Correspondence P.A. Pletnev and J.K. Grot as a source on the history of universities and university links in the first half of the XIX century

The article examines various forms and mechanisms of academic interaction that developed between the universities of the Russian Empire, namely between St. Petersburg and Helsingfors (Alexander) universities. This interaction is reflected in the correspondence of two professors-philologists: P. A. Pletnev and J. K. Grot, which served in 1840–1853 at the University of Helsingfors. The results of inter-university communication include the organization of the Russian language department at Alexander University with the participation of Russian professors and teachers, the participation of professors and students of one university in commemorative practices of another (anniversary celebrations, solemn acts), the exchange of scientific and educational literature, organized expert activities, academic migrations, although relatively few in number. An analysis of the forms of cooperation reflected in the confidential personal correspondence of representatives of the two universities reveals the similarities and differences between the two models of the university — the imperial, based the capital and the territorial university, which was the Alexander University in the Grand Duchy of Finland. The observations are based on materials from the correspondence of P. A. Pletnev with J. K. Grot, both published in the 19th century, and archival ones — from the Pletnev fund at the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushkin House). In addition, documents of university and departmental office work were also involved. The main source under study reflects not only the details of the biographies and characters of both correspondents, but also the peculiarities of everyday academic life, university administration, professorial life, the moods of both correspondents, which change depending on the academic and political situation. The correspondence between the two professors provides an insight into the relationships and conflicts within academic corporations at St. Petersburg and Helsingfors universities. It is important that these relations and events were reflected in the source directly and synchronously with their flow.

PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD OF THE STUDY OF ACADEMIC STAFFS OF THE UNIVERSITIES IN NADDNIPRYANSKA UKRAINE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE ХІХTH – BEGINNING OF THE ХХTH CENTURY

The article analyzes the first – pre-revolutionary period of the research process of academic staffs of the universities in Naddnipryanska Ukraine of the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX century, which allowed to determine the state of study and basic methods, concepts and views of researchers on the development and formation of scientific and pedagogical teams of Naddnipryanska Ukraine, their scientific and professional responsibilities. It is determined that the first initial period – pre-revolutionary – is characterized by the appearance of the first analytical investigations analyzing the University Statute of 1863 and 1884. The works contain materials on the government and the Ministry of Education, the history of Kyiv, Kharkiv and Novorossiysk universities, contains an analysis of some aspects of the organization of educational, scientific work, elimination of student performances, etc. The history of universities, the composition of scientific and pedagogical workers becomes the subject of research of representatives of the scientific intelligentsia of the Naddnipryanska Ukraine, prominent figures of public life. From the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX century publications appear on certain issues of the organization of university education in the post-reform era and social, economic and social life of representatives of scientific and pedagogical teams. The thesis is substantiated that the pre-revolutionary period of historiography of dissertation research can be called a period of accumulation of historical facts range of sources and issues of historical research on the history of universities of the Naddnipryanska Ukraine in the second half of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries.Key words: historiography, university, higher education, academic staff, scientific intelligentsia, Naddnipryanska Ukraine. У статті проаналізовано перший – дореволюційний період процесу дослідження академічних штатів університетів Наддні-прянської України другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ століття, які дозволили визначити стан вивчення проблеми та основні методи, концепції та погляди дослідників на розвиток і формування науково-педагогічних колективів університетів Наддні-прянської України та виконання ними їх науково-професійних обов’язків. Визначено, що перший початковий період – дореволюційний – характеризується появою перших аналітичних розвідок з аналізом дії Університетського статуту 1863 й 1884 рр. У роботах містяться матеріали щодо огляду діяльності уряду та Мініс-терства народної освіти, історії заснування Київського, Харківського та Новоросійського університетів, міститься аналіз окремих моментів організації навчальної, наукової роботи, ліквідації студентських виступів тощо. Історія університетів, склад науково-педагогічних працівників стає предметом дослідження представників наукової інтелігенції Наддніпрянщини, видатних діячів громадського життя. У кінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. з’являються публікації, присвячені окремим питанням організації університетської освіти в пореформену добу та соціального, економічного і суспільного життя представників науково-педагогічних колективів.Обґрунтовано тезу про те, що дореволюційний період історіографії дисертаційного дослідження можна назвати періодом накопичення історичних фактів, формування кола джерел і проблематики історичних досліджень з історії університетів Наддніпрянської України другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Ключові слова: історіографія, університет, вища освіта, науково-педагогічні працівники, наукова інтелігенція, Наддніпрянська Україна.

History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1

This book’s chapters contain a mix of analysis and discussion looking in depth at the history of higher education. This text presents a global history of research education in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Chapters cover topics such as how disciplines are formed and research training, the rise of academic laboratory science, research mathematicians circa 1900 and research training in the humanities in British universities from 1870 to 1939. Other subjects include training language scholars between 1920 and 1940, training researchers in Ibero-Amerca, inventing laboratory science in Meiji Japan, and Chinese physics researchers in the period 1927-1941. The book includes an introduction and conclusion by Kevin Chang and Alan Rocke.

A Distant Reading of Legal Dissertations from German Universities in the Seventeenth Century

Scholars and students at early modern European universities wrote hundreds of thousands of dissertations. One reason why these sources have long been neglected is that they defy any individual's capacity for close reading. This article adopts a digital distant reading approach to uncover long-term trends in the titles of over 20,000 legal dissertations written at German universities during the seventeenth century. Providing a pathway into a forbidding archive, the article highlights the dissertations’ interest for the history of jurisprudence and its receptiveness to social change, the history of universities and academic publishing, baroque rhetoric, and cultural, political, and economic history. The titles reveal a markedly declining interest in civil law, with topical issues like debt and marriage eluding this trend. Initially, dissertations were often written in dialogic form, but these were gradually supplanted by more single-voiced and monographic texts. Jurists increasingly preferred sharply delineated, diverse, and often original subjects, writing about anything from somnambulism to pearl fishing. The way in which seventeenth-century jurists expanded the scope of their writing reflects broader revaluations of scholarly curiosity and baroque polyhistorism as well as the heightened stature of an epistemic community that interpreted ever more spheres of life through its own categories.

Introduction

This monographic issue of History of Universities presents new materials and case studies in order to deepen our understanding of the role of the academic milieu in the early modern reshaping of natural philosophy. The contributions included in this volume aim to pursue two main axes of research: (1) the reconstruction and exploration of the dialectics between tradition and innovation in the reshaping of natural philosophy; (2) the attempt to constitute and consolidate new traditions in natural philosophy. This introduction presents the general topic of the volume, the methodological approach developed by the contributors and the contents of each contribution.

History of Universities Volume XXXIII/2

This book on the history of universities presents new materials and case studies in order to deepen understanding of the role of the academic milieu in the early modern reshaping of natural philosophy. The chapters included in this volume aim to pursue two main axes of research: the reconstruction and exploration of the dialectics between tradition and innovation in the reshaping of natural philosophy; the attempt to constitute and consolidate new traditions in natural philosophy. The introduction presents the general topic of the volume, the methodological approach developed by the contributors, and the contents of each contribution.

Les Universitats i la seva història. Algunes reflexions

Resum: En aquest article es fa un estat de la qüestió sobre la història de la Universitats amb un estudi comparatiu de les Universitats de la Corona d’Aragó i, en particular, de les catalanes, amb les Universitats castellanes. S’examina la problemàtica institucional amb les tensions entre l’Església, la Monarquia i els Municipis pel control universitari, la població estudiantil, l’oferta cultural, en les diverses Facultats, l’estructura econòmica, la càrrega docent i la presumpta «revolució educativa» des de la segona meitat de segle xvi. S’analitza, d’altra banda, el període de la decadència final de les Universitats catalanes i la significació de Cervera amb el debat entre jesuïtes i dominics al voltant de la Universitat creada per Felip V i el paper de centres culturals alternatius com l’Acadèmia de Sant Tomàs o l’Acadèmia de Bones Lletres de Barcelona. Paraules clau: Història de les Universitats, problemàtica institucional, càrrega docent, revolució educativa segle xvi, Cervera al segle XVIII Abstract: This article presents a state of the art on the history of Universities with a comparative study of the Universities of the Crown of Aragon and particularly of the Universities of the Crown of Aragon.The institutional problem is examined with the tensions between the Church, the Monarchy and the Municipalities by the university control, the student population, the cultural supply, in the diverse Faculties, the economic structure, the teaching load and the alleged «revolution educational» of the second half of the 16th century. It also analyses the period of the final decay of the Catalan Universities and the significance of Cervera with the debate between Jesuits and Dominicans around the University, create by Philip V, and the role of alternative cultural centres such as the one. Academia de Sant Tomàs or the Academy of Good Letters of Barcelona. Keywords: History of universities, institutional problems, teaching load, educational revolution sixteenth century, Cervera in the 18th century

History of Universities

This issue of the history of universities contains, as usual, an interesting mix of learned articles and book reviews covering topics related to the history of higher education. The volume combines original research and reference material. This issue includes articles on the topics of Alard Palenc; Joseph Belcher and Latin at Harvard; Queens College in Massachusetts; and university reform in Europe. The text includes a review essay as well as the usual book reviews.