An Efficient and Easy Micro-propagation of Reseda Lutea (Resedaceae) a Rare and Medicinally Valuable Plant of Saudi Arabia

The goal of this work was to look at the propagation of Reseda lutea L. by organogenesis in tissue culture. Explants from in vitro grown seedlings were taken from the axillary bud. After seven days of culture on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA, the adventitious buds developed. After three weeks of culturing on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BA, the maximum multiplication of shoots (16.12 shoots/explant) was discovered, with an average (7.37 cm) shoots/explant. These shoots were sub-cultured on MS media with varying concentrations of NAA and IBA for root initiation. The MS medium combined with IBA produced the greatest percentage of root development (92%) and the greatest number of roots (7.37 roots/plant). In MS media supplemented with 0.5 NAA, the longest roots (3.08 cm) were found. After 17 days in a glasshouse, the plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing Peat moss and pearlite, 98 percent of the plantlets were acclimatized. To get a plant in a pot, the complete procedure took about 75 days. The technique proposed could aid in the preservation of the plant both in vivo and in vitro.

Rapid Propagation System in Vitro of Medicinal Plant Cynanchum Atratum Bunge

As a traditional Chinese medicinal material, Cynanchum atratum Bunge has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its treatment of abscesses, acute urinary infection and hectic fever.Thus, wild resources of it have been endangered by overharvesting. Plant tissue culture technology is an important measure to protect wild resources of medicinal plants, including C. atratum. Therefore, a fast and efficient propagation system of C. atratum through axillary bud proliferation pathwayhas been established. Through axillary bud proliferation, the medium [MS+sucrose 30 g/L+Agar 7 g/L+NAA 0.2 mg/l+IBA 1.5mg/l+KT 0.5 mg/l] can effectively proliferate adventitious buds, and the induction rate was 100 %, proliferation coefficient could reach 8.56. MS medium was used to induce adventitious bud rooting, with rooting rate of 98% and no callus. The highest survival rate was 90% when the ratio of grass mud pond and orchard red soil was 1:1. To our knowledge this is the first report of rapid propagation system in C. atratum, it achieve rapid reproduction of C. atratum.

Comparative analysis of root sprouting and its vigour in temperate herbs: anatomical correlates and environmental predictors

Background and Aims Root sprouting (RS), i.e. the ability to form adventitious buds on roots, is an important form of clonal growth in a number of species, and serves both as a survival strategy and a means of spatial expansion, particularly in plants growing in severely and recurrently disturbed habitats. Occurrence and/or success of plants in severely and recurrently disturbed habitats are determined by two components, viz.; the ability to produce adventitious buds on roots and the vigour of their production. As mechanisms behind different magnitudes of RS remain unclear, our study investigates: (i) whether the presence or absence of specific tissues in roots can promote or limit RS, and (ii) whether there is some relationship between RS ability, RS vigour and species niche. Methods We studied RS ability together with RS vigour in 182 Central European herbaceous species under controlled experimental conditions. We used phylogenetic logistic regressions to model the presence of RS, RS vigour, the relationship between RS and anatomical traits, and the relationship between RS and parameters of species niche. Key Results One quarter of herbs examined were able to produce adventitious buds on roots. They were characterized by their preference for open dry habitats, the presence of secondary root thickening and the occurrence of sclerified cortical cells in roots. Root sprouting vigour was not associated with any specific anatomical pattern but was correlated with the environmental niches of different species, indicating that preferred disturbed and dry habitats might represent a selection pressure for more vigorous root sprouters than undisturbed and wet habitats. Conclusions Our study shows that sprouting from roots is quite common in temperate dicotyledonous herbs. Two components of RS, ability and vigour, should be considered separately in future studies. We would also like to focus more attention on RS in herbs from other regions as well as on external forces and internal mechanisms regulating evolution and the functions of RS in both disturbed and undisturbed habitats.

Effects of Hormones and Epigenetic Regulation on the Callus and Adventitious Bud Induction of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.

Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. (hereafter “F. mandshurica”) is known as one of northeast China′s important, valuable hardwood timber species. However, tissue culture and micropropagation of the species are difficult and have low efficiency, limiting asexual propagation. In this manuscript, stem explants were utilized to establish an effective regeneration system through adventitious bud organogenesis. The factors influencing callus regeneration in vitro were determined, and callus regeneration technology was established. The mechanism of adventitious bud formation was analyzed. Thidiazuron (TDZ) played a crucial role in the formation of adventitious buds. Elevated concentrations of TDZ were beneficial to callus induction and low concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) led to loose state callus formation. The order of callus induction rates for different explants was stem cotyledon (100%) > segment (98.54%) > hypocotyl (92.56%) > root (50.71%). The effects of exogenous addition of 6-BA and TDZ on the endogenous hormone content of plants during the regeneration of adventitious buds were also assessed, as well as the expression characteristics of genes related to the regeneration pathway. The comprehensive analysis results showed that the suitable medium for callus induction and adventitious bud differentiation was c12 medium (MSB5 + 30 g/L sucrose + 7 g/L Agar + 5 mg/L 6-BA + 8 mg/L TDZ + 2 mg/L glycine + 0.1 mg/L IBA + 5% coconut water). The induction rates of callus and adventitious buds were 99.15% and 33.33%. The addition of 2.4 mg/L of the DNA demethylation reagent 5-azacytidine (5-aza) and 0.15 mg/L of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) increased the rates of adventitious bud induction by 17.78% over the control. This further laid the foundation for large-scale cultivation of excellent varieties and genetic transformation techniques.

Induction of Adventitious buds from stem explants in Aoectochilus formosanus

In order to explore the optimal culture conditions for adventitious bud regeneration of stem explants in Aoectochilus formosanus, the stem segments from the sterile seedlings were used as explants, and different concentrations of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), kinetin (KT), Cu2+ and glutamine (Gln) were separately added into MS medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and the induction rate and the induction multiple of adventitious buds were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the regeneration of adventitious buds could be promoted, when 2 mg/L DA-6, 0.4 mg/L KT and 15 mg/L Gln were added in mediums. However, the effect of Cu2+ on the regeneration of adventitious buds in A. formosanus was enhanced by low concentration and suppressed by high concentration, and the best concentration of Cu2+ was 5 mg/L.