Guidance for Healthy and More Climate-Friendly Diets in Nursing Homes—Scenario Analysis Based on a Municipality’s Food Procurement

Reducing the climate impact of food provided for residents in nursing homes is challenging, as the diets for older, frail adults must be high in protein content and energy density while at the same time ensuring that the meals are palatable and recognizable. This study aimed at providing guidance on healthy and more climate-friendly diets for nursing homes in the City of Copenhagen. The goal was to decrease greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) by at least 25% while at the same time providing nutritionally adequate and recognizable menus. First, food purchase data were compiled with datasets matching each food item to a proxy food item and then to databases containing GHGE and nutrient information. Secondly, two diet scenarios were modelled based on current procurement practices, i.e., an energy- and protein-dense diet and a standard protein-dense diet, and converted into guidelines for menu planning. The diets contained less total meat, especially beef, and significantly more pulses, nuts and seeds in order to increase protein content according to recommendations for older adults. Finally, a combined scenario was calculated to reflect the joint climate impact reduction. This kind of innovation in food procurement is required in order to achieve the necessary transition to a sustainable food system.

Raise and characterization of a bread wheat hybrid line (Tulaykovskaya 10 × Saratovskaya 29) with chromosome 6Agi2 introgressed from Thinopyrum intermedium

Wheatgrass Thinopyrum intermedium is a source of agronomically valuable traits for common wheat. Partial wheat–wheatgrass amphidiploids and lines with wheatgrass chromosome substitutions are extensively used as intermediates in breeding programs. Line Agis 1 (6Agi2/6D) is present in the cultivar Tulaykovskaya 10 pedigree. Wheatgrass chromosome 6Agi2 carries multiple resistance to fungal diseases in various ecogeographical zones. In this work, we studied the transfer of chromosome 6Agi2 in hybrid populations Saratovskaya 29×Tulaykovskaya 10 (S29×T10) and Tulaykovskaya 10×Saratovskaya 29 (T10×S29). Chromosome 6Agi2 was identified by PCR with chromosome-specific primers and by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). According to molecular data, 6Agi2 was transmitted to nearly half of the plants tested in the F2 and F3 generations. A new breeding line 49-14 (2n = 42) with chromosome pair 6Agi2 was isolated and characterized in T10×S29 F5 by GISH. According to the results of our field experiment in 2020, the line had high productivity traits. The grain weights per plant (10.04±0.93 g) and the number of grains per plant (259.36±22.49) did not differ significantly from the parent varieties. The number of grains per spikelet in the main spike was significantly higher than in S29 (p ≤ 0.001) or T10 (p ≤ 0.05). Plants were characterized by the ability to set 3.77±0.1 grains per spikelet, and this trait varied among individuals from 2.93 to 4.62. The grain protein content was 17.91 %, and the gluten content, 40.55 %. According to the screening for fungal disease resistance carried out in the field in 2018 and 2020, chromosome 6Agi2 makes plants retain immunity to the West Siberian population of brown rust and to dominant races of stem rust. It also provides medium resistant and medium susceptible types of response to yellow rust. The possibility of using lines/varieties of bread wheat with wheatgrass chromosomes 6Agi2 in breeding in order to increase protein content in the grain, to confer resistance to leaf diseases on plants and to create multiflowered forms is discussed.

Nutritional Evaluation of Tropical Forage Grass Alone and Grass-Legume Diets to Reduce in vitro Methane Production

Forage grass nutritional quality directly affects animal feed intake, productivity, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions. This study evaluated the nutritional quality, in vitro enteric CH4 emission potential, and optimization of diets based on two widely grown tropical forage grasses either alone or mixed with legumes. The grasses Urochloa hybrid cv. Cayman (UHC) and U. brizantha cv. Toledo (UBT), which typically have low concentrations of crude protein (CP), were incubated in vitro either alone or mixed with the legumes Canavalia brasiliensis (CB) and Leucaena diversifolia (LD), which have higher CP concentrations. Substitution of 30% of the grass dry matter (DM) with CB or LD did not affect gas production or DM degradability. After 96 h of incubation, accumulated CH4 was 87.3 mg CH4 g−1 DM and 107.7 mg CH4 g−1 DM for the grasses alone (UHC and UBT, respectively), and 100.7 mg CH4 g−1 DM and 113.2 mg CH4 g−1 DM for combined diets (70% grass, 15% CB, and 15% LD). Diets that combined legumes (CB or LC) and grass (UHC or UBT) had higher CP contents, gross, and metabolizable energy (GE, ME, respectively) densities, as well as lower concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The ME and nutritional variables such as NFD, tannins (T), and CP showed a positive correlation with in vitro net gas production, while ruminal digestibility was affected by CP, ADL, T, and GE. Optimal ratios of components for ruminant diets to reduce rumen net gas production and increase protein content were found with mixtures consisting of 60% grass (either UHC or UBT), 30% CB, and 10% LD. However, this ratio did not result in a decrease in CH4 production.

Evaluation of bio-detoxification of Jatropha curcas seed cake and cottonseed cake by basidiomycetes: nutritional and antioxidant effects

Poultry and swine are the major proportion of the livestock industry in terms of output value. To meet the growing need for protein sources in these sectors, the use of biomasses coming from agro-industrial residues can be an interesting option in the coming years. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of seven basidiomycetes to grow, detoxicate, increase protein content, and also its antioxidant activity when grew in pure Jatropha seed cake (JSC) and cottonseed cake (CSC) biomasses and mixtures containing 50% of lignocellulosic biomasses from coconut husks and Acrocomia aculeata (macauba cake). Results showed that five basidiomycetes were able to grow in these substrates. F. hepatica, P. lecomtei, and P. pulmonarius presented the highest bio-detoxification capacity. All treatments showed a reduction in total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity, but treatments with coconut husks showed lower reductions. Results also indicated that there are molecules produced by basidiomycetes responsible for antioxidant activity other than phenolic compounds. These results indicated that basidiomycetes could detoxify JCS and CSC biomasses, suggesting their possible use in animal feed and that the addition of coconut husks in JSC and macauba cake in cottonseed cake can promote greater colonization by fungi.

Kualitas kimia dan organoleptik nugget ikan gabus melalui penambahan tepung kacang merah

Background: The addition of red bean flour is an alternative to increase protein content. Red bean nuggets also still have low protein content, it is necessary to add protein from animal sources. One of the high protein fish is snakehead fish which reaches 25.1% while 6.224% of the protein is in the form of albumin in synergy with the mineral Zn.Objective: The research objective was to measure the effect of adding red bean flour to the organoleptic test (color, texture, aroma, taste) of snakehead fish nuggets.Methods: Experimental research with a completely randomized design (CRD). Organoleptic tests at the Food Technology Laboratory of the Aceh Health Polytechnic Nutrition Department and chemical tests at the Food Analysis Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University and the Syah Kuala University Integrated Laboratory in March 2019, descriptive univariate analysis including frequency and percentage distribution, bivariate test with ANOVA test and Duncan's continued test.Results: The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the addition of red bean flour had a significant effect on organoleptic snakehead fish nuggets (p <0.05). Chemical test results, the highest protein content in treatment 50 grams (FA) = 11.93, the highest crude fiber content in treatment 50 grams (FA) = 2.52, the highest crude fat content in treatment 75 grams (FB) = 15.63, the highest ash content in treatment 100 grams (FC) = 2.04, the highest water content in treatment 50 grams (FA) = 45.63 and the highest carbohydrate content in treatment 50 grams (FC) = 32.05.Conclusion: The addition of red bean flour had a significant effect on the organoleptic snakehead fish nuggets. The highest levels of protein and carbohydrates and fiber content in snakehead fish nuggets was higher in the 50 gram (FA).

Wheat amino acid transporters highly expressed in grain cells regulate amino acid accumulation in grain

Amino acids are delivered into developing wheat grains to support the accumulation of storage proteins in the starchy endosperm, and transporters play important roles in regulating this process. RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, and promoter-GUS assays showed that three amino acid transporters are differentially expressed in the endosperm transfer cells (TaAAP2), starchy endosperm cells (TaAAP13), and aleurone cells and embryo of the developing grain (TaAAP21), respectively. Yeast complementation revealed that all three transporters can transport a broad spectrum of amino acids. RNAi-mediated suppression of TaAAP13 expression in the starchy endosperm did not reduce the total nitrogen content of the whole grain, but significantly altered the composition and distribution of metabolites in the starchy endosperm, with increasing concentrations of some amino acids (notably glutamine and glycine) from the outer to inner starchy endosperm cells compared with wild type. Overexpression of TaAAP13 under the endosperm-specific HMW-GS (high molecular weight glutenin subunit) promoter significantly increased grain size, grain nitrogen concentration, and thousand grain weight, indicating that the sink strength for nitrogen transport was increased by manipulation of amino acid transporters. However, the total grain number was reduced, suggesting that source nitrogen remobilized from leaves is a limiting factor for productivity. Therefore, simultaneously increasing loading of amino acids into the phloem and delivery to the spike would be required to increase protein content while maintaining grain yield.

Kandungan Protein Roti Tawar Dengan Subtitusi Tepung Ikan Gabus (Channa Striata)

Background : Malnutrition problem is still the top priority in Indonesia and one of focuses in the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) for 2020-2024. Riskesdas 2018, show the percentage of nutritional status of stunting under five age in Indonesia 2018 was 25.7%, in West Sulawesi Province was the second highest contributor for stunting children in Indonesia with prevalence 41.8%. One of the preventive efforts that can be done is through the development of food products. In this study, the development of white bread with the substitution of Channa Striata fish flour was expected to enrich the nutritional content of bread, especially protein. In this study, using Channa Striata fish because it has a higher protein content than other foodstuffs known as sources of protein such as eggs, chicken and beef. Apart from protein, Channa Striata fish also has a high albumin content which can be used in wound healing. This aims of this study to determine the protein content of white bread with the substitution of Channa Striata fish meal by 5% and 10% Methods : This type of research is an experimental study to determine the protein content in white bread with the substitution of Channa Striata fish meal by 5% and 10%. The analytical method used to assess protein content is the kjeidhal method, which is a simple method for determining total nitrogen in amino acids, proteins, and nitrogen-containing compounds. The test was carried out at Health Laboratory South Sulawesi. Results : The results showed that the protein content of white bread with a substitution of 5% was 9.03 grams, and a substitution of 10% was 10.38 grams. Conclusion : The conclusion of this study was even more substitution of Channa Striata fish flour used, will increase protein content in the white bread.

Karakteristik Mi Kering Substitusi Tepung Terigu dengan Tepung Labu Kuning dan Tepung Ikan Tuna

AbstrakMi kering merupakan produk yang digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini menyebabkan penggunaan tepung terigu dan impor gandum meningkat. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya bahan untuk substitusi tepung terigu, yaitu dengan labu kuning dan ikan tuna.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mensubstitusi sebagian tepung terigu dengan tepung labu kuning dan tepung ikan tuna terhadap sifat sensoris, fisik, dan kimia mi kering yang dihasilkan. Formulasi mi kering dibuat dengan rasio tepung terigu:tepung labu kuning: 100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40 dan tepung ikan tuna sebanyak 0–25%, serta analisis mi kering meliputi sensori, fisik, kimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mi kering yang masih dapat diterima panelis, yaitu mi kering dengan rasio 80:20(tepung terigu:tepung labu kuning) dan penambahan tepung ikan tuna sampai dengan 20%. Penambahan tepung ikan tuna sebesar 10-25% pada mi kering dapat meningkatkan daya serap air, tingkat pengembangan, cooking loss, dan menurunkan nilai kekerasan sertatensile strength. Mi kering dengan penambahan tepung ikan tuna hingga 20% mampu meningkatkan kandungan protein hingga 2,53 kali dibandingkan mi kering kontrol (tanpa penambahan tepung ikan tuna) dengan kadar protein sebesar 23,74% db. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan tepung ikan tuna sebagai sumber protein pada mi kering dapat dilakukan sampai dengan 20%.Dry Noodles Characteristics of Substitution Wheat Flour with Pumpkin and Tuna FlourAbstractDry noodles are a product that is favored by the most people in Indonesia. That causes the use of wheat flour and wheat imports to increase. Therefore it is necessary to have materials to substitute wheat flour, namely with pumpkin and tuna.The purpose of this study was to determine the partial substitution of wheat flour with pumpkin and tuna flour on the sensory, physical, and chemical properties of the dried noodles produced. The stages of the research included the making of pumpkin and tuna flour, dry noodles formulation with the ratio of wheat flour: pumpkin flour of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and tuna flour at the concentration of 0–25%. The analysis of dried noodles was sensory, physical, chemical. The results showed that dry noodles were still acceptable to panelists, namely dry noodles with a ratio of 80:20 (wheat flour: pumpkin flour) and the addition of tuna flour up to 20%. The addition of tuna flour by 10-25% to dry noodles couldincrease water absorption, expansion ratio, cooking loss, and reduce the value of hardness and tensile strength. Dry noodles with the addition of tuna flour up to 20% could increase protein content up to 2.53 times compared to dry noodles control (without tuna fish flour) with 23.74% db. As conclusion, the use of tuna flour as a protein source in dried noodles could be done up to 20%.

Economics of Wheat Breeding Strategies: Focusing on Oklahoma Hard Red Winter Wheat

Wheat breeding continues to be an important component of agricultural innovations in the Great Plains region of the US. This paper reviews Oklahoma’s wheat breeding program over the past several decades with an emphasis on the economic aspects and planning of future breeding strategies. Over the past century, Oklahoma’s wheat yields have increased but the productivity gains have been offset in part due to increased yield variability. The shift to improved wheat varieties has resulted in increased susceptibility to plant disease and pest pressure. While a few varieties introduced over the past few decades have dominated the wheat seed market, recent trends indicate producers are adopting a more diverse range of wheat varieties. Producers’ concerns have expanded beyond demands for high yielding varieties to include more market oriented needs to increase protein content and test weight. This paper identifies several key policy instruments that Oklahoma stakeholders and policy makers should consider when planning future breeding strategies. A critical need is to assist Oklahoma producers in adapting to climate change by developing drought and heat resistant wheat varieties. Marketing new varieties would be improved and revenue increased if more innovative pricing structures were adopted to better align producers’ willingness to pay with seed development costs, which could then be re-invested in breeding. Research budgets, which have remained stagnant in real terms, will need to be increased to adequately address producers’ needs into the 21st century.