ANALISA PERFORMA KOLOM DISTILASI (105D4) DI FATTY ACID PLANT-1 PT. DOMAS AGROINTI PRIMA DENGAN SIMULASI ASPEN HYSYS

Fatty acid adalah salah satu bagian dari produk industri oleochemical. Salah satu industri hilir yang bergerak pada produksi fatty acid (asam lemak) adalah PT. Domas Agrointi Prima. Pada PT. Domas Agrointi Prima fatty acid diproduksi di fatty acid-1 plant. Untuk menghasilkan fatty acid yang sesuai spesifikasi pasar, maka perlu dilakukannya proses pemisahan dan pemurnian pada kolom distilasi/fraksinasi. Salah satu produk utama pada fatty acid-1 plant adalah fatty acid yang banyak mengandung asam oleat (C18:1) yang dipisahkan dan dimurnikan pada kolom distilasi 105D4. Penelitian ini menganalisa performa kolom distilasi 105D4 pada fatty acid-1 plant PT. Domas Agrointi Prima dengan mensimulasikan proses pemisahan dan pemurnian fatty acid ke dalam aspen hysys dengan mentuning variabel suhu top column, suhu side column, suhu bottom column, pressure top dan pressure bottom yang bermaksud untuk meninjau laju alir fatty acid yang berhasil dikeluarkan pada setiap aliran, yield fatty acid aliran destilat, dan konsentrasi asam oleat pada aliran destilat untuk mendapatkan performa yang paling optimal dari kinerja kolom distilasi 105D4 dalam proses pemisahan dan pemurnian fatty acid. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yield produk fatty acid pada distillate stream yang paling maksimal didapatkan pada run ke 6 yaitu sebesar 99,22%. Konsentrasi asam oleat pada produk yang keluar melalui distillate stream yang paling maksimal didapatkan pada run ke 6 yaitu sebesar 57,95%. Kondisi operasi kolom distilasi 105D4 yang paling optimal didapatkan pada simulasi run ke 6, dimana untuk suhu top column sebesar 189,35 oC , suhu side column sebesar 210,65 oC, suhu bottom column sebesar 223,69 oC, tekanan top column sebesar 9,58 mBar dan tekanan bottom column sebesar 11,87 mBar.

Reaction Sequences in Flash Smelting and Converting Furnaces: An In-depth View

Flash smelting and flash converting are mature technologies in copper and nickel sulfide smelting. The sensitivity of operation concerning the furnace design is evident. It is obvious that when two unit operations are carried out in separate spaces in the same furnace, skills related to maintenance of suspension oxidation of fine minerals, fluxing, fluid as well as heat flows and the overall energy balance are required. Despite these fundamental features, the flow-sheet wide understanding of linking the suspension oxidation of sulfides with the subsequent smelting processes in the furnace as well as the chemistry of its off-gas train is largely absent in the scientific literature. This review gives a detailed outlook on the microscale phenomena in flash smelting and flash converting furnaces accumulated during the last decades. It connects their vital features and chemistries with the reaction tendencies and heat fluxes in the different parts and reaction zones of the furnace as well as in the off-gas train from the smelter to the acid plant. Graphic Abstract

Behaviour of lead and selenium during sequential sodium carbonate and nitric acid leaching of slime generated by the sulphuric acid plant of the Balkhash copper smelter

This paper examines the process of selenium precipitation from the slime generated by the sulphuric acid plant of the Balkhash Copper Smelter. Contrary to similar tailings generated by non-ferrous metals industry, such slime has a high concentration of selenium (12.5–4.6 wt. %). By utilizing it in the production process, one can raise the output of selenium by more than 30% compared with the amount of selenium recovered by the smelter from copper anode slimes. The slime that was used in the experiments had been separated from the slurry produced as a result of scrubbing of metallurgical gases generated by copper smelting and matte converting processes. The slime was rinsed with water to remove sulphuric acid from it and then dried at 105 oC. With the help of new-generation analytical equipment, the slime was analyzed for qualitative, quantitative and material compositions. 15 elements with significantly varying concentrations were detected. The main components include lead (51.17 wt. %) and selenium (12.49 wt. %), which are present in the form of lead sulphates and elemental selenium. Other lead and mercury compounds are also present as disseminations – i.e. different salts of selenium acids. Considering the forms in which lead and selenium are mainly found in the slime, lead was initially converted into carbonates by sodium carbonate leaching, and then nitric acid was used to make lead transfer from the cake into the solution. The authors looked at the effect produced by the sodium carbonate concentration (50–200 g/dm3), solid-to-liquid ratio (1:(2–6)), process duration (20–120 min) and temperature (20–70 oC) at constant slime feed and stirrer RPM on the behaviour of lead and selenium. Optimum conditions were identified in which both elements almost completely remain in the carbonate cake, and only 0.019% Pb and 0.17% Se get extracted into the solution. Different quantities of three carbonate-containing compounds of lead and seven selenium compounds were found in the cake. When the carbonate cake is leached with nitric acid, almost all of the lead transfer to the solution, while selenium remains in the cake as an elementary substance and mercury selenides. As compared with the slime, the concentration of selenium in the cake increased by 5.6 times. This research was funded by the Science Board of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the following programme: Development and Implementation of Innovative Technology Ensuring a Higher Recovery of Non-Ferrous, Noble, Rare and Rare Earth Metals, as well as Fulfillment of Production Targets by Industrial Companies of the Republic of Kazakhstan Set for 2018–2020.