Performance Analysis of Smoke Control Systems for Elevators based on Pressurization Method

The pressurization of emergency or evacuation elevator shafts or duct systems during installation is used for smoke control. In this study, the performance of smoke control systems applied to emergency and evacuation elevators were compared and analyzed using the airflow network analysis program CONTAM 3.2. Under the stack effect condition (temperature difference of 30 ℃), the differential pressure formed in the vestibule was analyzed by adjusting the air volume by changing the value of the loss coefficient factor of the automatic pressure smoke damper. In the case of the duct pressurization method, the air flow in the lower floor was introduced to the elevator shaft owing to the duct pressure and the airflow in the upper floors was from the elevator shaft out to the elevator lobby. In the case of the elevator shaft pressurization method, the pressurized air passing through vestibule from the elevator shaft created a differential pressure at the fire door of vestibule. To maintain the differential pressure in the lower floor, relatively more relief dampers should be installed in the upper floors as compared to those in the duct pressurization method.

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Performance Improvement of Smoke-Control System Using CONTAMW

Fire Science and Engineering ◽

10.7731/kifse.303bfbc8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Bu-Gon Kim ◽

Ki-Ok Choi ◽

Don-Mook Choi

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Numerical Analysis ◽

Performance Improvement ◽

Negative Pressure ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Air Pressure ◽

Analysis Program ◽

Smoke Control ◽

Smoke Control System ◽

Fire Door

In the event of a fire in a building equipped with air-pressure smoke-control equipment, if the smoke-control system is operated with a closed fire door, then the smoke discharge results in difficulty in opening the door. In this study, an optimal solution was devised to solve the problem of negative pressure generation in building corridors, and the proposed solution was verified using CONTAMW, a numerical analysis program for smoke-retardant facilities. Thus, it was confirmed that negative pressure in a corridor could be resolved by installing flap and automotive pressure dampers between the corridor and annex.

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Development of Mathematical Models of the Transformation Function of a Quasi-differential Pressure Sensor of Automation and Control Systems

10.1109/summa53307.2021.9632117 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

P. G. Mikhailov

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Control Systems ◽

Pressure Sensor ◽

Transformation Function ◽

Differential Pressure ◽

Automation And Control ◽

Differential Pressure Sensor ◽

And Control

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Communication Network Analysis of Project Teams in Korean Building Constructions

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2338 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 357-360 ◽

pp. 2338-2341 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jae Yeob Kim ◽

Sang Tae No ◽

Yong Kyu Park

Keyword(s):

Communication Network ◽

Social Network ◽

Social Network Analysis ◽

Network Analysis ◽

Construction Project ◽

Project Teams ◽

Degree Centrality ◽

Analysis Program ◽

Team Members ◽

Communication Frequency

This study used social network analysis (SNA) in order to analyze communication relationship between project team members in typical cases of Korean building constructions. Data was collected by conducting a survey from key members of construction project teams. We analyzed and digitized degree centrality by using Netminer, a SNA analysis program. According to the result of analysis in communication frequency, intermediate managers such as construction deputy managers were shown the highest and architectural designers were shown the lowest. With respect to communication credibility, construction managers were shown the highest and architectural designers were shown to be low. We discovered that intermediate managers and construction managers of the construction teams play important role in the communication of project teams.

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Gas characteristics and effectiveness of smoke control systems in elevator lobbies during elevator evacuation in a high-rise building fire

Combustion Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/00102202.2018.1445087 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 190 (7) ◽

pp. 1232-1245 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yanqiu Chen ◽

Junmin Chen ◽

Zhijian Fu ◽

Shu-Dong Jiang ◽

Longfei Chen

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Smoke Control ◽

Building Fire ◽

High Rise ◽

High Rise Building ◽

Elevator Evacuation

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Automatic Aircraft Cabin Pressurization Systems

Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions Маchine Building ◽

10.18698/0536-1044-2019-9-20-25 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Z.S. Sukhov ◽

G.A. Timofeev

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Pid Controller ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Adaptive Controller ◽

Testing Environment ◽

Fuzzy Pid Controller ◽

New Methods ◽

Automatic Pressure ◽

L1 Adaptive Controller ◽

The Cost

This article presents a review of pneumatic, electro-pneumatic and digital systems for automatic pressure control in an airtight cabin and lists the types of aircraft where such systems are installed. Advanced algorithms for controlling the pressure in an airtight cabin are analyzed and literature on this topic is surveyed. The work of a Russian author that describes optimal control based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle is examined. The works of foreign authors on fuzzy PID-controller, L1-adaptive controller and other methods of adaptive pressurization are analyzed and brief results of these works are presented. The performed analysis indicates the need to use new methods and approaches to the synthesis of automatic pressure control systems for various types of aircraft. One of the most promising solutions is the use of adaptive regulators. The relevance of developing a virtual testing environment to reduce the cost of full-scale testing is shown.

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Numerical analysis of combined buoyancy-induced and pressure-driven smoke flow in complex vertical shafts during building fires

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat &amp Fluid Flow ◽

10.1108/hff-11-2014-0355 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1684-1698 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yanqiu Chen ◽

Xiaodong Zhou ◽

Taolin Zhang ◽

Zhijian Fu ◽

Yuqi Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Source ◽

Control Systems ◽

Systems Design ◽

Research Approach ◽

Smoke Control ◽

Building Fires ◽

Content Type ◽

Smoke Flow ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pressure Driven

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of smoke flow in building fires and optimize the design of smoke control systems. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 435 3-D fire simulations were conducted through NIST fire dynamics simulator to analyze thermal behavior of combined buoyancy-induced and pressure-driven smoke flow in complex vertical shafts, under consideration of influence of heat release rate (HRR) and locations of heat sources. This influence was evaluated through neutral pressure plane (NPP), which is a critical plane depicting the flow velocity distributions. Hot smoke flows out of shafts beyond the NPP and cold air flows into shafts below the NPP. Findings – Numerical simulation results show that HRR of heat source has little influence on NPP, while location of heat source can make a significant difference to NPP, particularly in cases of multi-heat source. Identifying the location of NPP helps to develop a more effective way to control the smoke with less energy consumption. Through putting an emphasis on smoke exhausting beyond the NPP and air supplying below the NPP, the smoke control systems can make the best use of energy. Research limitations/implications – Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may need to be tested by further experiments. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for the optimization of smoke control systems design in buildings. Originality/value – This paper fulfills an identified need to research the behavior of hot smoke in building fires and optimize the design of smoke control systems.

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