scholarly journals Detection of hidden information in accentuated personalities as a problem of applied psychophysiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
O.E. Evseeva ◽  
A.Yu. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Practical Work ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Applied Psychophysiology ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Scientific Justification

The criminal psychophysiological interrogation applying a polygraph as a procedure to identify hidden information got substantially into legal practice over the past 25 years. One of the vexed problems is the question of the scientific justification of the possibility of CIAP for people with different psychological characteristics of a person within the framework of a psychiatric norm. The article presents the results of a study (2008 - 2018). Purpose: to identify the possibility of conducting CIAP for people with different psychotypes by the example of analysis of their personal profiles of MMIL and the questionnaire “16 personality factors” with / without information in memory regarding the event being checked. According to the results of the study, it can be assumed that the detected characterological features of the studied individuals are not a contraindication for conducting CIAP against them. This study is one of the relevant and is caused by the widespread use of the polygraph in Russia. The results can be used in practical work during the KIPP, including in the form of a forensic examination.

Audientia sacerdotalis?—Remarks on the Legal Nature of Dispute Resolution by Ecclesiastics in Late Antiquity

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-149
Author(s):  
Marzena Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lower Rank ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The problem of audientia episcopalis in late antiquity has been the subject of extensive research in the past. Previous studies have usually focussed on the legal doctrine, as well as the picture of bishop courts in the light of the literary sources. In contrast, the question of how audientia episcopalis functioned in the legal practice as shown by papyri has caused scholars much difficulty, due to the limited material available as well as the obscure nature of the institution. One could therefore ask: how is it possible that such allegedly common practice of dispute resolution by the bishops—as literary sources make us believe—is so elusive in the papyri? How to explain the simultaneous increase for that period of the papyrological attestations regarding arbitration/mediation carried out by the clergy of lower rank? Could we be dealing with some sort of audientia sacerdotalis functioning in the legal practice? How widespread was in fact the audientia episcopalis, and was this institution homogeneous or rather heterogeneous in nature? The paper presents the attempt to answer these questions by confronting the imperial law with the evidence of legal practice.

scholarly journals Reporting of medication errors by pediatric nurses

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Gök ◽  
Hatice Yıldırım Sarı
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Pediatric Nurses ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire

Background and objective: Children have a higher risk of being exposed to medication errors and are more prone to harm due to reasons such as differences in their growth and development, and their physiological and psychological characteristics which are different from those of adults. The purpose of this study is to determine pediatric nurses’ attitudes towards reporting of medication errors and causes of not reporting of medication errors and to determine their views on the incidence of medication errors.Methods: The study was conducted in a Children’s Hospital in the province of Izmir, with the participation of 179 pediatric nurses. To collect the data, two forms were used in the study, socio-demographic questionnaire and Questionnaire for Medication Errors.Results: While 34.6% (n = 62) of the nurses thought that medication errors never happened in the clinics over the past year. While 94.4% (n = 169) of the participating nurses did not report any medication errors within the past year, 5.6% reported 1-2 times. The highest proportion (75.4%) (n = 135) of the nurses, the reason for not reporting medication errors was the fear of receiving legal punishment.Conclusions: Reporting medication errors is low level. In conclusion, the main reason for not reporting medication errors was the perception of receiving punishment. Implications for nursing and/or health policy: Education to nurses should be given at regular intervals and in small groups by using case samples. If the managers are to promote reporting, they should eliminate the perception of receiving punishment, and make necessary arrangements to develop non-accusatory culture aiming to learn from the results of reported errors.

scholarly journals Measuring proper motions of galactic dwarf galaxies with Hubble Space Telescope

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S248) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Piatek ◽  
C. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Space Telescope ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Satellite Galaxies ◽  
Using Data

AbstractOver the past several years, our research group has been measuring proper motions for nearby dwarf satellite galaxies using data taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. In order to measure proper motions with an expected size of several tens of milliarcseconds per century using a time baseline of 2-4 years, our work required that positions of stars and QSOs be measured to an accuracy of ~0.25 mas (~0.005 pixel). This contribution reviews the scientific justification of this work and our methodology. It concludes with a few general results and future directions.

Analysis on the Whole Process Approach of Career Planning Guidance for College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Lili Duan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Fierce Competition

With the introduction of the policy of expanding enrollment in colleges and universities, many colleges and universities in the country have added specialties and increased enrollment scale. In the past 20 years, the number of college graduates in China has increased rapidly. The employment situation of many college graduates is not optimistic because of the shortage of professional skills and fierce competition. Although many colleges and universities now have the courses of career planning and employment guidance, to give college students the psychological guidance of employment , vocational training and planning, to help college students improve their competitiveness in employment. However, these guidance can help students to carry out career planning, targeted learning and practice, but in practice, because of different grades, different periods of students' personal needs, psychological characteristics, employer needs and so on, the original guidance can not meet the needs of students' employment competitiveness and growth, talent. Based on this, this paper discusses how to carry out the guidance of career planning for college students more effectively from the perspective of effectiveness and whole process.

scholarly journals Insights into Gender, 'Rurality' and the Legal Practice Experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Trish Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Women Lawyers ◽  
The Status

There has been a sustained focus over the past two decades on the status and position of women lawyers in the Australian legal profession. However, limited attention has been given to the particular experiences and retention of women lawyers in rural, regional and remote (RRR) legal practice. Feminist scholarship has highlighted the gendered way in which rural social space shapes understanding of identity and experience, suggesting the need to explore the ways in which the ‘othering’ of women in ‘rural’ space might bear on their legal practice experience. This article seeks to explore the intersection of gender and rurality in the context of RRR practice and the relevance of this intersection to the legal practice experience. It highlights some particular issues for women in RRR practice, considers ways in which gender is constructed in rural space and, through the case study examples of two female rural/regional lawyers, offers some experiential insights into the intersections of law, gender and ‘rurality’.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF INTERDEPENDENCE OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES AND INTEGRATION TENDENCIES OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
E. B. Simakova-Efremian
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
The World ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Globalized World

In the conditions of world globalization, the interdependence of the countries of the world, their transformation into a single global organism, which has its own laws and tendencies of development, is growing ever more. Globalization, like any complex and multifaceted phenomenon, has certain consequences that significantly affect the historical destinies of countries and peoples. Globalization concerns the issues of the development of law and judicial sciences. The holding of the First Kharkiv International Legal Forum "The Law and Problems of Sustainable Development in the Globalized World" is a peculiar confirmation of this. During the opening of the Forum, the rector of the National Law University academician V Ya. Tatsyi stressed that the processes of the world globalization not only give certain advantages in the development of the humanity but also generate new problems, which impossible to solve without an active participation of lawyers-scientists and practitioners. He noted: "From us expect balanced, well-reasoned and effective recommendations that might be implemented both in the national legislation and in the international legal practice”. Undoubtedly, the processes of globalization have their own specifics in various fields, including, in the field of forensic examination. A special place in this case belongs to the influence of the world globalization upon European integration processes. These processes are realized in the forensic examination, primarily by means of implementation of the legislation of Ukraine on forensic examination into European legislation, and in addition, by means of unification of the techniques of expert research for all forensic institutions by their accreditation in accordance with international quality standards. There were defined the ways of realization by Ukrainian criminalists andforensic experts of the requirements of the European documents containing the minimum standards in themselves and various variants of activities in the field of Criminalistics and Forensic Expertise have been proposed.

‘Fear’ of Crime: Role of Defensive Personality Factors for Concern About Crime

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Satchell ◽  
Oliver Waddup ◽  
Alison Bacon ◽  
Philip Corr
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship

Research into ‘fear of crime’ often interchangeably uses the terms ‘anxiety’, ‘fear’ and ‘worry’. However, neuropsychological and personality research makes a crucial distinction between fear, anxiety and worry. Theoretically, it is likely that anxiety (rumination on the past and worry about the future) rather than fear (i.e., immediate reaction to high intensity threat) is a better predictor of ‘fear’ of crime. We studied the relationship between anxiety, fear and anger (using measures from Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory) and concerns about becoming a victim of crime. We also investigated the relationship between responses to hypothetical threat scenarios and general concerns about crime. In our sample (N = 250), we found, contrary to our predictions, that personality traits related to general fearfulness were predictive of concerns about crime – more so than traits related to anxiety or anger. Responses to hypothetical threat scenarios were predictive of concerns about crime, but less so than trait fear. Overall, our results suggest that it may, after all, be correct to suggest that concerns about becoming a victim of crime are more to do with being afraid than anxious or angry and we discuss the theoretical implications of this effect.

Institutional Restrictions: Why can’t the Property Owners’ Committee be Established?: An Analysis of the Practice Process of Legal Texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 6063-6081
Author(s):  
Cheng Yu ◽  
Zhang Junlong
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Establishment Process

Why cannot property owners’ committees be established? This study answers this question from the perspective of legal practice process, which is different from previous discussions about the owner’s actions. Previous studies regard the law as a weapon and tool for owners to safeguard their rights, while this study focuses on the legal texts and regards the legal system as the key variable of the establishment of the property owners’ committees. We adopt field observation and in-depth interviews to analyze the establishment process of Guangzhou property owners’ committees in Guangzhou in the past 20 years. It is found that the legal system is often transformed into a governance tool, which is specifically characterized as the “anti-mobilization ability” of the system. In this case, local governments intervene in the development of legal texts by means of self-empowerment, raising the bar, and intentional delay, to embed administrative objectives and facilitate the convenience of administrative control and regulation, which partly results in the difficulty to establish owner’s committees.

SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE POLYGRAPH RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY (the third article)

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Михаил Валентинович КОВАЛЬЧУК ◽  
Юрий Иванович ХОЛОДНЫЙ
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Applied Psychophysiology ◽  
Hidden Information ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Статья продолжает обзор теоретических аспектов технологии выявления у человека скрываемой информации в ходе исследования с помощью полиграфа. Отмечены качественные изменения, произошедшие в области прикладной психофизиологии и приведшие в XXI веке к появлению новых наук - нейроправа и нейрокриминалистики. Показаны направления дальнего развития теоретических и экспериментальных исследований, учитывающих требования криминалистики. The article continues the review of the theoretical aspects of the technology of revealing hidden information in a person during research using a polygraph. The authors note the qualitative changes that have occurred in the field of applied psychophysiology and led in the XXI century to the emergence of new sciences - neurolaw and neurocriminalistics. The article shows the directions of further development of theoretical and experimental research, taking into account the requirements of forensic science.

scholarly journals In Sync: The Effect of Physiology Feedback on the Match between Heart Rate and Self-Reported Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth T. van Dijk ◽  
Joyce H. D. M. Westerink ◽  
Femke Beute ◽  
Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Shed Light

Over the past years self-tracking of physiological parameters has become increasingly common: more and more people are keeping track of aspects of their physiological state (e.g., heart rate, blood sugar, and blood pressure). To shed light on the possible effects of self-tracking of physiology, a study was conducted to test whether physiology feedback has acute effects on self-reported stress and the extent to which self-reported stress corresponds to physiological stress. In this study, participants executed several short tasks, while they were either shown visual feedback about their heart rate or not. Results show that self-reported stress is more in sync with heart rate for participants who received physiology feedback. Interactions between two personality factors (neuroticism and anxiety sensitivity) and feedback on the level of self-reported stress were found, indicating that while physiology feedback may be beneficial for individuals high in neuroticism, it may be detrimental for those high in anxiety sensitivity. Additional work is needed to establish how the results of this study may extend beyond immediate effects in a controlled lab setting, but our results do provide a first indication of how self-tracking of physiology may lead to better body awareness and how personality characteristics can help us predict which individuals are most likely to benefit from self-tracking of physiology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document