SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE POLYGRAPH RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY (the third article)

Статья продолжает обзор теоретических аспектов технологии выявления у человека скрываемой информации в ходе исследования с помощью полиграфа. Отмечены качественные изменения, произошедшие в области прикладной психофизиологии и приведшие в XXI веке к появлению новых наук - нейроправа и нейрокриминалистики. Показаны направления дальнего развития теоретических и экспериментальных исследований, учитывающих требования криминалистики. The article continues the review of the theoretical aspects of the technology of revealing hidden information in a person during research using a polygraph. The authors note the qualitative changes that have occurred in the field of applied psychophysiology and led in the XXI century to the emergence of new sciences - neurolaw and neurocriminalistics. The article shows the directions of further development of theoretical and experimental research, taking into account the requirements of forensic science.

Improving the Rigor and Replicability of Applied Psychophysiology Research: Sample Size, Standardization, Transparency, and Preregistration

Scientific research across a number of areas, including applied psychophysiology, biofeedback, and neurofeedback, is facing considerable scrutiny for poor replication rates, high numbers of false-positive findings, and insufficient scientific rigor. There are many factors underlying this replication crisis in scientific research; yet incentives for more rigorous research practices at the institutional and editorial levels lag behind the need for improvement. The author provides examples of replication and rigor difficulties in scientific research with an eye toward psychophysiological research, including researcher flexibility in data analysis, “p-hacking,” insufficient sample sizes, and lack of availability and implementation of rigorous methodological and publication guidelines. Subsequently, the author highlights examples and opportunities for improvement, including decreasing researcher flexibility, reporting sample size information, increasing sample sizes through collaboration, improving reporting standards/following established guidelines for reporting psychophysiological data, and increasing adoption of preregistration and registered reports. The author concludes that the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB) can improve clinical practice and perception of public and scientific credibility by implementing rigorous and transparent research practices with a focus on replicability and clear methodological and reporting techniques and standards.

Research-Based Applied Psychophysiology

Recent research indicates that yoga can be effective for reducing both musculoskeletal conditions and stress. In the workplace, musculoskeletal conditions and stress are the two most common reasons for sickness absence. The World Health Organisation has identified the workplace as a priority area for promoting good health. As a result, yoga is increasingly being offered in workplace settings to improve the physical health and mental wellbeing of employees. In September 2014, a comprehensive search of relevant electronic databases was performed to determine the effectiveness of yoga in workplace settings. Eight randomised trials met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the effectiveness of yoga in the workplace was strong for musculoskeletal conditions, moderate for perceived stress, limited for sleep quality and conflicting for heart rate variability. Overall, this evidence is promising, yet limited due to a lack of high quality studies of yoga in workplace settings.

Detection of hidden information in accentuated personalities as a problem of applied psychophysiology

The criminal psychophysiological interrogation applying a polygraph as a procedure to identify hidden information got substantially into legal practice over the past 25 years. One of the vexed problems is the question of the scientific justification of the possibility of CIAP for people with different psychological characteristics of a person within the framework of a psychiatric norm. The article presents the results of a study (2008 - 2018). Purpose: to identify the possibility of conducting CIAP for people with different psychotypes by the example of analysis of their personal profiles of MMIL and the questionnaire “16 personality factors” with / without information in memory regarding the event being checked. According to the results of the study, it can be assumed that the detected characterological features of the studied individuals are not a contraindication for conducting CIAP against them. This study is one of the relevant and is caused by the widespread use of the polygraph in Russia. The results can be used in practical work during the KIPP, including in the form of a forensic examination.

Research-Based Applied Psychophysiology

The lymphedema is a disfiguring and disabling disease caused by dysfunction of lymphatic system due to damage/block or by lymph overload. Breast Cancer Related Lmyphedema and elephantiasis due to Lymphatic Filariasis are most prevalent world over. This chapter describes the yoga protocols used as a part of integrative medicine treatment, to treat lymphedema. Patients perform yoga in two sessions. It includes warm up, breathing, prolonged exercise with appropriate rests and relaxation. Yoga helps to drain lymph though various mechanisms. Asanas focus on dermal stretch, joint movement, muscle pumps and muscle stretch and pranayamas on lung expansion. Yoga also provides knee strengthening, gait correction and improves shoulder movement. Joint movements and muscle contractions are designed to mimic nodal drainage. Yoga sequence is arranged to achieve a similar role of manual lymph drainage as that of Foldi's Complex Decongestive Therapy. Yoga as a self-care in lymphedema is an effective treatment in endemic communities albeit not supported by randomized controlled trials.

Research-Based Applied Psychophysiology

Recent research indicates that yoga can be effective for reducing both musculoskeletal conditions and stress. In the workplace, musculoskeletal conditions and stress are the two most common reasons for sickness absence. The World Health Organisation has identified the workplace as a priority area for promoting good health. As a result, yoga is increasingly being offered in workplace settings to improve the physical health and mental wellbeing of employees. In September 2014, a comprehensive search of relevant electronic databases was performed to determine the effectiveness of yoga in workplace settings. Eight randomised trials met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the effectiveness of yoga in the workplace was strong for musculoskeletal conditions, moderate for perceived stress, limited for sleep quality and conflicting for heart rate variability. Overall, this evidence is promising, yet limited due to a lack of high quality studies of yoga in workplace settings.