scholarly journals Effects of feeding diets containing undelinted undecorticated cottonseed cake on carcass characteristics of gilts

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
J. O. Jegede ◽  
T. S. B. Tegbe ◽  
S. O. Ogundipe ◽  
P. I. Rekwot ◽  
S. B. Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cottonseed Cake ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Feeding Diets

Twenty four crossbred (Large White X Hampshire) female weaner pigs of average initial weight of 12.6 kg live weight were raised for a period 126 days from weaner to growing-finishing stage of average weight of 71.0kg in a trial in which undelinted undecorticated cottonseed cake (UUCSC) was fed at 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the 18%% or 16% crude protein diets. Animals were randomly assigned to pens on the basis of initial weight group and there were two pigs per pen in a randomized block design trial. Animals were fed 5% body weight and had free access to drinking water Gilts were weighed weekly and the trial lasted for 126 days. Twelve of the gilts were randomly selected and slaughtered for carcass analysis. As a result of this study, slaughter and carcass weights of gilts fed 30% UUCSC diet were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those fed 0, 10 and 20% UUCSC diets. The prime cuts (ham, shoulder and loin) were similar across dietary treatments. There was significant linear (P<0.05) reduction in loin-eye area while the back fat thickness significantly (P<O.05) increased as the levels of UUCSC increased in the diets. The gilts fed 30% UUCSC had significantly (P<0.05) lower liver kidneys and spleen weights as compared to those fed 0, 10and 20% UUCSC diets, Between the lungs and hearts of the gilts there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among them. There was significant linear (P<O.05) increase in stomach dimension while the gut dimensions were similar across dietary treatments. For good carcass quality, 20% UUCSC can be fed to gilts

scholarly journals Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1757-1761
Author(s):  
José Vieira Neto ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

scholarly journals Supplementation Of Concentrate With Different Levels Of Protein On Nutrient Intake, Digestibility And Growth Of Red Chittagong Heifers

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
S Barua ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
SS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of concentrate supplementation with different protein levels on intake, digestibility and growth performance of Red Chittagong (RC) heifers fed urea molasses straw (UMS) based diet. Twelve RC heifers having average live weight of 124.83±43.15 kg and aged between 8 to 14 months were selected for 90 days feeding trial. Animals were divided into four groups having three animals in each and were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The experimental diets were formulated using urea molasses straw (UMS), German grass (Echinochloa grousgalli) with or without concentrate mix (having different levels of protein). All the animals received UMS ad libitum and German grass at the rate of 20% of total DM intake. In addition to UMS and German grass of control diet T0, animals on diets T1, T2 and T3 were supplied with concentrate mixture at the rate of 10% of DM intake containing 15, 20 and 25% CP, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 2.65, 3.06, 2.62 and 2.86 kg/100 kg LW for diets T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively and the difference was non significant (P>0.05). The digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NFE and digestible nutrients (DCP, DEE and DNFE) for diets T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than those for diet T0. The daily average liveweight gain of RC heifers fed diets T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 100, 275, 333 and 291 g respectively (P<0.01). Concentrate mixture having 20% crude protein may be supplemented at the rate of 10% of DM intake per day for optimum growth of Red Chittagong heifers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9861 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 10-16

scholarly journals PSIX-34 Effects of corn protein concentrate level in the diets of the weanling piglet on performance, nitrogen balance, visceral organ mass and blood parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 345-346
Author(s):  
Jose Alvear ◽  
Jorge Ron ◽  
Hector Torrealba ◽  
Christian H Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn protein concentrate (CPC) levels on performance, nitrogen digestibility, blood parameters, and visceral organ mass by newly weaned piglets. Forty piglets (6. 9 kg ± 1.2 kg of live weight) were allotted to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design. Piglets were fed individually 1 of 4 experimental diets containing different CPC levels (0%, 5%, 10% or 15%) during 44 d. Performance parameters were measured weekly. Total fecal and urine samples were collected on d 33 of the experiment for 4 consecutive days to determine N balance. At the end of the feeding period, blood samples were collected to measure blood parameters, and animals were slaughter to determine visceral organ mass. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block designed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Final BW tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.065) as dietary CPC level increased. Overall, ADG tended to decrease linearly (P = 0.065), and ADFI was significantly reduced (P = 0. 038) as dietary CPC level increased. Nevertheless, FCR was not by dietary treatment (P = 0.1872). There were no differences on nitrogen intake, retention and digestibility across dietary treatments (P &gt; 0. 407). However, there was a tendency to decrease linearly N excretion on urine as CPC increased in the diet. Hematocrit and Serum Urea-N were linearly increased and reduced, respectively as CPC increased in the diet (P &lt; 0. 027). Empty BW at d 44 tended to linearly reduce as CPC increased. Pancreas weight was reduced by inclusion of CPC (linearly; P = 0. 005). In summary, it was demonstrated that, when CPC replaced partially traditional protein sources up to 5% of the diet, performance and N status of the animal are not altered. However, caution should be taken with higher levels of inclusion.

scholarly journals Performance And Serum Metabolites Of Grower Pigs Fed Groundnut Cake, Extruded Soyabean Meal And Cottonseed Cake-Based Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
A. O. MAFIMIDIWO ◽  
A. O. FANIMO ◽  
C. F. I. ONWUKA ◽  
O. O. TEWE
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Cottonseed Cake ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The study assessed the effect on performance and serum metabolites of ninety grower pigs fed extruded full-fat soyabean meal (ESBM) and cottonseed cake (CSC) as partial (-50%) and whole (100%) replacement  for groundnut cake (GNC) in practical-type  diets over 12 weeks feeding period. Ninety Large White X Landrace pigs average initial live weight of 30.50+1.4kg were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments and each treatment had three replicates The diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. The ESBM in the diets showed an  improvement in average daily weight gain and eed conversion. Diet in which there was 50%replacement of GNC with ESBM gave the best  result (P<0.05). However, general trend showed a numerical increase with levels of ESBM and CSC in the diets. Serum albumin  and cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by inclusion of extruded full-fat soyabean meal, and CSC while serum creatinine level was increased.

The effect of diet and frequency of watering on the performance of growing cattle given food at maintenance

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Hatendi ◽  
F. M. Mulenga ◽  
S. Sibanda ◽  
P. Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Growing Cattle

AbstractAn 18-week experiment investigated the effects of type of diet and frequency of watering on the performance of growing cattle given food at maintenance (metabolizable energy (ME) allowance (MJ) = 8·3 + 0·091 M where M = live weight of the animal). Three diets with 20: 80 (low, L), 50:50 (medium, M) and 80: 20 (high, H) roughage to concentrate ratios (10·2, 7·8 and 5·4 MJME per kg dry matter) were used in combination with free access to water for 2·5 h once daily or once every 3rd day. A completely randomized-block design with a 3 (diets) × 2 (watering frequencies) factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Five animals were allocated per treatment (average weight 245 (s.d. 21·6) kg).Dry-matter intake increased as the roughage content of the diet increased (P < 0·05) but was not affected by the watering regime (P > 0·05). Total water intake was found to be positively correlated with dry-matter intake and increased with dietary roughage level. Animals watered daily drank more (P < 0·05) water (12·6 v. 10·0 kg/day) than those watered every 3rd day. The apparent digestibility of the diets decreased as the amount of roughage increased (diet L 734g/kg, M471 g/kg and H 433 g/kg). Similar apparent digestibilities were observed under the two watering frequencies (546 g/kg and 547 g/kg).Type of diet significantly (P < 0·05) affected the final weights of the steers. Animals given diet H were proportionately 0·07 heavier than those offered diet L corresponding to total weight changes of −0·8 and +18·4 kg respectively. Carcass weight, backfat thickness and eye muscle area were not affected by the treatments. The chemical composition of the 9 to 11th rib joint was only affected by diet H which gave less fat (P < 0·05). Water, fat, protein and ash content averaged 607,118,190 and 84 g/kg respectively.

scholarly journals Performance and intestinal development of chicks submitted to different rations and different types of incubation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Eliete Souza Santana ◽  
José Neto Cassiano de Camargo ◽  
Michele Laboissière ◽  
Roberto Moraes Jardim Filho
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Processing

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of two types of incubation and two types of feeding on the performance of chickens and intestinal development of chicks during the pre-starter phase (1 to 7 days of age). One-year-old male Ross® chicks were used. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 2x2 factorial design, with two types of feed processing (bran and micropelleted) and two types of incubation machines (single and multiple stage), totaling four treatments, with four treatment repetitions each. Twelve birds per experimental unit were used, totaling 192 animals. Performance evaluations were conducted, such as mean weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, bowel weight and size, and percentage of intestine in relation to live weight. Histomorphometric tests on the height of the villi and depth of the duodenal crypts were also performed. The two incubation machines did not influence any of the analyzed variables. Even though both had the same composition, the micropelleted feed resulted in positive gains for the performance variables: average weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion when compared to the meal, but was unable to significantly influence the morphometric measurements of the duodenum of chicks in the pre-starter phase.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Kanola Terhadap Performa, Kecernaan Nutrien, dan Profil Asam Lemak Rumen Domba

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Vishara Sekar Fadhilah ◽  
I Komang Gede Wiryawan ◽  
Sri Suharti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Average Body

ABSTRAK      Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh dari pemberian pakan yang mengandung mikroenkapsulasi minyak kanola pada konsumsi, kecernaan nutrien, dan performa pertumbuhan pada domba. Lima belas domba garut jantan dengan rataan bobot badan awal 20.17 ± 4.65 kg digunakan dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pada periode pemeliharaan selama 100 hari dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 kelompok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah P0 (kontrol / hijauan: konsentrat = 60:40), P1 (P0 mengandung 4% minyak kanola), dan P2 (P0 mengandung 4% mikroenkapsulasi minyak kanola). Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan untuk performa, konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrien. Suplementasi minyak kanola murni maupun terenkapsulasi sebagai sumber energi dalam ransum domba, menghasilkan pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH) dan efisiensi penggunaan pakan yang terbaik. Proporsi asam lemak tak jenuh pada perlakuan suplementasi mikroenkapsulasi minyak kanola 8% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan minyak kanola murni meningkatkan (P<0.05) proporsi asam stearat (C18:0) dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi 4% mikroenkapsulasi minyak kanola di dalam ransum, selaian menghasilkan PBBH dan efisiensi pakan terbaik juga mampu melindungi asam lemak tak jenuh (ALTJ) dari proses biohidrogenasi rumen tanpa mengganggu konsumsi dan kecernaan nutrient ransum.Kata kunci: konsumsi, kecernaan, mikroenkapsulasi, minyak kanola, performaABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding diets with microencapsulation of canola oil on intake, nutrient apparent digestibility, and growth performance of lambs. Fifteen male garut lambs with an initial average body weight of 20.17 ± 4.65 kg were used in a randomized block design (RBD) for a 100-days feeding period with 3 treatments and 5 groups as replication. The treatments were P0 (control/forage:concentrate = 60:40), P1 (P0 contained 4% of canola oil), and P2 (P0 contained 4% of microencapsulated canola oil). The results showed that there was no difference in the growth performance, intake, and digestibility of nutrients. The best of average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency results from the supplementation of pure canola oil or encapsulated canola oil in diets. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the supplementation of microencapsulated canola oil treatment was 8% higher than control. The treatment of canola oil supplementation increased (P<0.05) the proportion of stearic acid (C18:0) compared to other treatments. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation of 4% of microencapsulated canola oil, besides produced the best of ADG and feed efficiency, was also able to maintain unsaturated fatty acids from the rumen biohydrogenation process without detrimental effects on nutrient intake and digestibility in lambs.    Keywords: canola oil, digestibility, intake, microencapsulation, performance

Influence of Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase supplementation of wheat and corn based diets on growth performance of pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Van Lunen ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing wheat- and corn-based diets with xylanase on growth performance and FCR of pigs from 10 to 18 wk of age. Seventy-tow castrated male pigs were assigned to pens of two and in a randomized block design to six dietary treatments consisting of diets containing 60% wheat, 40% wheat and 20% corn, and 20% wheat and 40% corn with and without supplementation with xylanase. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Xylanase supplementation improved growth rate and FCR by 9.2 and 5.3%, respectively, regardless of level of wheat and corn inclusion. Key words: Pig, growth, feed enzyme, Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase, wheat, corn

scholarly journals Standardized ileal digestible (SID) isoleucine requirement of barrows (15- to 30- kg) fed low crude protein diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3283
Author(s):  
Doglas Batista Lazzeri ◽  
Leandro Dalcin Castilha ◽  
Patrícia Barcellos Costa ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Protein Diets

This study aimed to determine the SID isoleucine (Ile) requirement of starting barrows fed low crude protein. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1: Ten crossbred barrows were used in order to determine the SID AA of the basal diet (treatment with the lowest SID Ile level used in the growth performance experiment), averaging 15.00 ± 0.27 kg of initial weight, individually housed in metabolic cages and allotted in a complete randomized design, with two treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. Treatments consisted of a basal (14.13% CP and 0.450% of SID Ile) and a free protein diet. Experiment 2: A performance experiment was carried out to determine the SID Ile requirement when using low crude protein diets. Forty crossbred barrows were used, averaging 15.00 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight and distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0.450, 0.520, 0.590, 0.660 and 0.730% of SID Ile) and two animals per experimental unit. The average daily gain (ADG) (P=0.049) and protein deposition (P=0.01) were affected by the studied SID Ile levels. The daily need of SID Ile was estimated at 5.9 g when considering 0.61% as the optimum level of SID Ile in the diet for an improved ADG and protein deposition.

Diets with chemically treated straw for beef steers: effects of rapidly fermentable carbohydrate on food utilization, growth and bacterial cellulolysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. V. Williams ◽  
C. S. Stewart ◽  
A. Macdearmid ◽  
A. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weight Gains

ABSTRACTThe effects of level of supplemental carbohydrate from turnips and level of rumen degradable nitrogen on bacterial cellulolysis, food intake, live-weight gain and diet digestibility were examined with 36 300-kg Friesian steers allocated, in a randomized-block design, to one of six dietary treatments: (i) sodium hydroxide treated straw plus a supplement of urea (30 g urea per kg straw dry matter (DM)) (uO); (ii) uOplus turnips (23·5 g DM per kg M0·75); (Hi) uOplus a high level of turnips (47 g DM per kg M0·75); (iv) (v) and (vi), the same three diets, but with additional urea (60 g urea per kg straw DM). In two separate experiments each lasting for 56 days, the turnip allowance was given in either two feeds, or one feed per day and the straw was given to appetite. Rumen fluid was obtained by stomach tube from all steers before feeding (07·30 h) and after feeding (11.00 h) on days 10 and 24 of each experiment.Weight gains for all groups given straw plus turnips were high (> 0·90 kg/day). Increasing the quantity of turnips gave significantly increased DM intakes and weight gains but then turnips substituted for straw, and the proportion of straw consumed decreased from 0·8 to 0·6 of the dietary DM (P< 0·01) There were no significant interactions between frequency of feeding of turnips and level of urea on the variables food intake and weight gain. Fibre digestibility was not depressed by the addition of turnips to the diet. Rumen fluid pH decreased after the steers ate turnips but tended to remain above 6·7. There were no large changes in the total number of viable cellulolytic bacteria as a result of either addition of urea or turnips to the diet; counts remained in the order of 107 per ml. Steers consumed large quantities of sodium hydroxide treated straw; turnips were therefore only a small proportion of the overall DM intake with relatively little effect on bacterial cellulolysis.

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