Political Mobilization Strategies in Taiwan's Sunflower Student Movement on March 18, 2014

Taiwan's Sunflower Student Movement on March 18, 2014 has been characterized as a social movement with its sophisticated integration of social and mobile media into mobilizing Taiwanese society through participant recruitment and resource mobilization domestically and globally. Ample research has contributed the roles of these emerging media platforms as one of the main reasons for its success. This study was based on resource mobilization theory (RMT) to examine the roles of new communication technologies on mobilizing resources. This chapter focuses on the resource mobilization strategies by activists and organizations of the 318 Sunflower Student Movement. A large-scale text mining study was developed to examine how cross-national English media have described this social movement in Taiwan. Results and implications were discussed.

Understanding Emerging Media: Voice, Agency, and Precarity in the Post-2011 Arab Mediasphere

The decade following the 2010–2011 Arab uprisings saw a flourishing of emerging media organisations across the region. The most recognisable examples of these new independent media actors include <em>Enab Baladi</em> in Syria, <em>Mada Masr</em> in Egypt, and Inkyfada in Tunisia. However, this phenomenon comprises a much more diverse set of actors from small-scale associative radio stations in Tunisia to numerous exilic Syrian media outlets. Building on previous research as well as recent fieldwork in Tunisia and Turkey, this article is an attempt to make sense of the genesis, development, and relevance of this new class of media actors. We argue that these emerging media organisations can be seen to represent specific interventions into the politics of voice in their various national and local contexts, but ones that share similar logics. To elucidate this argument, we propose a multi-dimensional understanding of these interventions that brings together voices (actors, issues, discourses), modalities of voice (organisational models, values, production value), and the underlying political economy of these emerging media (funding, institutionalisation). However, the article also argues that these interventions, and the logics they share, themselves belie a complex interaction between the political and professional agency and precarity of these media organisations and the individuals, and groups, behind them. We believe that combining these two perspectives is a necessary step for a more nuanced understanding of the nature and practice of these emerging media organisations.

The Political Environment of the Cities of Northern Kazakhstan at the Cusp of the 19th-20th Centuries

Cities of the northern part of Kazakhstan at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries had played the role of administrative units for a long period; however, the gradual development of the urban environment and the integration of the cities of the national outskirts into the system of socio-economic relations of the empire led to the formation cooperation of a citizen not only in the economic aspect, but also, in the political aspects. The research attempted to analyze the processes associated with the formation of a political space in a colonial city, where representatives of the national intelligentsia were the subjects, and the emerging media and public spaces were the tools. The author insists that the political component of the city had developed in the context of the all-Russian political situation. The systemic crisis in all spheres of the state's life demanded new formats of their rights struggle. Under these conditions, the intelligentsia takes the initiative and develops its own style of struggle, expressed in the creation of newspapers, which will later become the print organs of the parties. For example, the newspaper "Kazakh" will become the official organ of the Alash party. Thus, the author argues that the formation of the political space in the colonial city is the result of the activities of the intelligentsia. The article uses the data of the regional archives of Kostanay, Petropavlovsk and NurSultan cities. One of the methods of this research was the historical and genetic one, which allows considering the problems in its development and identifying patterns. The use of the historical-comparative method revealed differences in the development of Kazakhstan historiography.

Investigating News Sources and Effective Factors in Their Selection among Faculty Members of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Academics are among the most influential and important citizens in the culture and scientific security of a society. As a result, this study was based on the hypothesis that the existence of a constant concern about the effect of emerging media provides the ground for misleading this group. Methods: This research is a descriptive-survey study. A total of 101 professors from North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling and entered into the study. The data collection tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. The initial questionnaire was prepared based on the study of texts and review of various sources. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity method was used. Data analysis was performed by SPSS16 statistical software using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: Among the participants, 36 were female and 65 were male, 68 were married and 29 were single. Also, in terms of academic rank, the majority of the subjects had the academic rank of instructor or assistant professor. In terms of the use of social networks to obtain news and information, the findings showed that about 48% of the subjects used Telegram messenger as a source of their news and information. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be stated that the rate of national news follow-up by the studied units has exceeded the follow-up of provincial and international news.

The Digital World of Sport: The Impact of Emerging Media on Sports News, Information and Journalism, Sam Duncan (2020)

Review of: The Digital World of Sport: The Impact of Emerging Media on Sports News, Information and Journalism, Sam Duncan (2020) London: Anthem Press, 176 pp., ISBN 978-1-78527-505-0, h/bk, $125.00 ISBN 978-1-78527-507-4, ebk, $40.00

Mapping the intermedia agenda setting (IAS) literature

This study systematically reviewed empirical intermedia agenda setting (IAS) research published between 1997 and 2019 in terms of the level of agenda-setting, the methodologies – including the coding strategies and time-series analytical techniques – the types of media, and the flow of IAS effects. According to our results, previous IAS studies exhibited the following trends: (1) an overwhelming majority of the IAS studies was anchored by the first agenda-setting level, whilst examinations of the NAS model and multiple levels have increased in recent years; (2) excessive IAS studies performed content analyses, (3) applied manual coding strategies, (4) conducted cross-lagged correlation analyses to examine time-series effects, (5) and focused on newspapers and Twitter; (6) most IAS research confirmed the flow from one traditional media to another traditional media, whereas more recent studies also revealed the flow from traditional to emerging media, and their reciprocal relationship; (7) the majority of IAS studies confirmed the elite-to-non-elite flow of IAS effects. Based on these findings, this study encourages futures IAS researchers to attach more importance to (1) contextual diversity, (2) balanced examinations of each agenda-setting level, (3) methodological innovations, (4) technological pluralism, and (5) providing more evidence for the flow of IAS effects across different types of media.