other laboratories, and counted by the Fossomatic method on their return. Counts were similar before and after shipping, except that results for SCCS with cell counts greater than 1,000,000 cells/ml were significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) after their return.

scholarly journals L-selectin gene polymorphism and its association with clinical mastitis, somatic cell score, and milk production in Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dusza ◽  
J. Pokorska ◽  
J. Makulska ◽  
D. Kulaj ◽  
M. Cupial
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Bovine mastitis is a widespread disease of the mammary gland, highly contributing to the increase in veterinary costs in dairy industry. In the present study, the genetic polymorphism within bovine L-selectin gene was analysed and its impact on clinical mastitis occurrence, somatic cell score (SCS), and milk production traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows was examined. Polymorphism within L-selectin gene, molecule responsible for neutrophil attachment to endothelium, might have a potential role in immune response to bacterial infections and udder health. Two hundred and six Polish Holstein-Friesian cows were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms mutations within the coding sequence of L-selectin gene were identified (c.165G&gt;A and c.567C&gt;T). The effect of c.165G&gt;A and c.567C&gt;T mutations on SCS was highly significant (P = 0.0019 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Strong associations (P ≤ 0.0001) were also observed between L-selectin polymorphism and milk production traits (milk yield, milk fat percentage, and milk protein percentage). However, the polymorphism in the analysed gene had no influence on the resistance or susceptibility of cows to clinical mastitis (only the tendency toward significance, P = 0.06 for c.567C&gt;T mutation was found). Potential exploitation of the information on the identified associations in genetic selection needs to confirm the obtained results in further investigations.

HERITABILITIES OF TEAT CONFORMATION TRAITS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH SOMATIC CELL COUNTS IN HOLSTEINS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN HIGGINS ◽  
R. K. MOORE ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Friesian Cows

Teat conformation characteristics were measured on 402 Holstein-Friesian cows in 18 dairy herds in western Quebec and eastern Ontario. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of heridity on teat conformation traits as well as to examine phenotypic relationships between the traits and somatic cell count as a measure of udder health. Maximum likelihood estimates of heritabilities of teat conformation traits and cell count, transformed to a log scale, were low; usually less than 0.10. Exceptions were length of front teat (h2 = 0.44) and distance of udder to the floor (h2 = 0.41). Significantly higher cell counts were associated with teats that were long, wide, not plumb and bottle (as opposed to cylindrical or funnel) shaped. The most highly correlated trait with cell count was distance of udder to the floor (r = − 0.24). However, many of the significant gross relationships observed were jointly related with age of cow, and when the effects of age of cow at calving, stage of lactation and herd were removed, only length of rear teat and front and rear teat medial diameters had significant influences on cell count.

Enzymic methods for estimation of the somatic cell count in bovine milk: 1. Development of assay techniques and a study of their usefulness in evaluating the somatic cell content of milk

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Incubation Periods

SummaryAssay procedures were developed for a number of enzymes in milk which apparently originate from leucocytes. The enzymes studied were acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, arylsulphatase, α-mannosidase, and catalase. Quarter-milk samples were analysed for enzyme activity and results compared with the electronic cell count and the Wisconsin Mastitis Test. All enzymes measured except acid phosphatase and α-mannosidase showed good correlation with the electronic cell count. Of the other 4 enzymes tested, β-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase were unsuitable as diagnostic aids owing to the lengthy incubation periods required in their assay procedures. The assay of catalase, which involved the measurement of the initial rate of release of O2 using an O2 analyser apparatus, was rapid, sensitive and reasonably reliable, if fresh milk samples were used. The assay procedure for N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase was considered to be the most reliable, simple and rapid enzymic method for estimating the number of somatic cells in milk.

scholarly journals The role of type traits of dairy cattles in long productive life

2006 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Attila Berta ◽  
Béla Béri
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Reproduction Biology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Friesian Cows

In the last few decades, a new intensive milking stock has developed as a result of breed-converter crossing in Hungary. Additionally, the reproduction biology of the population was adversely affected by keeping and feeding technologies. Productive lifetime has shortened and the service period has lengthened. However, profitable milk production requires cows with longer productive lives and larger life-time productions. In our study, we made a comparison between production, culling causes, and type traits of culled Holstein Friesian cows after first calving and of cows with a minimum of eight lactations. We established that the first lactation production of cows with longer productive lives was more or less homogeneous. Disease of metabolism as well as digestive and respiratory problems, were the main causes of the culling of cows with short productive lives, and reproduction and udder problems as well as low production, were the main causes of the culling of cows with long productive lives. We found a significant difference in the distributions of strength, body depth, dairy form, croup width, rear leg side view, foot angle, fore udder attachment and teat placement between the two groups. Furthermore, we established that cows with lower stature, less strength, a somewhat deeper body, better dairy form, narrower croup width, smaller foot angle, looser fore udder attachment and some outside teat placement had longer productive lives.

scholarly journals Analysis of the relationship between somatic cell count and fertility in Holstein-Friesian cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Weronika Kulpa ◽  
◽  
Anna Sawa ◽  
Małgorzata Jankowska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Friesian Cows

scholarly journals The effect of breed and stage of lactation on the microbiological status of raw milk

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Flóra Mária Petróczki ◽  
Tema Andualem Tonamo ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
Ferenc Peles
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

The microbiological quality of the milk is important not only for food safety, but it can also influence the quality of dairy products. The microbiological status of raw cow milk can be influenced by many factors. Our aim was to determine whether there was a difference between the microbiological quality of milk of two different cow breeds (Holstein Friesian and Jersey) kept and milked in the same conditions, and how the microbiological quality of the raw cow milk changed during lactation (beginning, mid, and end). Samples were taken and analysed in July, August and September in 2018 from two dairy farms in Hajdú-Bihar county. During the conducted studies, the total plate count (TPC), the coliform count, the Staphylococcus aureus count and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) count of raw milk samples were determined. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the milk of the Holstein Friesian and Jersey breeds in the case of TPC. However, the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Jersey cows. S. aureus was detected in one of the twelve milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and in two of the eleven milk samples taken from Jersey cows. CNS was found in larger amount in milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Both TPC and CNS count were significantly higher (P<0.05) in individual milk samples taken at the end stage of lactation, than in samples taken in the earlier stages of lactation from Farm “A”. However, in the case of Farm “B”, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in colony counts at different stages of lactation. S. aureus was only present in milk samples that collected from cows, which were at the beginning and middle stages of lactation. Testimg the hemolysin production ability of S. aureus strains isolated from the raw milk samples, only weak hemolysis was observed on blood agar. In case of antibiotic resistance testing, it was found that all strains were susceptible to cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Based on the results of our studies, staphylococci were detected in a higher amount in the milk of Holstein Friesian cows, and coliform bacteria were detected in a higher number in the milk of Jersey cows. Summing up the results of the milk samples taken from the different stages of lactation in one of the farms, it can be concluded that higher TPC and CNS count could be detected at the end stage of lactation than in the samples taken from the earlier stages of lactation. The fact that at the end of lactation the microorganisms could be detected in a higher colony count may be related to the fact that teats could be damaged during lactation by the milking machine, which increased the chance of imvading the microorganisms into the udder.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOMATIC CELL COUNT AND ZINC BLOOD SERUM CONCENTRATION IN DAIRY COWS

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Ivana Davidov ◽  
Miodrag Radinović ◽  
Mihajlo Erdeljan ◽  
Ivan Stančić ◽  
Dragica Stojanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Friesian Cows

The study was conducted on 15 Holstein-Friesian cows aged between 3 and 5 years kept in the free grazing conditions in summer. The samples of milk were taken twice a year for monitoring subclinical mastitis. In addition to milk samples, the blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of zinc in serum. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis in high yielding cows was estimated based on the values of zinc concentration in blood serum and somatic cells of milk. By analyzing the samples of blood serum, a variation in the concentration of zinc in blood serum was noted depending on the season. Somatic cell count in the spring and autumn period in average was over 400.000/ml milk. Based on statistical analysis, the correlation test, it was concluded that the concentration of zinc in blood serum of cows in the experimental group had no significant effect on the somatic cells count in milk.

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