KARAKTERISTIK GEOKIMIA PHOSPHOR SEDIMEN PERMUKAAN PERAIRAN MANGUNHARJO (SEMARANG) DAN MARUNDA (JAKARTA)

ABSTRACTThe waters of Mangunharjo, Semarang and Marunda, Jakarta are located in the area of industrial and dense population. There is the activity of industrial, household, urban waste and agricultural in the land or along the river upstream can potentially as a source of pollutants and impacting the aquatic environment. Pollutants get into the water together with a suspension of sediment through river water flow and precipitation in the coastal environment. The study aims to determine the geochemical characteristics of sedimentary phosphor from two different locations. Determination of the phosphate fraction of sediment, using sequential determination extraction (SEDEX). The results showed that the concentration of the inorganic phosphorus sediment fraction has a similar relative distribution of Mangunharjo and Marunda waters i.e. Fe-P Ca-P Ads-P. The concentration of Ads-P, Ca-P, and Fe-P in Mangunharjo water is between 0.20-0.26 μmol g-1, 2.77-3.60 μmol g-1, and 4.60-5.74 μmol g-1 and Marunda water is between 0.28-0.61 μmol g-1, 2.91-4.13 μmol g-1, and 0.92-2.83 μmol g-1, respectively. The grain size of sediments and current patterns affect the distribution of phosphorus fraction.Keywords: Phosphorus fraction, surface sediments, Mangunharjo, MarundaABSTRAKPerairan Mangunharjo, Semarang dan Marunda, Jakarta berada didaerah kawasan industri dan padat penduduk. Terdapatnya aktivitas industri, rumah tangga, limbah perkotaan dan pertanian di daratan ataupun di sepanjang hulu sungai dapat berpotensi sebagai sumber pencemar dan berdampak bagi lingkungan perairan. Bahan pencemar masuk ke perairan bersama-sama muatan sedimen tersuspensi melalui aliran air sungai dan mengalami pengendapan di lingkungan pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik geokimia sedimen phosphor dari dua lokasi yang berbeda. Penentuan lokasi penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penentuan fraksi phosphat sedimen, menggunakan ekstraksi bertingkat (SEDEX). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi dari fraksi inorganic phosphor sedimen memiliki distribusi relatif yang serupa antara Perairan Mangunharjo dan Marunda yaitu Fe-P Ca-P Ads-P. Konsentrasi Ads-P, Ca-P, dan Fe-P di Perairan Mangunharjo adalah antara 0.20 - 0.26 μmol g-1, 2.77 - 3.60 μmol g-1, dan 4.60 - 5.74 μmol g-1 dan Perairan Marunda adalah antara 0.28 - 0.61 μmol g-1, 2.91 - 4.13 μmol g-1, dan 0.92 - 2.83 μmol g-1, secara berurutan. Ukuran butir sedimen dan pola arus mempengaruhi konsentrasi fraksi fosfat pada kedua perairan tersebut.Kata Kunci : Fraksi phosphor, Sedimen permukaan, Mangunharjo, Marunda

Behavior of PBTC, HEDP, and Aminophosphonates in the Process of Wastewater Treatment

Ten times at intervals of 1–2 months, individual treatment stages of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were analyzed for the five quantitatively most widely used phosphonates. The total dissolved concentration of the investigated phosphonates in the influents was between 131 µg/L and 384 µg/L. The nitrogen-free phosphonates 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) and 1-hydroxyethylidene(1,1-diphosphonic acid) (HEDP) accounted for an average proportion of 83–85%. Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP) contributed with 13–14%, whereas aminotris(methylphosphonic acid) (ATMP) (≤15 µg/L) and ethylenediaminetetra(methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP) (≤11 µg/L) contents detected in the WWTP influents were comparatively low. The application of new analytical methods allowed the quantification of phosphonates in the solid fraction of the WWTP influents for the first time. High loads of phosphonates were determined (223–2555 mg/kg), indicating that 20%–80% of the phosphonates are present in the adsorbed state. The removal of total dissolved phosphonate by secondary clarification was between 69.7% and 92.4% (medians: 90.7% and 87.7%). In both WWTPs, HEDP (medians: 89.2% and 86.4%) was slightly better eliminated than PBTC (medians: 87.2% and 82.5%). In the sand filtration stage of a WWTP, the average removal was not further improved. In contrast, an additional removal of dissolved phosphonates could be achieved by activated carbon treatment (median: 96.4%). The proportion of phosphonate-P in the dissolved unreactive phosphorus fraction was consistently between 10% and 40% throughout all treatment stages.