Modifying and Micro-Alloying Effect on Carbon Steels Microstructure

Small additives of elements exhibiting high chemical activity with respect to iron and impurities, included in its composition, have a complex effect on the structure and properties of steel. Moreover, as a result of the modifying and refining effect of micro-additives, the amount, dispersion and morphology of nonmetallic inclusions change, and when alloying the matrix, hardenability, uniformity of structure and resistance to brittle fracture of steels change, too. The article presents a metallographic analysis of carbon steel deoxidized by a complex Са – Ва alloy. Deoxidation of steel using the complex Са – Ва alloy allows significant reducing the content of nonmetallic inclusions, modifying residual nonmetallic inclusions into favorable complexes with their uniform distribution in the volume of steel, and significant increasing the mechanical properties of steel. The high surface activity of barium makes it possible to consider barium as a rather effective modifier. The use of barium in alloys leads to grinding of non-metallic inclusions, homogenization of liquid metal, lowering the liquidus temperature, grinding of primary grains of cast steel, and increasing technological ductility.

Investigation an environmentally friendly method under magnetic field as a green solvent for the synthesis of brookite phase nanoparticles at room temperature

TiO2 nanoparticles in the brookite phase were synthesized within an environmentally friendly method by magnetized water obtained by the US-patent magnetizing device (US10507450B2), which changes the properties of all types of the solvents with no limitation (protic or aprotic). Furthermore, this study is the first report on the synthesis of brookite TiO2 nanoparticle through magnetized water at room temperature. The procedure was tested by five different water; ordinary, 15, 30, 45, and 60min-magnetized water. The products were analyzed by various techniques including XRD, FESEM, ICP, BJH-plot, t-plot, Langmuir plot, BET, TEM, and FTIR. The result showed that the products obtained from 30 min-magnetized water were the most properly indexed TiO2 brookite phase with high surface activity. This sample could be a suitable green photocatalyst.

A novel biosensor based on Blu-ray disc coating film for determination of total amino acid content in tea leaves

The novel biosensor substrate material based on a simple BD coating film displayed preferable merits with high surface activity, low cost, easy making, easy using, and extensive application prospect.

In situ quantitative study of the phase transition in surfactant adsorption layers at the silica–water interface using total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy

Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (DDAO) shows high surface activity with two distinct energy states at the hydrophilic silica/aqueous solution interface studied by total internal reflection (TIR) Raman spectroscopy combined with ratiometric and kinetic analysis.

Nitrogen-doped graphene/graphitic carbon nitride with enhanced charge separation and two-electron-transferring reaction activity for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production

Pyrrolic nitrogen-doped graphenes with high surface activity of selective catalysis boost the photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production of graphitic carbon nitride.

Production and Application of Biosurfactants in Biotechnology

Biosurfactants possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas and are generated on the microbial membrane or excreted over the outer membrane. Amphipathicity leads to reduce strength and interfacial tension between the individual molecules on the surface and the two-state immiscible sector. Regarding the low critical micelle concentration (CMC) and high surface activity, biosurfactants can be effective alternatives to their synthetic equal one. Plant-based oils and fats are used in biosurfactants production. Many wastes are produced by the oil and grease industries, tallow, residual oils, marine oils, soapstock, burnt oils, and Manipura. The operation of industrial fatty acid excesses is promising for expansion and transformation. Via making various substances like olive oil mill, acid, whey, and molasses, the agro-industry can ease biosurfactant creation. Biosurfactants have many advantages over chemical production, involving capable of decomposition higher by bacteria or living organisms, less poison, environmental concordance, higher foaming, and the rate of its selection is higher. They can also adjust to the highest salinity, pH, and temperatures and can be produced out of renewable materials, resulting in an increased demand for biosurfactants. Bioemulsifiers and biosurfactants (BSs) have various applications and are a considerable character in many industrial fields, as well as biotechnological features, including pollutant biodegradation, microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR), and pharmaceutics. This review the latest information and improvement in biosurfactant application and development for more output and future applicability.

Synthesis of olephilic aminoester from the triglyceride of soybean oil and methyldyethanolamine

The aminoester of the mixture of soybean oil’s fatty acids has been obtained through the interaction of methyldyethanolamine with triglycerides. The composition and structure of obtained aminoester have been identified via the IR-spectroscopy. High surface activity of aminoester on the water-air boundary has been revealed with the strain measuring and its colloid-chemical parameters calculated as well. The electrical conductivity of aminoester in various concentrations of agent’s water solutions has been studied via conductometric method. The laboratory researches justified that the aminoester and its 5 % water solutions have high oil-collecting property in the waters of different mineralization degree.

RESEARCH OF EFFICIENCY OF NANOSIZED POWDERED ICE-FORMING REAGENTS

The article discusses nanosized powdery ice-forming reagents, which are supposed to be used in the works on active action on clouds in order to regulate precipitation and hail suppression, as well as to dissipate supercooled fog. These ice-forming reagents have been obtained by the levilite method, in which a layer of silver iodide is deposited on the surface of nanosilica particles. Description of the methodology for studying the effectiveness of nanosized powdery ice-forming reagents, as well as the results of laboratory studies of their effectiveness obtained in different organizations is given. The results of studies of ice-forming reagents carried out at laboratories of RPA “Typhoon”, High-Mountain Geophysical Institute, JSC “Cheboksary production association n.a. V.I. Chapaev” and ANO “Agency of atmospheric technologies” have shown that the efficiency of these reagents differs significantly from those obtained earlier in the Central Aerological Observatory. It has been suggested that the low efficiency of nanosized ice-forming reagents is due to the high aggregation of the original nanosilicum particles, resulting from the high surface activity of these particles. Possible ways to reduce the degree of aggregation of powders by modifying the surface of the original nanoparticles aimed at decreasing the high activity of the nanosilica particles surface are discussed.

Study of hydrophobin-type proteins from Funalia trogii

Hydrophobins are low-molecular surface-active proteins of fungi with high surface activity and the ability to self-assemble at the interface. The unusual properties of hydrophobins open up possibilities for their application in various fields, including medicine and the food industry. The wide range of possible applications of hydrophobins makes it important to develop and improve technology for their isolation and purification. The aim of the study was to select methods for the extraction of hydrophobin-type proteins and to study the ability of the obtained extracts to modify the solid surface. The source of hydrophobins in this study was the biomass of the fungus Funalia trogii. Methods for the isolation of hydrophobin-type proteins were developed, including purification of the extract from ballast proteins, followed by the destruction of agglomerates of hydrophobin-type proteins using acids in high concentrations. The surface activity and the ability to modify the surface of the obtained proteins were evaluated. As a result, we obtained extracts containing hydrophobin-type proteins with high surface activity. Funalia trogii extracts are capable of changing the hydrophobicity of the surface and can be used in various industries.