scholarly journals Samarium Promoted Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts for Syngas Production from Glycerol Pyrolys

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Nasir Nor Shahirah ◽  
Bamidele V. Ayodele ◽  
Jolius Gimbun ◽  
Chin Kui Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ni Catalyst ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Product Ratio ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area

<p>The current paper reports on the kinetics of glycerol reforming over the alumina-supported Ni catalyst that was promoted with rare earth elements. The catalysts were synthesized via wet impregnation method with formulations of 3 wt% Sm-20 wt% Ni/77 wt% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The characterizations of all the as-synthesized catalysts were carried out, viz.  BET specific surface area measurements, thermogravimetri analysis for temperature-programmed calcination studies, FESEM for surface imaging, XRD to obtain diffraction patterns, XRF for elemental analysis, etc.. Reaction studies were performed in a stainless steel fixed bed reactor with reaction temperatures set at 973, 1023 and 1073 K employing weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 4.5×10<sup>4</sup> mL g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. Agilent GC with TCD capillary column was used to analyze gas compositions. Results gathered showed that the BET specific surface area was 2.09 m<sup>2</sup>.g<sup>-1</sup> for the unpromoted Ni catalyst while for the promoted catalysts, was 2.68 m<sup>2</sup>.g<sup>-1</sup>. Significantly, the BET results were supported by the FESEM images which showed promoted catalysts exhibit smaller particle size compared to the unpromoted catalyst. It can be deduced that the promoter can increase metal dispersion on alumina support, hence decreasing the size of particles. The TGA analysis consistently showed four peaks which represent water removal at temperature 373-463 K, followed by decomposition of nickel nitrate to produce nickel oxide. From reaction results for Sm promotion showed glycerol conversion, X<sub>G</sub> of 27% which was 7% higher than unpromoted catalyst. The syngas productions were produced from glycerol decomposition and created H<sub>2</sub>:CO product ratio which always lower than 2.0. The H<sub>2</sub>:CO product ratio of 3 wt% Sm promoted Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst was 1.70 at reaction temperature of 973 K and glycerol partial pressure of 18 kPa and suitable enough for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.  Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 22<sup>nd</sup> January 2016; Revised: 1<sup>st</sup> February 2016; Accepted: 17<sup>th</sup> February 2016</em></p><strong>How to Cite:</strong> Shahirah, M.N.N., Ayodele, B.V., Gimbun, J., Cheng, C.K. (2016). Samarium Promoted Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalysts for Syngas Production from Glycerol Pyrolysis. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis</em>, 11 (2): 238-244 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.2.555.238-244)<p><strong>Permalink/DOI:</strong> http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.2.555.238-244</p>

scholarly journals Use of Ash from Sewage Sludge in the Preparation of Desulfurant Sorbents

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Fernández Ferreras ◽  
Hipolito García Posadas ◽  
Jose Luis Rico Gutierrez ◽  
Josefina Renedo Omaechevarría
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Two Temperatures

This work aims to develop new uses for sewage sludge, which is a byproduct of municipal wastewater treatment plants, by examining the calcination of this waste, the characterization of ashes is obtained, and its use to prepare desulfurant sorbents. Samples of sewage sludge were obtained from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant. This plant applies a pre-treatment followed by a biological treatment, where anaerobic digestion and centrifugation reduces the sludge. Three samples were characterized (in humidity, volatile and fixed solids content), dried, and ignited at two temperatures, 550 and 750°C. The composition of the ash obtained at both ignition temperatures was studied by x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy and the BET specific surface area of the two ashes and of the prepared sorbents was measured. Ash composition was similar for the two temperatures tested, where the components were Si, Ca, Al, Fe, P, S, Mg, K, Cl, Zn and Ti. BET specific surface area values indicate that the lower temperature of calcination produces ash with the highest SSA values (18 m2/g against near 10 m2/g). Preparation of desulfurant sorbents was carried out by mixing the ash with CaO or Ca(OH)2 at room temperature and different experimental conditions. The BET SSA of the prepared desulfurant sorbents showed higher values for the sorbents prepared with the ashes obtained at the lowest temperature. The behaviour of the ash and the prepared sorbents was tested in a fixed bed reactor at 58°C with a flue gas containing 5000 ppm of SO2 with a relative humidity of 55%. Results in the desulfurization process show that the calcium from the sludge seems more efficient than the calcium added as CaO or Ca(OH)2 to prepare the sorbents.

Microstructural and porosimetry analysis of Ag-TiO2intercalated kaolin and diatomite as nanocomposite ceramic materials

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ajenifuja ◽  
Abimbola P.I. Popoola ◽  
Kabir O. Oyedotun ◽  
Olawale Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Mineral Particle ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sintered Ceramic ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Bet Analysis

ABSTRACTKaolin and diatomite are abundant and widely available geological materials that may immobilize or stabilize functional chemical species on their surfaces for various applications. Acid-treated kaolin and diatomite were intercalated with photocatalyst Ag-TiO2nanoparticles using the sol–gel technique to prepare nanocomposite ceramic materials. The nanocomposites were sintered between 900°C and 1000°C to induce thermal reactions and to enhance nanoparticle–substrate attachment. Chemical and thermal characterizations of the acid-treated materials and intercalated nanocomposites were performed with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)-specific surface area and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed for physical and microstructural characterization of the nanocomposites, respectively. Morphological studies revealed a uniform distribution of Ag-TiO2nanocrystallites in pores and on mineral particle surfaces. The BET analysis showed remarkable surface and grain modification by sintering. Decreases in the BET-specific surface area were observed for the sintered ceramic nanocomposite, Ag-TiO2-kaolin (20.244 to 5.446 m2/g) and Ag-TiO2-diatomite (19.582 to 10.148 m2/g).

Preparation and Characterization of the Typical Pt-NSR Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
pp. 365-369
Author(s):  
Yuan Feng Huang ◽  
Wei Jun Zhang ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Jin Hu ◽  
Zhuo Heng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Temperature Programmed Reduction ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Co Precipitation

A series of Ba-Al-O NSR supports and Pt/Ba-Al-O NSR catalysts are prepared by co-precipitation and impregnation method in this work. The catalyst and the support are characterized by XRD, SEM, SBET performance testing. The structure and texture of the supports is observed and discussed. The results of SBET indicate that the supports possess relative high specific surface area (94~110 m2/g). Temperature programmed reduction is characterized by means of H2-TPR.

Preparation, Characterization and Visible-Light Photocatalytic Properties of BiOCl/BiOI Nanocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 586 ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Jin Huang ◽  
Hou Guang Liu ◽  
Fang Li Yuan ◽  
Chang Sheng Xie
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Photocatalytic Properties ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic

BiOCl/BiOI nanocomposites were synthesized using a thermal impregnation method for the first time. The intense visible-light absorption and large specific surface area gave 4wt.％BiOCl/BiOI nanocomposites the best visible-light photocatalytic properties among all the catalysts for the photodegradation of methyl orange,about 78％ after 2 h. But decreased activities were obtained with the increase of BiOCl content in the nanocomposites. Considering the light absorption,specific surface area and the quantum efficiency, the high recombination of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs of the catalysts that lowed the quantum efficiency was believed to be the critical factor for their decreased photocatalytic activities.

N2-BET specific surface area of bentonites

2010 ◽  
Vol 349 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaufhold ◽  
R. Dohrmann ◽  
M. Klinkenberg ◽  
S. Siegesmund ◽  
K. Ufer
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area

Synthesis of Mesoporous Zr-P-Al Materials with High BET Specific Surface Area without Calcination

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2094-2101
Author(s):  
Zi Yu Liu ◽  
Yue Qi ◽  
Ying Xu Wei ◽  
Zong Bin Wu ◽  
Zhong Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Long Range Order ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Concentration

A mesostructured zirconium oxide was synthesized hydrothermally using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure-directing agent and ZrSO4. 4H2O as the reactant. Subsequent post-synthetic treatment with H3PO4followed by the treatment with AlCl3solutions resulted in mesoporous Zr-P-Al materials, which exhibited high BET specific surface area before calcination. The phosphoric acid concentrationaffected the textual data of the resulting Zr-P and Zr-P-Al materials greatly. 0.1-0.5 M H3PO4increased obviously the long-range order of the as-synthesized Zr-P materials while 0.76 M H3PO4decreased it. After calcination at 773 K, the Zr-P materials turned to nonporous materials except the one synthesized by 0.5 M H3PO4, which showed micropores with a BET specific surface area of 147 m2/g. Further treating the Zr-P materials (synthesized from different concentration of phosphoric acid) with the same amount of AlCl3solution resulted in mesoporous Zr-P-Al materials, but the long-range order of which decreased when the H3PO4concentration increased. Similarly, the BET specific surface area of the above-mentioned Zr-P-Al materials decreased from 462 m2/g for 0.25 M H3PO4to 394 m2/g for 0.5 M H3PO4and finally to 332 m2/g for 0.76 M H3PO4after calcination at 773 K, while the pore size increased gradually from 3.0 to 3.5 nm. It was found that about 90% of the CTAB had been removed during the AlCl3treatment and that the as-synthesized Zr-P-Al materials exhibited high BET specific surface area as well as mesopores. The AlCl3amount is another factor affecting the textual data of the uncalcined Zr-P-Al materials besides the H3PO4concentration. With the phosphoric acid concentration of 0.25 M, the BET specific surface area of the as-synthesized Zr-P-Al materials increased from 477 m2/g to as high as 734 m2/g with the increasing AlCl3amount before it decreased from then on.

Effect of manganese on the thermostability and reducibility of cobalt nanomaterials.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Lendzion-Bieluń
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Small Addition ◽  
Impregnation Method

ABSTRACTCobalt nanomaterials with promoters have been prepared by precipitation followed by calcination and impregnation method. The obtained materials are characterized by ICP, H2-TPR, BET and XRD. A small addition of manganese increases the specific surface area of cobalt nanomaterials and thermostability under reduction atmosphere. Bulk Co3O4 has been reduced in two steps (Co3+→Co2+→Co). A small addition of manganese to the cobalt oxide shifts the reduction peaks to high temperatures.

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