Photobleaching and Recovery of Symbiodiniaceae Effrenium voratum SCS01 Reveals Life Form Transformation Under Thermal Stress

Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae contain a number of species and play an important role in the establishment of coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic marine waters. Effrenium voratum is likely an exclusively free-living and heterotrophic species of Symbiodiniaceae. How this species responds and acclimates to warming is largely unknown. The present study experimentally established the phenotypic landscapes related to the photobleaching and recovery processes of Effrenium voratum SCS01 following thermal stress. We found that thermal stress bleached the plastids of E. voratum SCS01 and caused the cells to become lighter in color. Thereafter, the bleached cells recovered rapidly when they returned to the optimal temperature. The dominant life form of E. voratum SCS01 shifted from mastigote cells to coccoid cells then returned to mastigote cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the photobleaching of E. voratum SCS01 was due to increased degradation and decreased biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments. The thermally induced life form changes were related to the downregulation of genes for cell motility. Our results revealed the mechanism of photobleaching in E. voratum SCS01 and indicated life form transformation as a newly identified survival strategy of Effrenium voratum SCS01 under thermal stress.

Extended lifespan of the fractional BBM equation

For 0 < α < 1, N ⩾ 2 and with initial data ‖ u 0 ‖ H N + α 2 = ε, sufficiently small, we show that the existence time for solutions of the fractional BBM equation ∂ t u + ∂ x u + u ∂ x u + | D | α ∂ t u = 0, can be extended from the hyperbolic existence time 1 ε to 1 ε 2 . For the proof we use a quasilinear modified energy method, based on a normal form transformation as in Hunter, Ifrim, Tataru, Wong (Proc. Am. Math. Soc., 143(8) (2015) 3407–3412).

The Effects of School Climate on Sixth Form Teachers’ Self-Efficacy in Malaysia

In Malaysia, sixth form is a post-secondary education that is comparable to pre-university programs such as A-level and Foundation qualifications. Enrolment in sixth forms has dwindled over the past ten years due to assumptions that the curriculum is difficult and because it is offered in regular secondary schools. Thus, the sixth form transformation program was introduced in 2015 with the purpose to rebrand sixth form education to a new setting comparable to other pre-university education, with a focus on improving the school climate and increasing teacher self-efficacy. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the level and relationship of the school climate on teacher self-efficacy. This survey was carried out using a questionnaire instrument, involving 695 sixth form teachers currently in Selangor. The findings showed that the level of school climate and teacher self-efficacy in all sixth form centers were at a high level. There was also a strong positive relationship between the school climate and sixth form teachers’ self-efficacy. Social and academic dimensions contributed significantly to the teacher self-efficacy of 38%. Hence, further studies looking at aspects that suggestively contribute to the school climate should be given due attention to ensure that transformation planning can be implemented as intended.

Controllable crystal form transformation and luminescence properties of up-conversion luminescent material K3Sc0.5Lu0.5F6: Er3+, Yb3+ with cryolite structure

Controllable crystal form transformation can effectively influence the up-conversion luminous intensity of cryolite materials.

POP-ARCHITECTURE AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGNING

In 1957, CIAM was replaced by International Council of Societies of Industrial Design that initiates the final reorientation of architecture to industrial production of structures as well as to wide-scale building. The strategy of urban build-up individualization was realized in the 1980s through dividing of the following constituents: construction technologies, industrial development and mechanization of the elements that leads to source-saving. Computer-aided engineering has led this process to final stage of development in Beam-technologies, allowing modelling of such functional parameters of construction project as design, building process, supplying activity, delivery of materials, maintenance of buildings. Complex of these functional processes does not guarantee the art quality of wide-scale building i.e. pop-architecture. The article is devoted to strategies and ways of the problem solution in pop-architecture such as followings: complement of building background with a symbol object; design of new attractive architectural forms but not important; understanding of classical forms; the form transformation by the super graphics.

On the Normal Form of the Kirchhoff Equation

Consider the Kirchhoff equation $$\begin{aligned} \partial _{tt} u - \Delta u \Big ( 1 + \int _{\mathbb {T}^d} |\nabla u|^2 \Big ) = 0 \end{aligned}$$ ∂ tt u - Δ u ( 1 + ∫ T d | ∇ u | 2 ) = 0 on the d-dimensional torus $$\mathbb {T}^d$$ T d . In a previous paper we proved that, after a first step of quasilinear normal form, the resonant cubic terms show an integrable behavior, namely they give no contribution to the energy estimates. This leads to the question whether the same structure also emerges at the next steps of normal form. In this paper, we perform the second step and give a negative answer to the previous question: the quintic resonant terms give a nonzero contribution to the energy estimates. This is not only a formal calculation, as we prove that the normal form transformation is bounded between Sobolev spaces.