About theory of extended interaction klystron and drift space in the form of medium with complex permittivity

Purpose of this work is to construct a theory of extended interaction klystron with ordinary distributed resonators, but with a drift space in the form of medium with complex permittivity. Methods. For this, a hybrid of extended interaction klystron and an amplifier with a complex permittivity is considered in the framework of the weak signal approximation. Two types of configurations of a extended interaction klystron were considered: with two and three distributed resonators. For a two-resonator klystron with distributed interaction, two cases are considered: without reflections from the ends of distributed resonators and the case when the input binder is fully matched to the external transmission line, and for the second distributed resonator, the so-called condition of critical coupling of the “hot” resonator with the transmission line is satisfied. For a three-resonator klystron with distributed interaction, the case is considered without reflections from the ends of distributed resonators. Results and conclusion. According to the results of the developed theory of a weak signal in a extended interaction klystron with ordinary distributed resonators and a drift space with a complex dielectric constant, by choosing the parameters, it is possible to achieve a greater gain at a length that is shorter than in a conventional extended interaction klystron, all other things being equal. In addition, the presence of an intermediate distributed resonator makes it possible to increase the gain while maintaining the full length of the device.

Design and Construction the RF Ion Source for Compact Accelerator with 30 keV Energy

In constructing the low energy accelerator for plant modification the most important part is the ion source. In the conventional cold cathodes and hot filament ion source methods the filament continuously burns out over time, has a shorter lifespan and requires venting of the ion source to atmosphere. Henceforth the Radio frequency (RF) antenna ion source or “non-thermionic ion source” with 13.6 MHz was used in the accelerator as well as it being easy to generate varie the plasma souce and stability. This ion source can produce a particle beam of about ~30 to 40 mA current. The ion particle was extracted by the first zero voltage extraction rod electrode method focusing the ion beam of 0-30 kV with the second rod electrode after which the third rod electrode has zero voltage. In calculating and designing this system via the Simion8.0 Program, the result showed that the Ar+ ion beam with 30 keV can be focused with 1 cm diameter beam at the distance of 10 cm of the drift space.

Spatial rainbows and catastrophes in transmission of protons through electrostatic hexapole lens

This work reports on the spatial rainbows occurring in transmission of 10 keV protons through hexapole lens. Positive potentials of the lens electrodes are set to be 0.9, 2, and 5 kV. The spatial rainbows and corresponding proton distributions are calculated by using an accurate analytical approximation of the numerically obtained lens potential. Further, for the positive potential of the lens electrode equal to 0.9 kV, it has been shown that application of catastrophe theory leads to a simple polynomial non-linear mapping, generating accurate spatial rainbows at the exit and in the drift space behind the lens.