THE MICROWAVE MONITORING OF THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE OZONE ON KOLA PENINSULA DURING LAST THREE WINTERS

This work presents long-term investigation of a nature of the middle atmosphere ozone variability using a method ground-based microwave radiometry. Measurements were carried out with the help of mobile microwave ozonemeter (observation frequency 110836.04 MHz) which was established in Polar Geophysical Institute at Apatity (67N, 33E). The parameters of the device allow to measure a spectrum of the emission ozone line for time about 15 min with a precision of ~ 2%. The error of estimating the vertical distribution of ozone on the measured spectra by above described device does not exceed 10-15%. On the measured spectra were appreciated of ozone vertical profiles in the layer of 22 – 60 km which were compared to satellite data MLS/Aura and with the data of ozonesondes at station Sodankyla (67N, 27E). The analysis of the microwave data on behavior of polar mesospheric ozone in past winters shows, that sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) can cause significant and long influence on its diurnal variation which should be determined by photochemical processes.

Results of microwave monitoring of middle atmosphereozone in polar latitudes for two winter seasons 2017-2018 and 2018-2019.

We present data continuous series of microwave observations of the middle atmosphere in winters 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. In each of these winters sudden stratospheric warming were marked.Measurements were carried out with the help of mobile ozonemeter (observation frequency 110836.04 MHz), which was established at Polar Geophysical Institute in Apatity (67N, 33E). The parameters of the device allow to measure a spectrum of the ozone emission line for time about 15 min a precision of 2%. On the measured spectra were appreciated of ozone vertical profiles in the layer of 22 60 km which were compared to satellite data MLS/Aura and with the data of ozonesonde at station Sodankyla (67N, 27E). The microwave data on the behavior of mesospheric ozone (altitude 60 km) indicate the presence of bothphotochemical and dynamic components in its changes.

RESEARCH OF EFFICIENCY OF NANOSIZED POWDERED ICE-FORMING REAGENTS

The article discusses nanosized powdery ice-forming reagents, which are supposed to be used in the works on active action on clouds in order to regulate precipitation and hail suppression, as well as to dissipate supercooled fog. These ice-forming reagents have been obtained by the levilite method, in which a layer of silver iodide is deposited on the surface of nanosilica particles. Description of the methodology for studying the effectiveness of nanosized powdery ice-forming reagents, as well as the results of laboratory studies of their effectiveness obtained in different organizations is given. The results of studies of ice-forming reagents carried out at laboratories of RPA “Typhoon”, High-Mountain Geophysical Institute, JSC “Cheboksary production association n.a. V.I. Chapaev” and ANO “Agency of atmospheric technologies” have shown that the efficiency of these reagents differs significantly from those obtained earlier in the Central Aerological Observatory. It has been suggested that the low efficiency of nanosized ice-forming reagents is due to the high aggregation of the original nanosilicum particles, resulting from the high surface activity of these particles. Possible ways to reduce the degree of aggregation of powders by modifying the surface of the original nanoparticles aimed at decreasing the high activity of the nanosilica particles surface are discussed.

VIII ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY

С 23 по 27 сентября 2019 г. в г. Нальчик состоялась VIII Всероссийская конференция по атмосферному электричеству. Конференция была организована Российской академией наук, Военно-космической академией имени А.Ф. Можайского (ВКА им. А.Ф. Можайского) и Высокогорным геофизическим институтом Росгидромета (ВГИ). В данной статье описана работа конференции и приведены некоторые положения из решения конференции. From September 23 to September 27, 2019, the VIII All-Russian Conference on Atmospheric Electricity was held in Nalchik. The conference was organized by the Russian Academy of Sciences, the A.F. Mozhaisk (All-Russian Academy of Sciences named after AF Mozhaisk) and the High Mountain Geophysical Institute of Roshydromet (VGI). This article describes the work of the conference and some of the provisions of the conference decision.

Estimated nitric oxide density in auroras from ground-based photometric data

In this paper, we numerically estimate the nitric oxide density in auroras, using photometric data on 427.8, 557.7, and 630.0 nm emission intensities. The data were obtained at midnight at observatories of the Polar Geophysical Institute. These estimates were made using a numerical modeling procedure with a time-dependent model of the auroral ionosphere [Dashkevich et al., 2017]. It is shown that the NO density in the maximum of the altitude profile is between (1÷3.3)∙10^8 cm–3. The obtained estimates indicate the absence of a correlation between the [NO]max values and 427.8 nm emission intensities.

Estimated nitric oxide density in auroras from ground-based photometric data

In this paper, we numerically estimate the nitric oxide density in auroras, using photometric data on 427.8, 557.7, and 630.0 nm emission intensities. The data were obtained at midnight at observatories of the Polar Geophysical Institute. These estimates were made using a numerical modeling procedure with a time-dependent model of the auroral ionosphere [Dashkevich et al., 2017]. It is shown that the NO density in the maximum of the altitude profile is between (1÷3.3)∙10^8 cm–3. The obtained estimates indicate the absence of a correlation between the [NO]max values and 427.8 nm emission intensities.

Ecuador’s El Reventador Volcano Continually Remakes Itself

A research team from Ecuador’s Geophysical Institute keeps a close eye on an unusually active and unstable volcano in the nation’s remote jungles.

Peculiarities of soft gamma-radiation variations in the atmosphere

Soft gamma-radiation (20-400 keV) arriving from the atmosphere is being monitored by Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI), Apatity, Russia, at several stations located between Spitsbergen and the Causases. In Apatity and Spitsbergen, it has been carried out for ten years already. Detectors of the same type with output integral channels > 20 keV and > 100 keV are used. All the stations record increases in the gammaradiation flux, which are sometimes as high as 100%. These increases occur all the year round, in winter and summer and are recorded at all the stations. A great database on these increases has been used to analyze their characteristics. The detector used in Apatity, is integrated into a complex set carrying out monitoring over the main components of the secondary cosmic rays. According to the earlier experiments, no radioactive contamination has been found in precipitation. The integral and differential data have been analyzed to reveal the peculiarities of the phenomenon studied.

Comparison of Numerical Simulations of the Electron Density in the D-Region Ionosphere with Measurements of the Radar of Partial Reflections

The paper reports results of a comparison of the measured electron density in the ionospheric D-region measured using the partial reflection facility at the observatory. Tumanny of the Polar Geophysical Institute (69.0°N, 35.7°E) with numerical simulations performed using the theoretical model of the Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI) (Murmansk, Russian Federation). The model was examined using experimental data obtained under quiet geomagnetic conditions in March, 2017. The comparative analysis carried out in this study shows a very good agreement of the PGI model with experimental data and indicates that the IRI-2016 model fails to adequately reproduce measurements in regions with high electron density gradients.

Development of Methods of Active Influence on the Processes of Precipitation Formation in Clouds in Order to Solve Environmental and Economic Problems

The paper discusses some approaches to the development of methods of active influence on clouds, which develop in the High-Mountain geophysical institute. We considered the problems of determination in the cloud the region in which to make the particles of the reactants, concentration of these particles, the beginning and completion of seeding. Such questions should be solved on the basis of numerical modeling of clouds. The most common approach to the development of methods of active influence on clouds is a simulation of different variants of any particles of reagent in the cloud and choose the most effective one from the point of view of achieving the objectives of impact compared to a natural development of the cloud. Another approach to the development of the method of sedimentation control in the clouds is to consider this problem in the framework of optimal control theory. Despite the difficulties in implementing this approach, it is very effective and produces optimal results.