Carcass and meat traits of goats fed diets containing cottonseed cake

The cottonseed cake has the necessary nutritional characteristics to be able to substitute the traditional ingredients (such as soybean meal) and reduce the costs of the diet. However, it is necessary to determine the best level of inclusion of cottonseed cake in the diets of fattening goats to improve meat production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass and meat traits of feedlot goats fed diets containing cottonseed cake replacing soybean meal (33 %, 66 % and 100 %). Thirty-two uncastrated Boer crossbred goats (4 months old, 16 ± 2 kg initial body weight) were used in a completely randomized experimental design. Replacing soybean meal with cottonseed did not compromise (P> 0.05) slaughter weight, carcass traits (dressing percentage, loin-eye area and back-fat thickness), primal cuts or carcass morphometric measurements; moisture, protein, or total lipid contents of meat; or the physicochemical traits of color (L*, a* and b* coordinates), pH, shear force, and cooking loss. However, there was a reduction (P=0.001) in the mineral matter content (from 1.08 % to 0.97 %) and an increase (P=0.006) in the cholesterol content (from 50.85 to 70.55 mg/100 g of meat) of the meat as the dietary levels of cottonseed cake were increased. Based on the results of production and meat quality, we recommend using cottonseed cake as an alternative protein source to replace up to 100 % of soybean meal in feedlot goat diets.

Evaluation of bio-detoxification of Jatropha curcas seed cake and cottonseed cake by basidiomycetes: nutritional and antioxidant effects

Poultry and swine are the major proportion of the livestock industry in terms of output value. To meet the growing need for protein sources in these sectors, the use of biomasses coming from agro-industrial residues can be an interesting option in the coming years. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of seven basidiomycetes to grow, detoxicate, increase protein content, and also its antioxidant activity when grew in pure Jatropha seed cake (JSC) and cottonseed cake (CSC) biomasses and mixtures containing 50% of lignocellulosic biomasses from coconut husks and Acrocomia aculeata (macauba cake). Results showed that five basidiomycetes were able to grow in these substrates. F. hepatica, P. lecomtei, and P. pulmonarius presented the highest bio-detoxification capacity. All treatments showed a reduction in total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity, but treatments with coconut husks showed lower reductions. Results also indicated that there are molecules produced by basidiomycetes responsible for antioxidant activity other than phenolic compounds. These results indicated that basidiomycetes could detoxify JCS and CSC biomasses, suggesting their possible use in animal feed and that the addition of coconut husks in JSC and macauba cake in cottonseed cake can promote greater colonization by fungi.

Effects of feeding diets containing undelinted undecorticated cottonseed cake on carcass characteristics of gilts

Twenty four crossbred (Large White X Hampshire) female weaner pigs of average initial weight of 12.6 kg live weight were raised for a period 126 days from weaner to growing-finishing stage of average weight of 71.0kg in a trial in which undelinted undecorticated cottonseed cake (UUCSC) was fed at 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the 18%% or 16% crude protein diets. Animals were randomly assigned to pens on the basis of initial weight group and there were two pigs per pen in a randomized block design trial. Animals were fed 5% body weight and had free access to drinking water Gilts were weighed weekly and the trial lasted for 126 days. Twelve of the gilts were randomly selected and slaughtered for carcass analysis. As a result of this study, slaughter and carcass weights of gilts fed 30% UUCSC diet were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those fed 0, 10 and 20% UUCSC diets. The prime cuts (ham, shoulder and loin) were similar across dietary treatments. There was significant linear (P<0.05) reduction in loin-eye area while the back fat thickness significantly (P<O.05) increased as the levels of UUCSC increased in the diets. The gilts fed 30% UUCSC had significantly (P<0.05) lower liver kidneys and spleen weights as compared to those fed 0, 10and 20% UUCSC diets, Between the lungs and hearts of the gilts there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among them. There was significant linear (P<O.05) increase in stomach dimension while the gut dimensions were similar across dietary treatments. For good carcass quality, 20% UUCSC can be fed to gilts

Performance And Serum Metabolites Of Grower Pigs Fed Groundnut Cake, Extruded Soyabean Meal And Cottonseed Cake-Based Diets

The study assessed the effect on performance and serum metabolites of ninety grower pigs fed extruded full-fat soyabean meal (ESBM) and cottonseed cake (CSC) as partial (-50%) and whole (100%) replacement for groundnut cake (GNC) in practical-type diets over 12 weeks feeding period. Ninety Large White X Landrace pigs average initial live weight of 30.50+1.4kg were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments and each treatment had three replicates The diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. The ESBM in the diets showed an improvement in average daily weight gain and eed conversion. Diet in which there was 50%replacement of GNC with ESBM gave the best result (P<0.05). However, general trend showed a numerical increase with levels of ESBM and CSC in the diets. Serum albumin and cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by inclusion of extruded full-fat soyabean meal, and CSC while serum creatinine level was increased.

Chemical composition and rumen degradation of diet combinations of cottonseed cake, dried brewer's grains and Lablab purpureus hay incubated in the rumen of fistulated N'dama steers in South-western Nigeria

The chemical composition and dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) degradation characteristics of four diet combinations ar four total digestible nutrients (TDN) levels of cottonseed cake (CSC), dried brewer's grains (DBG) and Lablab purpureus hay (LL) which were fed to ruminants in the humid zone of Ibadan, South-west Nigeria, were evaluated. TheTDN levels used were 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 kg TDN. The CSC and DBG used are agro-industrial by-products which are used in feeding livestock while the LL is a leguminous plant which is not used much as human feed but is usually grown as forage legume for animal feeding. The completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates was used. The experiment was carried out In Ibadan, South-western Nigeria during the wet season (June to July). The diets were high in crude protein contents so that they had high nutritional potential for ruminants feeding and productivity. The potential degradability (PD) of dry matter (DM) values ranged from 75. 24 to 79.47 g/100g DM, while that for the nitrogen (N) degradability ranged between 88.36 and 94.30 g/100g N. The soluble fraction value of DM degradation and the crude fibre (CF) content of the chemical composition of the diets were significantly correlated (r=0.644; P=0.007). The potential degradability (PD) values for both the DM and N degradabilities were significantly (P>0.05) different among the four treatment diets combinations.

The Effects Of Replacing Groundnut Cake With Cottonseed Cake On The Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Broiler Chickens

The effects of replacing groundnut cake(GNC) with cottonseed cake (CSC) at 0, 50 and 100% levels in starter and finisher diets on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and gut morphology were evaluated in a 56 - day feeding trial. Average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, and feed/gain ratio were significantly (P< 0.05) affected by dietary treatments at the starter and finisher phases. Eviscerated weight (E. W) dressing percentage, total edible meat and abdominal fat pad decreased with increasing level of CSC while weights and lenghts of small intestine, large intestine, caeca and gizzard weight increased significantly (P<0.05) from 0 to 100% CSC diets. It can be concluded that CSC inclusion at 50 and 100% level had adverse effect on the performance and carcass parameters assessed.

Evaluation of different combinations of palm kernel cake - and cotton seed cake - based diets on the performance of West African Dwarf goats

An experiment was carried out using 15 West African Dwarf goats (8 - 10kg body weight) to investigate the comparative performance of the animals when different combinations of palm kernel cake and cotton seed cake were contained in their diets. Results indicated that 40% palm kernel cake (zero cotton seed cake) in the diets significantly induced better feed utilization for gain (100g/d) and feed conversion ratio (3.70), least total dry matter intake (4.8% body weight) and leasi water consumption (40ml/ ww. kg; P>0.05) than other combinations. The least crude protein (15.5%) and the highest metabolizable energy (8.37 MJ/kg) diet (40% PKC) provoked the fastest growth rate (100g/d) in the animals. Concentrate intake was higher in all the treatments than grass intake. The blood glucose, total blood protein, blood urea nitrogen and cost per kg body weight (18.3, 13.3, 31.Omg/dl and N33.8 (0.4 US dollar), respectively) were significantly lower in goats fed sole palm kernel cake based diets than those fed combinations of palm kernel cake and cottonseed cake. It is concluded that palm kernel cake alone (without any combination with cottonseed cake) is adequate as protein source in compounding protein supplements for West African Dwarf goats for profitable performance.