Psychophysiological Adaptation of a Patient with Acute Radiated Sickness of Average Degree and Acute Leukemia

Purpose: Clinical and psychophysiological assessment of the adaptation of a patient who suffered from acute radiation sickness of moderate severity after the Chernobyl accident and acute leukemia, which began 30 years after the transferred ARS. Material and methods: A clinical and psychophysiological examination of a patient who suffered from acute radiation sickness of moderate severity after the Chernobyl accident and acute leukemia that occurred 30 years after the Chernobyl accident was carried out. The object of the study was the patient D.R.I., born in 1950, deputy. Head of the Chernobyl NPP workshop, participant in the liquidation of the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl accident. On April 26, 1986, during an emergency, he underwent relatively uniform beta-gamma radiation with the development of ARS II (moderate) severity. Within 3.5 hours after the accident was in the premises of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In the structure of ARS, bone marrow syndrome of the second degree and oropharyngeal syndrome of the first degree of severity were observed. The radiation dose, according to a cytogenetic study, was 3.4 Gy. A psychophysiological study was carried out using the MMPI methodology, the Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Test, the Expert automated software and methodological complex, designed to study the personality characteristics of a person, the cognitive and intellectual characteristics of a person, the Raven’s Progressive Matrices, simple and complex sensorimotor reactions and reactions to a moving object, 15 (2001) and 30 years (2016) after the Chernobyl radiation accident. Results: The clinical and psychophysiological assessment of the personality and the actual mental state made it possible to determine the demonstrative-hypochondriacal type of disturbance in the psychophysiological adaptation with the tendency for the anxiety-depressive behavior of the patient to progress to a state of increasing depression, more pronounced in dynamics. Conclusion: The psychophysiological assessment of the personality and current mental state of the patient who had ARS, moderate and, 30 years after the Chernobyl accident, acute leukemia showed a demonstrative-hypochondria type of adaptation disorder, as a variant of a disharmonious combination of hypochondria, anxiety-depressive and demonstrative tendencies with a predominance of demonstrativeness (the first, second and third scale of the MMPI methodology) with a significant decrease on the ninth scale in the form of an increase in depression in dynamics. The prevalence of demonstrativeness over growing depression in a person with high intellect, good figurative and logical thinking, and a lack of sensorimotor inhibition is a manifestation of optimism and resistance to a serious illness.

Experimental evaluation of the radiomodifying efficiency of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in acute x-ray irradiation of mice

It was found that acute exposure to ionizing radiation at doses of 7.5 and 8 Gy leads to the development of bone marrow syndrome of acute radiation sickness in mice. On the 7th day after exposure at doses of 7.5 Gy and 8 Gy, the mortality rate of animals was 66.7%, on the 10th day 83.3 and 86.7%, and by the 14th day it reached 91.7 and 100%, respectively. Prophylactic exposure to electromagnetic radiation from a helium-neon laser modulated with preparations with the tissue of the hypothalamic structures of the brain, spleen and bone marrow of a newborn mouse (P1-4) before X-ray irradiation at doses of 7.5 and 8 Gy contributed to a decrease in the mortality of animals from acute radiation sickness during the first 14 days, which was 28.6 and 50%, respectively. However, with this method of protective action, by the 22nd day after the radiation damage of 7.5 Gy, the mortality rate reached 64.3%, and 8 Gy-90%. On the contrary, with a therapeutic and preventive method of exposure to electromagnetic radiation by a helium-neon laser modulated by drugs with tissue from hypothalamic structures of the brain, spleen and bone marrow of a newborn mouse (R1-4) after a radiation lesion at a dose of 7.5 Gy, the mortality on the 25th day was 23.3%, and 8 Gy 30% and remained at this level for more than 30 days. We believe that the increase in the resistance of mice to ionizing radiation and the different nature of the course of acute radiation sickness with preventive and therapeutic methods of exposure is due to several factors. On the one hand, it is the realization of antihypoxic, antioxidant effects when exposed to electromagnetic radiation modulated by drugs with tissue from hypothalamic structures of the brain, spleen and bone marrow of a newborn mouse. On the other hand, the effect of electromagnetic radiation modulated by the preparation of the bone marrow and spleen of a newborn mouse has a cytoprotective effect on the bone marrow cells of mice with acute radiation sickness. It is also possible that this effect contributes to adequate neuroimmune regulation in the development of acute radiation sickness in mice.

APPLICATION OF THE DRUG «OS» IN RADIATION AND BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE OF THE BODY

Considering that in radiation biocenoses in animals under the influence of ionizing radiation, various biological changes occur, in the form of stimulation or suppression of the development of parasites in the host organism, as well as post-radiation changes in the host organism. We have car-ried out these studies, the purpose of which was to determine the infestation of laboratory animals by helminths, to study the effect of parasites on the course of acute radiation sickness and to assess the modifying effect of the «OS» drug on animals with combined radiation-biological damage.

CYTOGENETIC INDICATORS OF ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS (THE CHORNOBYL EXPERIENCE)

The objective of the study was to improve the biological dosimetry approach among patients with acute radiation sickness of various degrees based on the analysis of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the victims. Materials and methods. The study was based on primary cytogenetic data obtained in May 1986 within examination of the 30 clean-up workers («liquidators») having got stage I–III acute radiation sickness. Dose verification was performed using the cytogenetic dosimetry based on a culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes with metaphase analysis of chromosome aberrations. Results. A new method of evaluating the results of patients’ cytogenetic examination at the beginning of specific therapy has been developed. Procedure was performed using a model of multiple linear regression (complex of cytogenetic parameters) and provided a satisfactory diagnostic level (featuring a compliance with initially defined clinical and laboratory diagnoses). Overall frequency of the aberrant cells and radiation markers increased in higher disease stages. There was a trend of the frequency growth of chromatid-type aberrations with increasing of radiation burden. Adequacy of the proposed method based on the regression analysis of cytogenetic results was confirmed through the preservation of group differences in estimates of disease stage in subjects with verified diagnosis. Conclusion. Cytogenetic dosimetry in the scope of examination of persons exposed to ionizing radiation is an obligatory component of radiation sickness stage verification. The recommended method of cytogenetic data evaluation before and at the beginning of detoxification therapy provides a satisfactory level of diagnostics. Key words: acute radiation sickness, Chornobyl NPP accident, cytogenetic dosimetry, blood lymphocytes, chromosome aberrations, multiple linear regression model.

STUDY OF RADIOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF PREPARATIONS BASED ON E. COLI METABOLIC PRODUCTS AND NATURAL MINERALS

in several series of experiments, the preventive and therapeutic properties of preparations based on strains of E. coli "PL-6" microorganisms and products of their metabolism with the addition of natural hydroxides and aluminum hydrosilicates in acute radiation sickness of animals were studied. It was found that microbial preparations and their metabolites have radioprotective properties, so they can be used in creating radioprotective compositions.