Nutritional and lipid composition of Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare and Echinochloa frumentacea

The antidiabetic and hypoglycaemic effect of Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare and Echinochloa frumentacea has been explored and proved. The aim of this study was to investigate proximate, essential fatty acids and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare and Echinochloa frumentacea. These cereals not only help to prevent many diseases but also used as functional ingredients. This study includes the estimation of moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein, CHO, vitamin C, calcium of Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare and Echinochloa frumentaceawere determined by titerametric method and zinc, phosphorous and iron were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer method (AAS). Quantitative analysis of differential nutrient components was performed by standard methods and estimation of lipid profile were also done. Results indicate that protein and phosphorous of Avena sativa (13.7g/100g, 380.3mg/100g) Hordeum vulgare (11.5g/100g, 214.7mg/100g) and Echinochloa frumentacea(11g/100g, 281.6mg/100g) were observed to be higher. Thus, the study concluded that these cereals contain many differential nutrients component and minerals which plays an important role in nerve signal transmission, which is how your brain and muscles communicate. These cereals are packed with protein, antioxidants and nutrients. Furthermore, its gluten free, an excellent choice for peopleof celiac disease who follow a gluten free diet.

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF SARIVA PHANTA (HEMIDESMUS INDICUS R. BR.) IN THE TREATMENT OF MADHUMEHA (DIABETES MELLITUS OR TYPE II DIABETES) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS HYPOGLYCAEMIC EFFECT

Diabetes is a complex endocrine disease that affects more than 100 million of people worldwide (6% of the total population). The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus is increasing, despite multiple treatment options. Along with allopathic medications, several formulations or single forms of plant origin are employed in its treatment, especially in non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM). Herbal medications are effective, broad range of action, fewer adverse effects, and are relatively inexpensive, making them a suitable alternative. The aim of this study is to investigate hypoglycaemic effect of Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.) root phanta (teabag) in Madhumehi. The current trial is a randomised, parallel group interventional trial. After initial screening for inclusion criteria, 60 patients were enrolled and separated into 3 groups (20 patients each), which was conducted according to the International Conference on Harmonization-Good Clinical Practices Principles (ICH-GCP) or the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines and statistically analysed using the chi square test. Madhumeha had a better clinical outcome with the medication. The majority of vata-kaphaja prakriti had side effects such as constipation and nausea. Patients in the 40–50-year age group with Vataja-dosha derangement were found to be more prone to DM-2. In married mostly in males, there is a greater preponderance. Madhura, snigdha guṇa relieves vata, Tikta rasa relieves kapha, meda duṣya, sheeta virya relieves pitta; Hence it has tridoṣatmaka activity, which is beneficial in the treatment of Madhumeha. Sariva in the form of teabag has kaphaghna, vataghna, kandhughna (curing pruritus), meha durgandhi nashan, sarvamehahara properties. Thus, it collectively acts in Madhumeha.

Exogenous D-β-Hydroxybutyrate Lowers Blood Glucose by Decreasing the Availability of L-Alaninefor Gluconeogenesis

BackgroundInterventions that acutely increase blood ketone concentrations simultaneously lower blood glucose levels, although the explanation for this phenomenon is unknown. The hypoglycaemic effect of acute ketosis is greater in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in whom gluconeogenesis contributes significantly to hyperglycaemia. L-alanine is a gluconeogenic substrate secreted by skeletal muscle at higher levels in people with T2D. As infusion of ketones lower circulating L-alanine blood levels, we sought to determine whether supplementation with L-alanine would attenuate the hypoglycaemic effect of an exogenous ketone ester (KE) supplement.MethodsThis crossover study involved 10 healthy human volunteers who fasted for 24 hours prior to the ingestion of 25 g of D-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in the form of a KE drink (ΔG®) on two separate visits. During one of the visits participants additionally ingested 2 g of L-alanine to see if L-alanine supplementation would attenuate the hypoglycaemic effect of the KE drink. Blood L-alanine, L-glutamine, glucose, βHB, free fatty acids (FFA), lactate, and C-peptide were measured every fifteen minutes for 120 minutes after ingestion of the KE, with or without L-alanine.FindingsThe KE drinks elevated blood βHB concentrations from negligible levels to 4.5 ± 1.24 mmol/L, lowered glucose from 4.97 to 3.77 ± 0.4 mmol/L, and lowered and L-alanine from 0.56 to 0.41 ± 0.9 mmol/L. L-alanine in the KE drink elevated blood L-Alanine to 0.68 ± mmol/L, but had no significant effect on blood βHB, L-glutamine, FFA, lactate, nor C-peptide concentrations. By contrast, L-alanine supplementation significantly attenuated the ketosis-induced drop in glucose from 28% to 16% (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe hypoglycaemic effect of acutely elevated βHB is partially due to βHB decreasing L-alanine availability as a substrate for gluconeogenesis.

Exogenous D-β-Hydroxybutyrate Lowers Blood Glucose by Decreasing the Availability of L-Alanine for Gluconeogenesis

BackgroundInterventions that acutely increase blood ketone concentrations simultaneously lower blood glucose levels, although the explanation for this phenomenon is unknown. The hypoglycaemic effect of acute ketosis is greater in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in whom gluconeogenesis contributes significantly to their hyperglycaemia. One gluconeogenic substrate secreted by skeletal muscle at higher levels in people with T2D is L-alanine. Infusion of ketones lowers circulating L-alanine blood levels, so here we sought to determine whether supplementation with L-alanine would attenuate the hypoglycaemic effect of a ketone ester (KE) drink. MethodsThis crossover study involved two separate visits for 10 healthy human volunteers who fasted for 24 hours prior to the ingestion of 25 g of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) monoester (ΔG®). During one of the visits participants ingested 2 g of L-alanine. Blood L-alanine, L-glutamine, glucose, βHB, free fatty acids (FFA), lactate, and C-peptide were measured. FindingsThe KE drinks elevated blood βHB concentrations from negligible to 4.5 ± 1.24 mM/l, and lowered both glucose, from 4.97 to 3.77 ± 0.4 mM/l, and L-alanine from 0.56 to 0.41 ± 0.9 mM/l. L-alanine in the KE drink elevated blood L-Alanine to 0.56 ± mM/l, but had no significant effect on blood βHB, L-glutamine, FFA, lactate, or C-peptide concentrations. Preventing the KE-induced decrease in L-alanine by supplementing it significantly attenuated the glucose drop from mean 28% to 16% (p<0.001). (Illustrated in Figure 1).ConclusionsThe hypoglycaemic effect of acutely elevated βHB is, at least partially, due to βHB decreasing L-alanine availability as a substrate for gluconeogenesis.